Test 3 Flashcards
Match these four:
Subject
Predicate
Major Term
Minor Term
Subject: Minor Term
Predicate: Major Term
Mood
AEIO Form
A Form
All S are P
E Form
No S are P
I Form
Some S are P
O Form
Some S are not P
Figure
Arrangement of Terms from 1-4
Figure 1
M \
\ M
Figure 2
. | M
. | M
Figure 3
M | .
M | .
Figure 4
/ M
M /
Three Categorical Syllogistic Validity Test Types
Distribution
Negation
Quantity
Validity: Distribution
- The Middle Term must be distributed in at least 1 of the premises
- If either the major or minor term is distributed, it must be distributed in the premise it occurs
Validity: Negation
- The premises can’t both be negative
- If either premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative / if the conclusion is negative, one premise must be negative
Validity: Quantity
If the conclusion is particular, one premise must be particular
Validity: All Rules
- The Middle Term must be distributed in at least 1 of the premises
- If either the major or minor term is distributed, it must be distributed in the premise it occurs
- The premises can’t both be negative
- If either premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative / if the conclusion is negative, one premise must be negative
- If the conclusion is particular, one premise must be particular
Categorical Syllogism Standard Form
(Quantity) (Subject) (Quality) (Predicate)
3 Types of Logical Proposition Relations
Contrapositive
Obverse
Converse
Draw the Traditional Square of Opposition
(See textbook)
Contrapositive Relation
- Switch Subject and Predicate
- Negate both new S and P
All Ismailis are Muslims.
-> All Non-Muslims are Non-Ismailis.
Obverse Relation
- Replace Predicate with complement
- Switch quality
All sandpaper is an abrasive thing.
-> No sandpaper is a non-abrasive thing.
Converse Relation
- Switch Subject and Predicate Terms
Some Scotch drinkers are Englishmen.
-> Some Englishmen are Scotch drinkers.
