Test 2 Flashcards
T/F
If a technician is using an ultrasound machine to examine a large muscular structure; longissimus and spinalis muscle group, of a 1200lb yearling bull, it would be least best to use a probe with a 3.5mHz sound frequency.
True
Glucose absorption testing and Lactose absorption testing measure the body’s utilization of these sugars. Which one is false?
- Lactose absorption testing measures absorption of lactose of intestines
- Glucose must be digested prior to absorption in the intestines.
Both are FALSE
A simple method for obtaining a small liver biopsy sample for general hepatic diagnostics in horses and cattle is by doing:
Percutaneous needle biopsy on the right side
If a biopsy of the liver is to be obtained using laparoscopy, which type of endoscope should be selected for use?
A. Flexible fiber-optic endoscope
B. Rigid endoscope
Rigid endoscope
There are certain times where ultrasound can be beneficial in diagnosis of respiratory conditions, thoracic conditions of to confirm auscultation and percussion impressions. Two conditions that can be easily identified with ultrasound are:
Bronchopneumonia with consolidation of lung tissue
Pleural effusion
T/F
When removing or retracting the catheter that is used for a trans-tracheal wash, it is important that the catheter is removed from the trachea prior to removing the needle.
False
When susceptible cattle are kept at high elevations, pulmonary arterial hypertension can progress to congestive heart failure, with peripheral edema, venous congestion and ultimately death. The incidence of this dz can be reduced, through testing and elimination of susceptible breeding cattle from the herd, based on measurements obtained with what test?
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure test (PAP test)
What is the common name for the above pulmonary hypertensive dz when it progresses to congestive heart failure with peripheral edema?
Brisket Disease
A rancher has raised cattle at a high elevation for many years. He wants to reduce that incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension and congestive heart failure in his herd. Strangely, he doesn’t want to spend too much money doing it. What test is recommended.
Test all of the breeding bulls
The mode used to create a two dimensional, cross sectional, real time ultrasonography video image, such as used to evaluate the carcass of a live animal, is referred to as ___ mode.
B-mode
A one dimensional vs. time video graph, as used in echocardiography, is produced using ___ mode.
M-mode
An ultrasound machine capable of displaying fluid turbulence in a vascular aneurysm, using colorization of the image is produced using ___ mode.
Doppler mode
Reproductive examinations in farm animals, such as early diagnosis of pregnancy, will utilize equipment set up to display a video using ___ mode.
B-mode
Imaging blood flow and computation of blood flow rates utilizes
Doppler mode
The culture swab that is typically used to obtain an un-contaminted culture from the uterus of large animals is called:
Tiegland culture swab
When using an ultrasound machine to diagnosis pregnancy in large animals there is a minimum number of days that should pass between the animal going out of heat or ovulating and the examination.
25 days in cattle
11 days in mares
When using an ultrasound machine to diagnosis pregnancy in horses, there is a maximum number of days that should pass if the animal is to be examined for twins. If twins are present, one of the twins may be manipulated away from the other and destroyed, in order to cause a single birth, if the exam is done prior to the day of embryo fixation. What is the max number of days that should pass to avoid embryo fixation?
15 days
During which stage of parturition is the dam most vulnerable to outside predators?
Stage 2
What is the term for the relaxation of the sacra-sciatic ligaments 24-48 hours pre-partum?
Springing
How long should a first calf heifer be in Stage 2 of parturition?
1-2 hours
What is the most common cause of dystocia in the bovine?
Calf-dam mismatch
What is the gestation length in a doe?
150 days
T/F
It is better for a calf to be born indoors vs. outside
False
T/F
Sheep have the same dental as cattle.
True
T/F
During Stage 2 of parturition in a horse, you would want to interfere if it lasts longer that 40 minutes.
False
What type of aid must not be used in a mare experiencing dystocia?
Calf puller
T/F
During Stage 1 of labor, the dam may continue to eat and drink.
True
What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy?
Progesterone
What conditions are possible to diagnosis with the use of percussion and/or ultrasonography of the thoracic cavity are:
- Lung consolidation associated with bronchopneumonia
- Pleural effusion that results in significant fluid accumulation
T/F
In bovine it is much more difficult to obtain a diagnostic or prognostic endometrial biopsy, due to the anatomy endometrium, and the distribution of placental sites.
True
What are the two most common method used to examine the internal reproductive organs of the mare or cow, to determine pregnancy status, examine the ovaries, etc?
Ultrasonography
Rectal palpation
The proper name for the genital structure that is located on ultrasound exams to determine the sex of a fetus at 60 days of gestation is:
Genital tubercle
Lamb
Newborn
Ewe lamb
Young female
Ewe
Female
Ram lamb
Young male
Ram
Male
Wether
Neutered male
Bum
Orphan lamb
Crutching
Shave around perineum to get ready for lambing
Flushing
Increasing the plain of nutrition
Kid
Newborn
Doeling
Young female
Buckling
Young male
Doe
Female
Buck
Male
Wether
Neutered male
Polled
Born without horns (sterile)
Disbudding
Removing horn buds from kids
Stage 1 lengths
2-3 hrs in cows
1-2 hrs in mares
Stage 2 lengths
45 min-1 hr in older cows
1-2 hrs in heifers
30 min in horse
Stage 3 lengths
1-6 hrs to expel placenta in cows
1-2 hrs in mares
Post-pardum lengths
Cows= Dam raised in 2-3 min Calf up in 10-15 min Horses= Mare still for 30 min up to 3 hrs for foal to raise