cholinergic Flashcards
cholinergic
any system affected by/involving ACh
M3
secretory
any muscle contraction
circulatory muscles in eye
M2
cardiac
decrease heart rate
slows SA node and slows down AV node
M1
cholinergic pathways
affected in Alheimerz
circuits involved in memory and cognition
Muscarinic agonist
activate all
increase SLUD
decrease HR
bronchoconstriction
what would a muscarinic agonist be useful in treating
tachycardia
dry mouth
constipation
glaucoma
muscarinic antagonist
decrease SLUD
increase HR
muscarinic antagonist would be effective in treating
urinary urgency
eye surgery
IBS-D type
nicotinic receptors
Na+ gated ion channels
Nicotinic receptor types
Ng = autonomic ganglia = para or symp Nm = neuromuscular = some selective nicotinic
AChE
acetylcholinesterase
wherever ACh is released this enzyme is present
highest turnover rate of all enzymes
lack of AChE =
slower metabolism of ACh
increase SLUD
decrease HR
increase in cholinergic activity of the brain
ACh
made from ACh and choline
choline on its own would be broken down by cholinesterases => ACh is less resistant and will not be broken down as quickly
muscarinic receptors are _____ and nicotinic receptors are ____
gpcr
Na+ gated ion channels
hemicholiniums
block the transporter bring choline into the cell = result would be less formation of ACh
Vesamicol
inhibits VAT that puts ACh into the vesicle to prepare for its release
Botulinum toxin
prevents the release of the ACh vesicles
two mechanisms that block the release of ACh on the presynaptic ganglia
heteroreceptor = alpha 2
ACh autoreceptor = N2
when both are activated = decrease in ACh release
AChE is found on the post synaptic neuron awaiting binding for rapid hydrolysis, but ACh can also be broken down by
plasma esterases such as butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)
Muscarinic receptors:
odd numbers =
even numbers =
Gq / excitatory
Gi / inhibitory
M1 function
increase cognitive function seizure activity increase secretions increase autonomic ganglia depolarization decrease DA release and locomotion
M2 function
autonomic nerve terminals / heart decrease heart rate increase smooth muscle contractions decrease ganglionic transmission neural inhibition in CNS increase tremors, hypothermia, analgesia
M3 function
CNS, smooth muscle smooth muscle contraction increase salivary glands increase food intae body fat deposits inhibition of DA release synthesis of NO
treat parkinsons using
an M1 antagonist