Test 1 Flashcards
Tigris and Euphrates unpredictable flooding patterns
Violent Rivers -death and destruction -not every spring -dams/canals Famine -crime -weak people's -poor at disadvantage
Hammurabi’s code features / significance
Features
- wye for and eye
- Protection for all
- Comprehensive
- Scaled on social class
Significance
- Stability
- Increased king’s power
- Sophisticated
Polis main features and structure of polis
-religious center(u.a) please patron gods -trade center(u.a) Goods Gossip Socialze -govt (u.a ) (amphitheatre in rich places)
Govt Social classes -full citizens ,women and children, foreign residents,slaves Type of govt -monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, democrary
Rural area
Production of food
Most pop.
Fed the state.
Mesopotamian religion
Religion-story of Gods
-Polytheistic
(Many gods determine lives)
-Animistic:all things have a soul
-Fatalistic(events are fixed and people are powerless) predetermination
* Official state religion :Gods were important because they determined what happened to the state
People were born with a set of Gods.
Gilgamesh
Mesopotamian Hero
-He who saw everything to the ends of the world
-early king from a citystate named uruk
-part man part God who wanted to be a God
-Gods try to kill him
-He eventually reaches the Gods but decides he wants to be a king again
- becomes a good king once he goes back
Moral: humans can’t become immortal. But we can become wise.
Gilgamesh acquired wisdom through his travels
Cuneiform
Means wedge shape
-started by sumerians
Before 3000 bc
2 stage development
1. Pictograph: picture of what you want to communicate
2. Ideograms:express ideas through symbols
Combined pictograph and ideograms
3. Phonograms: symbols that mean sounds( alphabet) .involves less characters
Helped increase knowledge base.
Very few people could read and write
Pharaoh ruling traits
1.All powerful Word is law 2. Divine When they died he turned into state God 3.Understanding Good ethical -govt. Lead by example.shepard
Egyptian medicine
Best at medicine
Studied anatomy extensively
1.embalming(learned where to make incisions with less damage when removing organs) put fluids to preserve bodies
2. Surgery
Fixed broken bones
3. Pulse connected to heart
Knew that arteries and veins were connected to heart
4. Kept medical records
Tracked their progress on patients so new doctors knew what had already happened
Egyptian cosmology ma’aat
1.Outlook on universe(appropriate way to live)
2.Rule of justice and truth under leadership of good pharaoh
People of ancient egypt practiced ma’aat
3.Ma’aat was the goddess of cosmic harmony
Create orderly universe where everyone has a fixed position aka a fixed job
4.Ma’aat is symbolized by sacred eye
5.People were judged by standards of ma’aat
Hebrew individualism
Personal relationship with Yahweh
-values from single humans (you base standards on the individual.
-yahweh was caring
-Individual was important because of unique talent’s and personality
-Its each person’s responsability to firm relationship with God
Free will
-people chose whether to have relationship with God.
-People aren’t pawns
Palace civilization(minoans)
- Wealthy people-trade monopoly
They had a lot of money so they built palaces
They have trade monopoly because the mainland Greeks got all their luxury goods through them - Advanced architecture
(Built houses that were tall) had indoor plumbing and airwells,
Natural light
Sewer system
Archaic greek scholarship- natural philosophy
Literature-Homer -illiad and oddesey -writers attempted to emulate homer Natural philosophy-Thales -science -greeks believed everything could be figured out through observation and reason -theorical science means generalized principles about science -world's first theoretical scientist -From miletus -thought all matter came from water -was a rationalist but still believed in Gods His approach is the basis of:
Evolution Geology Natural selection Atomic theory Hippocratic oath Anatomy and physiology Heliocentric theory
Polis constant civil war
Balance of power principle
Shifting alliances to preserve local independence. The alliances depended on interests.
Fight over land and trade
Strong distrust of outsiders
Fought over boundaries because they wanted more land and people
If they got cut off from trade their economy was affected
Citizens fought battles which were usually short
Citizens trained periodically similar to reserves
Armies protected city state.
Archaic greek colony complete independence
1.motivation
2.main colonial areas:
Med. Sea.black sea
3. Complete independence
Athenian assembly
Voice of people Job: make decisions for group Laws were approved here 1.Members 2.Direct democracy 3. Majority rules
Athenian council of 500
Administrative leaders
1.-members: free adult males 30+ yrs. 2 yrs of military experience
-midt to high income
2. Office rotation system
2 terms every other year. Chosen by blind draw. Similar to jury duty
Phillip 2nd diplomacy methods
Marriage
Collected bribes
Collected tribute
Shifting alliances
Alexander the great early influence
Aristotle
1.Science
Zoology
Botany
2.Literature
Contributed to Alex’s sophistication
