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Large Animal > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Piglet

A

Newborn

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2
Q

Gilt

A

Young female

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3
Q

Sow

A

Female

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4
Q

Boar

A

Young female

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5
Q

Barrow

A

Neutered male

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6
Q

Hog

A

Any mature pig

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7
Q

T/F
When collecting semen from a stallion for evaluation it is common practice to use electro-ejaculation if the stallion is not trained to use a mount dummy and artificial vagina

A

False

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8
Q

When collecting semen from a stallion for artificial insemination it is important to determine the total number of sperm cells in an ejaculate. What parameters are required to calculate “Total Cells”

A

Ejaculate volume
Sperm cell concentration
Percentage of motile cells

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9
Q

The proper name for the genital structure that is located on ultrasound exams to determine the sex of a fetus at 60 days of gestation is:

A

Genital tubercle

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10
Q

In which species (Equine/bovine) would it be much more difficult to obtain a diagnostic or prognostic endometrial biopsy, due to the anatomy of the cervix, endometrium, and the distribution of placental sites.

A

Bovine

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11
Q

What type of microscope is best for evaluation of the percentage of motile sperm cells in a wet mount?

A

Phase contrast

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12
Q

When collecting embryos for transfer or for diagnostic purposes, the embryos are typically collected from cows or mares within the range of: __ days after estrus and ovulation.

A

6 to 8

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13
Q

T/F
When collecting semen for breeding soundness evaluation it is common practice to use electro-ejaculation for bulls and a mount dummy and artificial vagina for stallions.

A

True

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14
Q

Embryos are contained within Zona Pellucida when they are collected at the correct number of days post-estrus. One of the earliest and probably most important biological functions of the Zona Pellucida is to:

A

Prevent polyspermy during fertilization.

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15
Q

One simple method of inducing estrus in cattle, small ruminants and horses that are reproductively cycling, is to simply induce regression of the corpus luteum, thus allowing a developing follicle to cause estrus and ovulate. About three quarters of the cycling animals treated with one of the following protocols will come into estrus. What will cause luteal regression to happen?

A

Administer a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha to all animals at a random convenient time.

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16
Q

What pharmaceutical hormones is used to control the estrus cycle by causing luteal regression and a resulting drop in progesterone production from that CL, allowing cow or mare to express estrus and ovulate.

A

Testosterone

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17
Q

Which hormone is capable of suppressing estrus and ovulation whether produced by the animal or administered as a pharmaceutical?

A

Progesterone

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18
Q

The most frequent reproductive hormone assay in livestock is the progesterone (P4) assay. Low P4 levels, under lng/ml, indicate the lack of a functional CL. High P4 levels, over 2 ng/ml, indicate an active CL. In cattle, a common best use for the progesterone assay is to:

A

Determine that a cow is not pregnant, (low P4)

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19
Q

There are two endocrine assays used to determine if a horse has functional testicular tissue, such as in a presumptive cryptorchid. What are the tests?

A

A single estrone sulphate

An HCG response test

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20
Q

In an estrus mare that is scheduled for breeding, in addition to using ultrasonography, which endocrine essays can also be used to help predict the time of impending ovulation?

A

LH

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21
Q

What species would it be the most difficult to catheterize the urinary bladder?

A

Bull

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22
Q

A name for urolithiasis with either rupture of the urethra and accumulation of subcutaneous urine, or rupture of the bladder and accumulation of urine in the peritoneal cavity is “water belly”. This name is commonly applied to which species?

A

Steers

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23
Q

Failure of passive transfer in foals and calves results from inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins from the dam’s colostrum during the first 24 hours of postpartum. Sometimes colostral substitute are used to supplement colostral immunoglobulins. It is essential that these substitutes contain adequate of only one of what category of immunoglobulins?

A

IgM

24
Q

What procedure is used to facilitate ophthalmologic examination or therapy in the equine species?

A

Auriculopalpebral nerve block

25
Q

Failure of passive transfer in foals and calves results from inadequate immunoglobulin transfer from the dam to the offspring. The mode of uptake of immunoglobulins in the calf or foal is:

A

Absorption of whole antibodies rom the GI tract within 24 hours of birth

26
Q

What structure, that can be easily identified when doing a rectal exam, is palpated to identify a fibrous impaction in the colon?

