Test 2 - Chapters 4 & 9 Flashcards
stages of prenatal development
- Physical
- Socio-emotional
- Cognitive
The period in prenatal development from conception to 2 weeks after fertilization of the egg, when the zygote divides rapidly and implants in the uterine wall.
germinal period
The period in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks after conception, when the brain, spine, major organs, and bodily structures begin to form in the ______.
embryonic period
The period in prenatal development from 8 weeks after conception until birth, when the brain continues developing, bodily structures are refined, and the fetus grows in length and weight and accumulates fat in preparation for birth.
fetal period
Environmental substances that can harm prenatal development
teratogens
Prenatal mercury exposure causes…
mental retardation and blindness
Harry Harlow’s research
Infant monkeys will prefer and form an attachment to a surrogate mother that provides comfort over a wire surrogate mother that provides milk. Harlow’s findings showed that comforting touch is critical in the socio-emotional development of infants.
Change in any domain (physical, socio-emotional, or cognitive) takes place through complex interactions between the person’s biology, the person’s active exploration of an environment, and the constant feedback provided within the person’s cultural context
Dynamic Systems Perspective
“we change how we think as we form new schemas, or ways of thinking about how the world works”
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
The attachment style for most infants, who are confident enough to play in an unfamiliar environment as long as the caregiver is present and are readily comforted by the caregiver during times of distress.
secure attachment
The attachment style for infants who are somewhat willing to explore an unfamiliar environment, but seem to have little interest in the caregiver—they do not look at the caregiver when the caregiver leaves or returns.
avoidant attachment
The attachment style for infants who are unwilling to explore an unfamiliar environment but seem to have mixed feelings about the caregiver—they cry when the caregiver leaves the room, but they cannot be consoled by the caregiver upon his or her return.
ambivalent attachment
a baby turning it’s head in anticipation of food after having the corner of its mouth stroked is an example of…
rooting reflex
if the baby finds a nipple where it has turned it will begin to close its mouth on the nipple and suck. this is an example of…
sucking reflex
if you stroke an infant’s palm, he automatically curls his fingers around the stroked area. this is an example of…
grasping reflex