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CPE > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the signs of COPD?

A

Wheezing
Decreased breath sounds
Cyanosis in the absence of polycythemia (late sign)
Signs of lung hyperinflation
Decreased measurements of airflow on spirometry

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1
Q

A disease state characterized by airflow limitation that’s not fully reversible

A

COPD

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2
Q

What is the single most important risk factor for COPD?

A

Cigarette smoking

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3
Q

What is the ddx for COPD?

A

Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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4
Q

How do you test for COPD?

A

Spirometry

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5
Q

What imaging method should you use for COPD?

A

Chest x-rays - may show features of COPD & may rule out alternative diagnoses

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6
Q

This measure indicates the presence of hypoxia or hypercapnia (in COPD)

A

Arterial blood gas

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7
Q

What stage of COPD shows forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity is decreased; usually but not always, chronic cough & sputum production; pt may not be aware that lung function is abnormal

A

Stage 2 - moderate

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8
Q

What are the management goals for COPD?

A

Educate pt about disease
Prevent progression
Work to improve ADLs by decreasing symptoms
Reduce the number of exacerbations & superimposed infections
Support smoking cessation
Reduce mortality
Reverse hypoxia & maintain adequate oxygenation

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9
Q

What are the xray findings assoc w/ chronic bronchitis?

A

Pulmonary overinflation
Flattened diaphragm
Increased retrosternal airspace
Increased bronchial marking

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10
Q

What is the main cause of emphysema?

A

Smoking

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11
Q

What are the cardinal features of asthma?

A

Episodic or chronic wheezing
Dyspnea
Cough
Feeling of tightness in chest

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12
Q

What are precipitants for asthma?

A 
Exercise
Cold weather
Infection
Drugs
Allergens
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13
Q

What is the ddx for asthma?

A 
COPD
Congestive heart disease
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Embolism
Large airway obstruction
Vocal cord dysfunction
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14
Q

How is moderate, persistent asthma treated?

A

Daily medication is recommended

Low to medium dose inhaled steroid

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15
Q

This is abnormal & permanent dilation of cartilage bearing pulmonary bronchi w/ copious sputum production

A

Bronchiectasis

16
Q

What are the tx’s for bronchiectasis?

A

Antibiotics
PT
Surgery for localized disease
Lifestyle modifications

17
Q

The most characteristic physical finding is “velcro” quality bibasilar crackles that don’t clear w/ cough & are heard over posterolateral chest in mid to late inspiration

A

Occupational Lung Disease

18
Q

Refers to parenchymal lung disease resulting from inhalant of silicon dioxide or silica, in crystalline form

A

Silicosis

19
Q

Type of silicosis that occurs rarely but is usually fatal

A

Acute silicosis

20
Q

This refers to an infection of the parenchyma of lung & may occur in tandem w/ distal bronchial infection

A

Pneumonia

21
Q

Type of pneumonia that is more mild in healthy population?

A

Viral pneumonia

22
Q

What is the ddx for viral pneumonia?

A 
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis (on test)
Leukocytosis
COPD
Asthma
ARDS
23
Q

This can be a pulmonary disease or extrapulmonary disease or both that is spread from person to person via inhalant droplets.

A

TB

24
Q

What are 2 ways TB is diagnosed?

A

Isolating the organism from a clinical specimen or biopsy

Infection (not disease) is diagnosed by (+) skin test to tuberculin antigen

25
Q

How are pts w/ TB treated?

A

Active TB - Isoniazid w/ rifampin

26
Q

This disease can effect multiple organs but has a propensity to involve the respiratory tract initially. Cause is unknown

A

Sarcoidosis

27
Q

What is the tx for sarcoidosis?

A

Spontaneous regression of the pulmonary process is frequent

28
Q

What are some causes of pleural disease?

A

Transudates
Exudates
Empyema
Cirrhosis

29
Q

What is the ddx for pleural disease?

A

CHF

30
Q

What is the primary etiologic agent that promotes the development of lung cancer?

A

Tobacco

31
Q

Smoking contributes to the development of what % of all lung cancers?

A

90%

32
Q

What are characteristics of solitary pulmonary nodules that are generally benign?

A

Present in the past

Haven’t changed size for more than 2 years

33
Q

What size of pulmonary nodules are almost always malignant?

A

3cm

34
Q

The presence of what in a pulmonary nodule has a high predictive value for malignancy?

A

Corona radiata sign (fine linear strands extending outward from the nodule)

35
Q

What are characteristics of low risk nodules?

A 
Stable in size (>2 yrs)
Benign type calcifications 
Younger pt (<35yrs) w/ no history of exposures
36
Q

What are characteristics of high risk nodules?

A

Nodules larger than 3 cm
Abnormal calcification patterns (corona radiata, eccentric/stippled)
Older pts who are smokers

37
Q

What category of nodules do most pts have?

A

Indeterminate risk nodules

CPE (3 decks)

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