Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

P1 Spring - Pharm Sci > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

clearance

A

volume of blood that has drug completely removed from it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ROE units

A

mass/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

concentration units

A

mass/volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

clearance units

A

volume/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Q

A

blood flow same on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

extractor

A

organ removing drug / liver kidney etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

E

A

extraction ratio
whats coming in / whats coming out
.1 = 10% each time = 1st order removal always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ROP

A

Cin x Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ROE

A

Q x (Cin - Cout)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

E

A

ROE/ROP

(Cin - Cout)/ Cin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ways you could impact the ability of the extractor to remove drug

A 
blood flow
heart failure = lower Q
liver failure
- any change in Q or E
enzyme inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ROE is concentration independent or dependent

A

dependent / 1st order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

clearance is a constant or variable

A

constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CL =

A

vol/time

Q x E

flow rate x extraction ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ROE =

A

Cin x Q x E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

k =

A

CL/VD

volume/time
——————- = time^-1
volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inactive metabolite

A

devoid of pharmacological activity; results in termination of a drug, chemical properties are changed affecting how a drug interacts with target or changes in distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

active metabolite

A

has pharmacological activity; similar to the desired activity, new activity not observed with the parent drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

drug bioactivation

A

parent has no activity; must be activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

phase 1 reactions

A

add or reveal polar functional group, generally increase H2O solubility and facilitate excretion; does not always terminate; may undergo phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

phase 2 reactions

A

conjugation; add biomolecule to a functional group or phase 1 metabolite; increase water solubility; increase molecular weight; high energy cofactors; usually terminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 types of reactions catalyzed by CYP

A 
N/S oxidation
alkene oxidation
O/N dealkylation
aromatic, acyclic, aliphatic hydroxylation
deamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

other phase 1 reactions

A 
epoxide hydrolase
ADH/ALDH
esterase
nitro reduction
keto reduction
azo reduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

most common phase 2

A

glucronidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
high capacity system
glucuronidation
26
low capacity system
sulfation
27
protects from electrophiles, conc. usually is high but can be depleted rapidly
glutathione
28
phase 2 reaction co substrates are rate limiting meaning
if one pathway becomes saturated alternative metabolic pathways can be used
29
object drug
drug being effected; E
30
precipitant drug
drug doing the inhibition or induction; Q
31
inhibition
reduces activity major issue with CYPs rapid onset decreases CL, increase pharm affect, decreases metabolite toxicity
32
induction
induces activity slow onset less common increases CL, decrease pharm affect, increases metabolite toxicity, increases pharm affect if prodrug
33
strong inhibitors
greater than 80% reduction in clearance, 5 fold increase in AUC
34
weak inhibitors
greater than 50-80% reduction in clearance, 3-5 fold increase in AUC
35
cigs & charcoal broiled food
induces CYP1A2
36
cruciferous veggies
induces CYP1A2
37
ethanol consuption
induces CYP2E1; reduces GSH
38
piperine
inhibits CYP3A4
39
herbal products
induce / inhibit various transporters
40
fruit juices
inhibit CYP3A4 transporters
41
gene
the basic physical and functional unit of heredity transferred from parent to offspring that codes for a specific characteristic; it is a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell or virus may synthesize
42
allele
a particular form or variant of a gene that can affect phenotypic expression of traits
43
homozygous
describes an organism that possesses two identical alleles for a particular trait
44
heterozygous
describes an organism that possess two different alleles for a particular trait
45
wild type
a characteristic that prevails among individuals in natural conditions; the product of the normal allele
46
mutation
a change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism that is either a result of mistakes made when DNA is copied or due to exposure to environmental factors that cause irreparable damage
47
polymorphism
the presence of genetic variation within a population due to multiple alleles that occupy the same locus on a chromosome
48
promotor
a region of DNA that initiates the transcription of a particular gene; a promotor is located upstream on the same strand near the transcription start site of a gene
49
untranscribed regions
genomic sequences that are not transcribed to the primary transcript; untranscribed regions may contain important regulatory elements such as promotors
50
3'
refers to the carbon number in DNA backbone that has a hydroxyl group attached to it
51
5'
refers to the carbon number that has a phosphate group attached to it
52
intron
any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product
53
exon
any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing
54
stop codon
nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation into proteins; 3 stop codons are UGA, UAA, UAG
55
transcript
a single stranded RNA product synthesized by transcription of DNA and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs
56
gene product
the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting rom expression of a gene
57
single nucleotide polymorphism
SNPs; most common genetic variation among people, each SNP represents a difference in a single nucleotide; SNPs do not always cause a change in gene products activity or expression
58
synonymous SNP
results in no change to the AA sequence
59
nonsynonymous SNP
results in a different AA put into the gene product
60
TA repreats
TATA box is a DNA sequence consisting of repeating thymine and adenine that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded; if TA are inserted or deleted, phenotypic changes can occur in the gene product that the TATA box precedes
61
insertion
occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to an AA sequence
62
deletion
occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from an AA sequence
63
nonsense mutation
occurs when a SNP results in a premature stop codon in protein translation, truncating the protein and most likely rendering it nonfunctional; stop codon is TAG

P1 Spring - Pharm Sci (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions