cholinergic Flashcards

1
Q

cholinergic

A

any system affected by/involving ACh

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2
Q

M3

A

secretory
any muscle contraction
circulatory muscles in eye

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3
Q

M2

A

cardiac
decrease heart rate
slows SA node and slows down AV node

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4
Q

M1

A

cholinergic pathways
affected in Alheimerz
circuits involved in memory and cognition

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5
Q

Muscarinic agonist

A

activate all
increase SLUD
decrease HR
bronchoconstriction

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6
Q

what would a muscarinic agonist be useful in treating

A

tachycardia
dry mouth
constipation
glaucoma

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7
Q

muscarinic antagonist

A

decrease SLUD

increase HR

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8
Q

muscarinic antagonist would be effective in treating

A

urinary urgency
eye surgery
IBS-D type

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9
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

Na+ gated ion channels

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10
Q

Nicotinic receptor types

A
Ng = autonomic ganglia = para or symp
Nm = neuromuscular = some selective nicotinic
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11
Q

AChE

A

acetylcholinesterase
wherever ACh is released this enzyme is present
highest turnover rate of all enzymes

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12
Q

lack of AChE =

A

slower metabolism of ACh
increase SLUD
decrease HR
increase in cholinergic activity of the brain

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13
Q

ACh

A

made from ACh and choline
choline on its own would be broken down by cholinesterases => ACh is less resistant and will not be broken down as quickly

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14
Q

muscarinic receptors are _____ and nicotinic receptors are ____

A

gpcr

Na+ gated ion channels

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15
Q

hemicholiniums

A

block the transporter bring choline into the cell = result would be less formation of ACh

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16
Q

Vesamicol

A

inhibits VAT that puts ACh into the vesicle to prepare for its release

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17
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

prevents the release of the ACh vesicles

18
Q

two mechanisms that block the release of ACh on the presynaptic ganglia

A

heteroreceptor = alpha 2
ACh autoreceptor = N2
when both are activated = decrease in ACh release

19
Q

AChE is found on the post synaptic neuron awaiting binding for rapid hydrolysis, but ACh can also be broken down by

A

plasma esterases such as butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)

20
Q

Muscarinic receptors:
odd numbers =
even numbers =

A

Gq / excitatory

Gi / inhibitory

21
Q

M1 function

A
increase cognitive function
seizure activity
increase secretions
increase autonomic ganglia depolarization
decrease DA release and locomotion
22
Q

M2 function

A
autonomic nerve terminals / heart
decrease heart rate
increase smooth muscle contractions
decrease ganglionic transmission
neural inhibition in CNS
increase tremors, hypothermia, analgesia
23
Q

M3 function

A
CNS, smooth muscle
smooth muscle contraction
increase salivary glands
increase food intae
body fat deposits
inhibition of DA release
synthesis of NO
24
Q

treat parkinsons using

A

an M1 antagonist

25
treat Alzheimers using
an M1 agonists
26
structure requirements for an muscarinic agonist
1) ammonium group - want N to be capable of bearing a positive charge 2) Ethylene bridge - 2 C atoms between N and O; Ings Rule of 5 - start at nitrogen to terminal H; no more than 5 atoms 3) acyloxy group - ester, ether, ketone; must be O atom
27
The B carbon works on agonist by
increasing affinity for Muscarinic over nicotinic
28
carbamate
slows hydrolysis by ACh
29
if your patient had an obstruction (bladder or GI)
do not use an agonist
30
functions of muscarinic agonists
non - obstructive urinary retention disabling anticholinergic side effect from medications like tricyclic antidepressants bronchial airway hyper-reactivity in subjects who do not have asthma lowering of intraoccular pressure in glaucoma miosis induction after ophthalmoscopic exmination xerostomia caused by radiation therapy for cancer of the head and neck
31
when would you not give a muscarinic agonist
IBS-d asthma - airways would close severe bradycardia - slow down HR
32
SAR requirments for muscarinic antagonists
1) N is tertiary or quaternary ammonium 2) R1 and R2 are carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings 3) R3 is generally a H, OH, or part of the ring systems 4) X is usually an ester or even a C atom 5) length is usually 2 to 4 atoms
33
Muscarinic antagonists (antimuscarinics)
``` COPD Parkinsons Overactive bladder Mydriatics/Cycloplegics IBS-D ```
34
antimuscarinics ADR?
``` dry mouth dry eyes blurred vision dry skin increase HR hallucinations delirium limit CNS effects = if ionized ```
35
ophthalmic
used to dilate pupils paralyze the lens for procedures loss of accommodation
36
relaxation of sphincter of the iris =
midrasis = dialation
37
relaxation of ciliary muscle of the iris
change lens thickness unable to accommodate blurred vision
38
COPD drugs
ipratropium umeclidium glycopyrrolate aclidium
39
parkinsons drugs
benztropine | trihexyphenydil
40
IBS drugs
dicyclomine
41
Nausea due to motion sickness drugs
scopolamine