Lab exam 1 Flashcards
T/F
60% of the body weight in a neonate is fluid
False
What are the goals for fluid therapy?
Maintain hydration status
Correct electrolyte imbalances
Correct acid base balance
Deliver hormones
T/F
The vascular fluid makes up the largest percentage of fluid in the body
False
The ‘bean’ is:
Smegma buildup within the urethral diveticulum of a gelding
T/F
Body condition is subjective information on the PE form
True
T/F
IV fluids ca be used to soften a colon impaction
True
T/F
The digital arteries are a good place to obtain a routine pulse rate on a very head-shy horse.
False
What restraint method could be applied in the most ‘severe’ fashion?
Stud chain
T/F
A hoof wrap is applied using a telfa, kling gauze and duct tape
False
When applying an equine bandage to the distal limb, it is important to apply tension over the ___ and not the ___.
Cannon, tendon
T/F
Obstruction is not a condition that has fluid and electrolyte loss
True
T/F
A sweat wrap may be used to help withdraw toxins from a wound.
True
What is the name of the tool that will file down the hoof?
Rasp
T/F
A horse might be shod to improve traction.
True
T/F
When giving an IV injection the vein must be held off while the drug is being administered.
False
T/F
A halter and lead rope may not be necessary when restraining a horse.
False
T/F
Acepromazine is the tranquilizer of choice for fractious stallions
False
T/F
For safety purposes, a person should stand close to the horse.
True
T/F
Leaning into a horse with constant, steady pressure is the most effective way to move a horse backwards or sideways?
False
A horse that is aggressive may:
Flatten it’s ears back
Ring it’s tail
Paw the ground
T/F
A 20g 1.5” needle would be the best choice for giving an adult horse an IM injection.
True
The purpose of a shipping wrap is to protect the ___ during transportation
Heel bulbs, cannons, fetlocks, and pasterns
The curry comb is used to:
Loosen hairs/dirt/debris from the skin
T/F
In order to have the most control while leading a horse, it’s important to wrap the excess lead rope around your hand
False
Thrush occurs in the:
Collateral sulcus
T/F
A horse that is resting a hind foot is usually upset
False
T/F
When approaching a horse, you should approach from the right side and cluck softly
False
T/F
When tying a horse to a stationary object, you should use a quick release knot at the level of the poll
False
T/F
The safest way to move around a horse is to be as close to the hindquarters as possible, using a firm touch and talking to them.
True
T/F
When placing a bandage on the distal limb of a horse, it is acceptable to place one of your knees on the ground to stabilize yourself.
False
T/F
The curry comb should never be used on the lower limb of the horse
True
T/F
Thrush is commonly seen in moist, muddy conditions
True
T/F
A halter, lead rope, and a twitch should be in place during all medical procedures.
False
T/F
The pectoral muscles are a site that may be used for IM injection in the horse.
True
T/F
The proper method for obtaining a respiratory rate in horses is to watch the nostrils for 15 seconds and multiply that number by 4.
False
T/F
When auscultating the lungs of a horse, it is normal to hear loud, prominent lung sounds.
False
T/F
When bandaging, the vetwrap is applied distal to proximal to prevent pooling of blood in the extremity
False
T/F
Animal medical Drug Use Clarification Act states that there must be a valid patient-client-vet relationship in order to use a drug “extra label”
True
T/F
The preferred injectable route of administration in beef cattle is subcutaneous.
False
T/F
Diethyl Stilbestrol must NEVER be used in cattle for any reason
True
T/F
Naxel is an acceptable antibiotics for use in food animals
True
T/F
Banamine is a commonly used NSAID for a horse that is colicky
True
T/F
Acepromazine can safely be given as a tranquilizer to geldings
True
T/F
The normal volume for bull ejaculate is about 5 mls
True
T/F
It is acceptable practice to use an electro-ejaculator for a fractious stallion.
False
T/F
Bull semen collection is performed by using an androgenized steer, never a cow
True
T/F Rapid cooling (cold shock) can cause motility and morphology in sperm.
True
T/F
80% of body weight is water in the adult horse
True
T/F
Total protein will increase to >8.0g/dl in an animal that is >10% dehydrated
False
T/F
It is safe to administer up to 5 gallons of water through an orogastric tube to a cow that is lying in lateral recumbency
False
T/F
A dandy brush should be used last, as a finishing brush
True
What anatomical structure is located in the RUQ?v
Cecum
What anatomical structure is located in the LLQ?
Large colon
Which route of administration is the Strangles vaccine given to a horse?
IN
T/F
De-wormer, Banamine paste, and Bute paste are drugs that are commonly administered through a dial-a-dose
True
Twitches work as a restraint device by:
Distraction and endorphin release
Which twitch is designed for use when no assistant is available, and one must work alone?
Humane twitch
What is the best form of restraint for a mare when doing a repo exam?
Stocks
Acepromazine is characterized as a
Tranquilizer
T/F
Xylazine can be reversed by a drug called Yohimbine.
True
T/F
Chloramphenicol is prohibited in cattle d/t the potential to cause aplastic anemia in humans
True
T/F
Dimethyl Sufoxide is used as an anti-inflammatory and free-radical scavenger. This drug can be used topically or IV, and can readily be absorbed through your skin
True
Bandages may be used to:
Protection
Support
Decrease edema
Decrease granulation tissue
How often should a saline wrap be replaced?
BID
The procedure for bandaging a horse’s leg:
Begin the bandage at mid-cannon bone
Overlap the vet wrap by 50%
Leave 0.5-1” of padding at the distal & proximal ends
What type of stain is used in assuming sperm morphology?
Eosin-Nigrosin
What is considered normal percentage of progressively motile sperm for a stallion?
60%
What is considered normal total sperm ejaculate volume for a bull?
4-5 billion
T/F
Scours is an example of a condition that would cause electrolyte loss in large animal?
True
What percentage of dehydration would you estimate a calf to be if they have cold extremities.
12%
T/F
Scouring is considered to be continuing losses in a horse requiring fluid therapy
True
What is the primary layer of a foot bandage?
Diaper
Name one treatment for thrush
Dilute bleach
What is the name of the knot that is used with the tail tie to sever as a non-tightening knot around the neck
Bowline
When performing a physical exam on a horse, how are gut sounds reported out?
0-3 scale
Which arteries are used to evaluate the condition of a horse’s foot?
Digital limb
When prepping a stallion for collection, what should the penis be washed with?
Non-spermicitic soap
What is the name of the drug that is prohibited for use in cattle because it is the drug of choice to treat MRSA in humans?
Vancomycin
What is the name of the drug that is used to treat agalactia in mares?
Don Peridon
Application of a basic medical wrap
Telfa
Kling gauze
Leg cottons
Vet wrap
When giving a horse a small injection such as a vaccine, which site is most commonly used?
Neck
The ventral colon may be auscultated in which quadrant?
RLQ & LLQ
The cecum is located on the ___ side of the horse
Off side
When giving IV injections in the jugular, why is it advisable to inject into the upper 1/3 of the vein
To avoid the carotid artery
Specific gravity will ___ with dehydration
Increase
T/F
Intranasal vaccines are contradicted in the horse
False
