Test 3

Question 1

Embryoid body

Answer 1

Multicellular aggregates that resemble early embryos formed when embryonic stem cells start differentiating

Question 2

Embryonic (ES) stem cell

Answer 2

Pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Question 3

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell

Answer 3

Adult differentiated cell programmed by the addition of transcription factors to become a pluripotent stem cell

Question 4

Multipotent stem cell

Answer 4

Can form multiple types of cells but not an organ

Question 5

Niche

Answer 5

Micro environment that allows stem cells to divide to form daughter stem cell and differentiated cell

Question 6

Pluripotent stem cell

Answer 6

Can form multiple tissue types but not complete organism

Question 7

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 7

Generation of organism from transfer of adult nucleus into unfertilized egg

Question 8

Totipotent stem cell

Answer 8

Can form complete organism

Question 9

Transit-amplifying cell

Answer 9

Rapidly proliferating cells that undergo several divisions before differentiating

Question 10

Unipotent stem cell

Answer 10

Can form only one type of cell

Question 11

Apaf-1

Answer 11

Apoptotic protease activating factor; complexes with cytochrome c and ATP to activate caspase-9

Question 12

Apoptosis

Answer 12

Programmed cell death

Question 13

Apoptosome

Answer 13

Apaf -1/ATP/caspase-9/cytochrome c complex

Question 14

Bad

Answer 14

Bcl-2 family member that induces apoptosis by inhibiting activity of anti-apoptotic proteins

Question 15

Bax

Answer 15

Bcl -2 family member that induces apoptosis when translocation to mitochondria

Question 16

Bcl-2

Answer 16

Family of genes involved in apoptosis; some inhibit apoptosis and other promote apoptosis

Question 17

Bid

Answer 17

Bcl-2 family protein that induces apoptosis by inhibiting activity of anti-apoptotic proteins

Question 18

Blebbing

Answer 18

Formation of irregular bulges in the plasma mem of a cell during apoptosis

Question 19

Caspases

Answer 19

Protease involved in apoptosis; contain cysteine res at active site and cleave after aspartate in substrate

Question 20

Death domain

Answer 20

Amino acid seq present on c terminus of both Fas and FADD

Question 21

DED

Answer 21

Death effector domain; amino acid seq present on n terminus of both FADD and pro-caspase-8

Question 22

FADD

Answer 22

Fas associated death domain protein; complexes to Fas and pro-caspase-8 when Fas is stimulated

Question 23

Fas

Answer 23

Cell surface receptor in immune cells that binds Fas ligand leading to apoptosis

Question 24

FLIP

Answer 24

Negative regulator of apoptosis

Question 25

IAP

Answer 25

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein

Question 26

Smac/Diablo

Answer 26

Pro apoptotic proteins released from mitochondrial that inhibit action of IAPs