Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Genetics > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Correlational relationships

A

Significant and direct between variables

No cause and effect established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gene-environment correlation

A

Genetic predisposition plus environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gene environment correlational categories ***

A

Passive
Reactive
Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Passive correlation**

A

Inherited genes correlate to environment by chance

Depression genes in child who experienced family loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reactive correlation**

A

Child inherits genes that evoke symptoms of depression

Other children react by avoid bc odd behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Active correlation

A

Child inherits genes that evoke symptoms of depression

Seeks isolation/others with depressed behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Genes v environment

A

Great debate that never was Watson give me a dozen infants was postering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Correlation v interaction

A

Relationship unknown-correlation

Environment effects phenotype-interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heritability

A

Proportion of trait expression variation attributed to genetics
Statistical probability that a trait will be passed on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pedigree charts

A

Assess heritability best for qualitative
Trace inheritance over multiple generations
Best for Mendelian patterns
Dominant/recessive patterns become apparent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Concordance rate

A

Likelihood that 2 individuals share a trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Animal studies

A 
Good starting point 
Sometimes animal genes correspond to humans
Dogs (trait breeding b4 labs)
Worms 
Rodents 
Drosophila(fruit flies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why fruit flies

A 
Inespensive
Small/hardy
Short life
Large genetic database (used early on)
Many traits (stuck, drop dead, since, cheap date)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inbreeding

A

Identical genes
Repeated breeding reduced variability
About 10% similarity over several gens, usually go to 20+ to be safe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1st generation inbred animals are

A

Offspring of brother/sister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why use inbred?

A

Diff between genetically identical groups attributed to environment
Diff between genetically diff attrib to genes when environment same
Diff within inbred group-mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Wild type

A

Unaffected animals, the norm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transgenics

A

Artificial alteration of genome

Knock in/ knock out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Limits to human research

A

No inbreed

Can’t control environment especially in development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Getting around human problems

A

Twin studies (same genetics) rather than inbreeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Quantitative traits

A

Normally distributed
Normal is one SD from mean
IQ behavior inhibition scale (BIS) depression and exhaustion index (DEEX scale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

G factor

A

General intelligence
Spearman
Psychometric theory
Spearman’s correlation coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Human intelligence

A

Strong evidence for genetic contribution
Twin studies .66-.68 correlation
Dizygotic .42-.62

24
Q

Brain structures and intelligence

A

Frontal lobe correlated with g

25
Q

Boldness trait

A

Songbirds bred to be bold

26
Q

Self rating scales for personality

A

Reliability high validity low

Consistent not necessarily right

27
Q

Sexual behavior

A

Normal distribution high to low

Multiple genes contribute

28
Q

DRD4 Allele influence

A

Arousal
Desire
Function

29
Q

Twin sexual behavior (mz)

A

High concordance for behavior

30
Q

Homosexual behavior

A

Separate but related to hetero behavior, polygenic continuum similar to hereto, creates range of bisexuality
MZ 66% dz 30%

31
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Normal 85-115

Disability below 70

32
Q

Int. Disable range

A

55-69 mile some skills/indepenence
40-54 moderate -motor impairments speech trouble, supervisor
25-39 severe extremely limited, close supervision
Under 25 Comorbid medical conditions

33
Q

Int disable prevalence

A

3%
Higher if just by iq
Lower by stricter criteria

34
Q

Int disable causes

A 
Teratogens (environment toxins)
Birth complications 
Social factors
Genetics 
Idiopathic -unknown
35
Q

Down syndrome

A

1 in 1000 born
Trisomy 21 redundant info -complications
Correlated with age of parents
Trisomy caused by nondisjunction (fatal in other disorders)

36
Q

Other trisomy disorders (not DS)

A 
Usually fatal, if not int. disable 
Edwards syndrome -trisomy 18 -fatal within year often, physical problems 
Patau syndrome
Trisomy 13
Severe physical and mental dysfunction 
Death usually soon after birth
37
Q

Fragile x syndrome

A

Expanded triplet repeat 200+ CGG (30 normal)
FMR1 long arm of x triplets expand over generations
Subthreshold under 200 for unaffected parents
2x boys than girls (paired x silence effects)
1in4000 makes 1in8000females

38
Q

Rett Syndrome

A

Single gene mutation -long arm X chromosome
MeCP2 gene
Rett allele usually fatal in males
Int disable mod to severe apparent 6-12 months
Motor disruption social impairment respiratory issues

39
Q

PKU

A

Treatable**
Single gene mutation
Before treatment leaving cause of int disability

40
Q

Micro deletions

A

When innocuous go unnoticed

May contribute to int disability

41
Q

DiGeorge sundrome

A 
Collection of symptoms 
80% cases micro deletion of 22qll
Smaller % microdeletions on 10/18
Int disable speech/language deficits 
Decreased muscle 
Cardiac malformation 
Cleft palette
42
Q

Prayer willi

A

From father microdeletion 15qll-q13

43
Q

Angleman syndrome

A

From mother 15q11-q13

44
Q

Genotype same phenotype different

A

Pradee willi and angleman

45
Q

Genotype different phenotype same

A

DiGeorge syndrome

46
Q

Int disability heritability

A

Less in mild ID

More in left tail then expected -more that can go wrong than improve

47
Q

X factor

A

Diseases inherited on X chromosome
Makes May be more effected bc no compensating gene
Females more affected bc fatal in males

48
Q

Some microdeletion May be integrated into genome

A

May be passed on

Some dominant pattern in DiGeorge syndrome

49
Q

Mendelian patters

A 
PKU-recessive
Neurofibermatosis 1(NF1) learning disability in some affected
50
Q

Dementia

A

Not a disease, characterizes other diseases

51
Q

Dementia prevalence ***

A

Alzheimer’s -1 half
Vascular dementia 2nd common, strokes/mini strokes
Parkinson’s-develop Levy bodies
Lewy body dementia -comorbid PD and AHuntingtons
Frontotemporal dementia-early onset pick disease (mid late 40s)
Early onset Alzheimer’s -highly heritable, dominant pattern
Multiple schlerosis (MS) glial loss w subsequent dementia

52
Q

Alzheimer’s (familial)

A

Dominant, single gene, early onset

PSEN1 (over half) PSEN2 APP 3 currently known

53
Q

Presenilin

A

Protein that directs signaling and protein positioning

54
Q

Alzheimer’s sporadic

A

Apolipo protein E (APOE) gene***
Abnormalities of APOE cause cholesterol accumulation associated with plaque development
Risk of AD 3-4x more with one APOE allele
12-15x with 2

55
Q

Learning disability

A

Deficits in understanding or using spoken or written language
Not necessarily with other cognitive deficits

56
Q

Learning disability prevalence

A

5-15% of population
Children of parents w/o reading difficulty 5%dyslexia
W/at least 1 parent dyslexic >30%

57
Q

Heritability in learning disability

A 
Difficult b/c
Disability I’ll defined
Multiple genes
Multiple cognitive processes
Multiple measures possibly needed to measure deficits

Behavioral Genetics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions