Test 2 Flashcards
Diocletian’s mature autocracy, new govt structure. Constantine’s main accomplishments
MA
Govt where one person has absolute power with no restrictions to save roman empire
Did not pretend to share power
- Increased centralization
Govt structure - Divided into halves E&W official separation of territories
-East was rich - Divided into perfectures
2 east 2 west
Divided his absolute authority into 4 so that 4 people are in charge of rome. Tetrarchy(rule by4)
Eastern agustus easter caesar
On the job training
4 people in charge of rome so he could manage rome without direct intervention
Cuts down on revolts
The tetrarchy did work after diocletian
Constantine was emperor who ended the tetrarchy
1.Legalized christianity with the edict of milan freedom of religion because he believed that the christian God would help him suceed - Founded constantinople new capital of eastern rome byzantium to constantinople important urban city
Historical significance
- Beginning of christian europe
- Beginning of east west division of europe
Diocletian
1Mature autocracy 2.GOVT STRUCTURE -HALVES -PREFECTURES 3. TETRARCHY -leaders:east and west agustus and caesar -increased stability short term -innefective-long term 4. Constantine - ended tetrarchy Main accomplishments -legalized christianity (edict of milan) -built constantinople
- Historical significance
-begginning of christian europe
Beginning of east and west division of europe
RCC
Peter founded Main features of basic structure 1. Monarchy system Similar to roman govt 1. Pope=emp 2. Bishops=gov 3. Priests =magistrate 4. Parishioners=citizen Strong sense of purpose, well organized lead to missionary sucess
- Strict hierarchy
Well organized lead to missionary sucess - Bishop of Rome’s influence
1.location: political headquarters
Commercial center
Cultural center
2.Innefective roman emperors
3.solid leadership of pope A.Eccumenical council work Sort theological differences B. Influential figures: Leo the great -excellent diplomat dealt with atilla
Gregory great-
Excellent administration
4Petrine theory
-Apostolic succession Mathew 16:18
God-Jesus-holy spirit-peter-popes
-Divine right of papacy theory: more important than king’s
-Pope=supreme leader of latin Christendom
Etruscans -main contributions to rome
Cosmopolitan lifestyle --urban -grid system Commerce -values of trade land and sea to fund military
Metalworking
- bronze gold silver iron
- best weapons
Road building
- solid foundation
- drainage
Extended roman citizenship
PMLV - partial citizenship -Run businesses -Marry romans -Could not vote Mutual cooperation -Conquered people saw the value in supporting rome -less military spending/death
2nd punic war significance of rome’s victory
-rome had no threats and could conquer a lot of places
-Greco roman heritage starts to spread
Passed on to later westerners
Roman alphabet,
Golden age of roman literature
- Peak of roman humanism
Excellent artists out their spin on greek humanism
-agustus was patron of arts - Outstanding poets
VIRGIL-AENEID explained roots of rome’s beginning
HORACE-PATRIOTIC poems
OBID-Multitalented
Erotic love
Helped explain how men could seduce young women
-agustus banned obid because he went against traditional roman values
Struggle of the orders
-citizenship and civil rights issues between patricians and plebians
-plebians wanted equal rights, debt relief, and senate
Ultimately plebians won
Roman sophisticated legal system
Law of 12 tables
- Guiding principles
- reason:no divine intervention, evidence
2. Citizenship
2 categories
- civil code-crimes against people
- criminal code- crimes against state
First lawyers
Agustus main source of political control
A. Senate Controlled the senate behind the scenes What he wanted got done B.First citizen Not king or dictator, let senate work but stepped in when needed. Average roman saw him as hero. Collective. Deception.
Pax romana weaknesses static farming system
Slave and free labor farming
Slaves had no incentive to improve how to get crops grown . Did not develop technology to keep slaves busy. Farming sector produced most money and wasn’t efficient.
Rome’s german problem
- Increased settlers
- Germans came in because rome was busy dealing with other problems
- wanted more opportunities - Increased german soldiers
- less romans wanted their children to fight wars
- romans recruited and paid germans to fight wars
- not loyal to state
Huns- relentless fighters
- Negotiate (allies and could take things)
- Dishonorable to surrender
Fought to finish. Killed off older males and children. Always attacked civilians.
Trial by ordeal
Physical test to prove guilt or innocence where both sides agreed to do
1. Water test
Person was tied up and dropped in water. If person floated they were guilty because water is pure.
- Hot iron test
Hot piece of iron was put on skin. How it headed declared guilt or innocence. If it got infected they were guilty - Battle test
Fight with opponents. Opponents were suitability matched. Whoever won was innocent. If the murderer won they were excused. Stopped when someone got the upper hand
Wergild fines
Buy off the spear
Money for man
Most fines were paid in goods and services
How were people fined if they were convicted
Based on social class and military value
Harming a young male would get you a higher fine
Young females.
Children
Elderly
Repeat offenders did not get wergild
Arianism
AT1JA Arius of Alexandria They Did not believe in trinity 1 God 1 nature Jesus is a special creation of God Arianism is slowed down by council of nicea
Roman justification for christian persecution
- Christian intolerance
- arrogant offensive approach to religion
- one way to be divine many ways to be divine - Christian social outcasts
- Isolated from society
- tried to limit contact with pagans
- didnt attend state festivals
- human sacrifice
- orgies
3.pacifists
Cowards
Young males didn’t fight
Traitor
Backstabber
Rule of benedict
MAWSOB
Born in 480
Died in 543
Abot in monte cassino
Efficient way to get
Set of monastic rules
Emphasis on organization and hierarchy
NO PHYSICAL PAIN
-silent when working
Careful balance of:
- Prayer
- Work
- Study
Father of monasticism
City of God
A1Response
SPHERES
THEOCRACY
St. Agustine
Response to pagan intellectualswhi blamed christianity
1. Two spheres
City of man and city of God
City of man was made of flesh oriented things
City of God was spiritual
City of man was flesh oriented.
City of man had served it’s purpose and would be destroyed. People should be more concerned about their spiritual wellbeing
2. Close church state relationship (Theocracy)
St. Agustine thought that the best way to run a government was with a close church state relationship meaning a theocracy.
