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Intro to Logic > Sacred Page Study > Flashcards

Sacred Page Study Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we study arguments

A
  • To glorify God

- To become more effective people

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2
Q

What is an argument

A

A basic unit of reasoning that contains a premise and conclusion in at least 2 separate statements.

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3
Q

How do we identify arguments

A

DIE

Develop sensitivity
Indicator words and phrases
Expand our knowledge

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4
Q

Argument vs Assertion vs Explanation

A

Assertion: Single claim or statement

Explanation: Why rather than That

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5
Q

Three Types of Deductive Arguments

A

Categorical Syllogism
Disjunctive Syllogism
Hypothetical Syllogism

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6
Q

Categorical Syllogism

A

2 Premises, 1 Conclusion that are categorical propositions

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7
Q

Disjunctive Syllogism

A

“either / or” statements

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8
Q

Valid Disjunctive Syllogism

A

Denying a Disjunct

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9
Q

Invalid Disjunctive Syllogism

A

Affirming a Disjunct

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10
Q

Hypothetical Syllogism Types

A

Pure

Mixed

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11
Q

Pure Hypothetical Syllogism

A

If p, then q
p
therefore q

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12
Q

Mixed Valid Hypothetical Syllogism

A

Affirming the Antecedent

Denying the Consequent

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13
Q

Mixed Invalid Hypothetical Syllogism

A

DAAC

Denying the Antecedent
Affirming the Consequent

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14
Q

Types of Non-Deductive Arguments

A

Inductive Generalizations
Argument by Analogy
Abductive Argument

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15
Q

Inductive Generalization

A

Categorical Generalization

Statistical Generalization

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16
Q

Argument by Analogy

A

“Country X is like Country Y, therefore, Country X will have the same outcome”

17
Q

Abductive Argument

A

“Inference to the best explanation”

18
Q

How do we evaluate Deductive Arguments

A

Factual Strength

Logica Strength

19
Q

Evaluating Deductive Arguments

A
  • Are they valid / invalid

- If the premise is true, the conclusion must be true

20
Q

Subjectivism Fallacy

A

I believe it to be true, therefore It must be

21
Q

Appeal to Majority Fallacy

A

Everyone’s doing it, so should you

22
Q

Evaluating Argument by Analogy

A

ONE COUNTER is a PLAUSIBLE DIFFERENCE

One sample (not large or varied
Look for counter-analogies
Plausibility in the light of background knowledge
Are the differences enough to discount the link

23
Q

Evaluating Abductive Arguments

A

KISS, KNOW, DISCOVER, ADAPT

The conclusion is simpler than its rivals / contains less fallacies
Coheres well with relevant knowledge
Leads to new discoveries
Helps predict future events

24
Q

Evaluating Inductive Generalizations

A

ABUNDANT INSTANCES are PLAUSIBLE

Sample is sufficiently large and varied
Look for confirming / disconfirming instances
Plausibility in light of additional knowledge

25
Q

What is a conclusion premise?

A

A multi-level or multi-step argument containing at least on statement that functions as both a premise and a conclusion

Intro to Logic (3 decks)

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