Test 3 Flashcards
Humanism and it’s impacts
Mid 14th to mid 16th c
Reason dominated way of life. Then spiritualism
1.Reason and faith are equals
Cristian Humanists: educated elite
Increased natural world study: understanding world helped understand God
Greek & Roman literature came back
This is why modern society has people who are religious, Humanists and then seculars
- Career oriented society
Develop natural talent and ability
1.Goal:Have a profession: leads to lifetime of achievement
Artist, writer, musician, doctor, lawyer
A. Less theological restrictions: broader interpretation of bible. Room for development.
B. More personal recognition
2..Ideal renaissance man:
Multi talented individual. Show people many subjects
Leonardo Da Vinci
- Progress oriented society
- Create a better world
A. Reform minded outlook
B. Forward thinking mentality - Changed view on human nature
A. Humanist perspective:humans are good by nature of train and educated
B. Christian Perspective: humans are bad so faith relationship
Age of discovery Initial driving force
Geographic knowledge increased
*Direct trade contact with S/E asia( india/china)
A. Old route- land sea (asia/med): italian merchants/high price
B. New Routes- atl. Ocean
1. South/east direction- Africa
2. West direction- unknown
Age of discovery main priorities
- Wealth- desire to become rich and famous
Investors made money because they could get goods cheaper. Avg. Sailors made much more money - Religion- convert
World historical consequences
G
F
C
R
G( crp)
A. Global European empires : us and Russia
1. Fragmented colonial movement
-many different european states involved
A. Constant competition for trade and territory
B. Rising and declining powers
2. Racial Oriented
Social system based on skin color
A. Whites-Europeans
B. Coloreds- Non-Europeans
B. Global christian religion
- Roman Catholic
- Protestant
- Russian orthodox
Battle of poitiers (tours) 732
1. Spread of islam: Mohamed was chief prophet Spread fast Muslim army tried to control Franks 2.Frankish victory by charles martel : preserved roman catholics
3 field system
Spring and fall planting+ fallow land:unused not fertilized no crop variety
Most productive way to farm
Divided fields into 3 areas
One 2 fields were worked during different seasons
Carolingian renaissance
Revival of ancient greek and roman culture improve education
Promote education
Admired christian because of sophistication
1. More church schools. Church schools at cathedrals hope nobility to catch on
Nobility.
- Lowercased letters. Write things down to make sentences, paragraph and rules of grammar
Economic feudalism- improved farming technology
More sophisticated than greeks and romans.
Adopted: rigid horse collar. Goes around breast
Horseshoes. Prevents foot disease. (Animals were prized)
Moldboard plough: tears into clay based soil. Heavy duty plough.
Needed effiency. Serfs had more incentive than slave.
Bourgeoisie
Middle class(above peasents, below nobles)
- Business People- city dwellers. (Merchants) because shops and factories were here.
- Commoners-3rd estate (merchants were common)
Merchants, manufacturing, tailor, shoemaker, hatmaker, gloves, barber, doctor
The prince
Machiavelli-1513
Theme: politically ambitious person can gain and keep political power.
Be ethical when at all possible it’s okay to be unethical as a last resort. If you’re about to lose power, break the rules and stay in power.
Don’t let religion to influence political decisions
You should be feared and loved. Safer to be feared more than loved
Used by kings and modern politician.
Early renaissance fine art
- Center of fine arts community in florence mid 14 to late 15 c
Most artists trained here. Develop florentine style
Donatello
- Most artists lived through corporate sponsorship- patronizing artists.
- guild- craft/merchant association.
- Art was used for advertising.
- Catholic church- cathedrals- monasteries/ more people come and contribute. People could understand pictures
High renaissance art
Late 15 mid 16
A. Rome- center/ church was heavily involved
2. Best had Individual scholarship/ most had corporate scholarship-
A. Middle class
B. Nobility
C. High church officials
Great master’s
Leonardo
Michaelangelo
Raphael
Great papal schism
A.two popes-Rome avignon
1377 italian was elected pope so church goes back to rome. One part of the college of cardinals elected their own pope. Kings had a choice on who they recognized as pope.
B. Further papal authority damage
Highlights ethnic differences. Both popes were more aggressive in collecting funds.
In 1417 there was once again one pope in rome
95 theses
Oct 31, 1517
Most famous
Martin luther
Posted on bulletin board of university
Targeted catholic doctrines and the sale of indulgences
Fresh approach to catholicism
Make church practices align with new testament more. Wanted debate
Luther challenged church ideals
Protected by saxony
Institutes of christian religion
John Calvin 1536
Republished until Calvin’s death. In 1936 6 chapters. By his death 80 chapters. Expands religious approach.
- All powerful God: source of goodness
- Emphasize predestination. Less pride. Infinite.
- Sinful man people are finite, weak and worthless. Can’t live without God. Can’t stand alone. . Protestant work ethic. Work hard save live well below your means