A

Pelvic flexure

27
Q

The two primary regions of the equine GI tract where microbial fermentation of feeds occurs are:

A

Cecum

Ventral colon

28
Q

T/F

LDA is typically not life-treatening in a cow.

A

True

29
Q

Two common locations for sand to accumulate (and impact) in horses are:

A

Cecum
Ventral colon
Sternal flexure

30
Q

The most common location for obstructive sand impaction (sand colic) is the most ventral part of the large colon. This part is:

A

Sternal flexure

31
Q

This region is the most common location of the GI tract for ulcer formation:

A

Cardiac region of the stomach

32
Q

What dzs in a cow has the following c/s: hypothermia, decreased blood calcium, weakness and recumbency?

A

Eclampsia

33
Q

When sending in samples for pathology following a cow’s abortion, what particular sample is the only place to find nitrate in the decreased calf’s body?

A

Eyeball

34
Q

What dz is characterized by paralysis or paresis of the hind limbs post-partum in a dam?

A

Temperature and heart rate are both elevated

35
Q

T/F

The most critical aspect to milk replaces is to ensure that the fiber is greater than 22%

A

False

36
Q

Microbial fermentation in herbivores breaks down non-digestible plant material. The bacteria then produce gas and excrete end products that can then be absorbed and utilized by the host mammal for energy. The end products utilized by the host are:

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

37
Q

The primary sites for microbial fermentation of feed in the bovine and other ruminants are:

A

The reticulum and rumen

38
Q

T/F

When a cow regurgitations it is usually a sign that she has gastric dilation, bloat or proximal enteritis.

A

False

39
Q

In ruminal acidosis due to feeding a high energy, feedlot type ration, what are sequela to the acidosis?

A

Liver abscesses

Laminitis

40
Q

When a cow has bloat, a stomach tube is usually used to relieve the gas accumulation. In an emergency, when a cow is in severe respiratory distress and no stomach tube is available, trocar or knife can be placed into the rumen to relieve the gas accumulation. It should be inserted into the rumen through:

A

The upper left para-lumbar fossa

41
Q

What site is a more severe condition, an actual torsion of the abomasum, requiring immediate surgery for correction?

A

RDA

42
Q

What is the most likely site for impaction to occur in the bovine stomach?

A

Omasum

43
Q

T/F

The ability for a calf to absorb immunoglobulins via ingestion increases with age.

A

False

44
Q

You are on a farm call for a sick gilt. Upon physical exam, you find she has a temperature of 103 degrees F, heart rate of 99 bpm, and respirations of 14 bpm.

A

Temperature and heat rate are both elevated.

45
Q

What drug should be given immediately post-partum can hopefully prevent the likelihood of a retained placenta:

A

Oxytocin

46
Q

T/F

Caloric needs of a dairy cow are greater during gestation than lactation.

A

False

47
Q

T/F

Retained placenta is not typically treated in cows.

A

True

48
Q

Giving oral fluids in the calf that contain bicarb in them be given:

A

1 hour prior to milk

49
Q

T/F

IV fluids should be given to all calves with scours greater than 8% dehydrated, and you should always use LRS.

A

False

50
Q

T/F

Navels are dipped with Nolvasan

A

False

51
Q

A calf comes in and has a temperature of 92 degrees, eyes are retracted 8mm. What route should you administer the fluids and how dehydrated is the calf

A

IV 8%

52
Q

T/F

Being born inside will decrease chances of hypothermia and will improve survivability.

A

False

53
Q

T/F

It is common on horses to assist with delivery using mechanical traction.

A

False

54
Q

What potential effect does decrease energy intake have on diary cows post partum

A

Ketosis

55
Q

T/F

Most commonly the incision for a bovine C section is on the right side and the cow is in right lateral

A

False

56
Q

What drug is used to stimulate respiration in the newborn

A

Dopram

57
Q

What is the most common cause of dystopia in cattle?

A

Calf- dam mismatch

Large Animal (11 decks)

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