Final Flashcards
How does regulation of the hypothalamus occur?
Feedback from the end organ production of hormones
What hormones does the pos. pituitary release?
ADH
Oxytocin
What is the M/C presentation of pituitary hyperfunction?
hypersecretion of growth hormone
What is the primary cause of acromegaly?
Pituitary adenoma
What are the 5 types of thyroiditis?
Hashimoto's Subacute Painless Suppurative Riedel's
Type of thyroiditis that is autoimmune, primary, early-hyper then later hypo?
Hashimoto’s
Type of thyroiditis caused by a viral infection?
Subacute
Type of thyroiditis that is autoimmune, caused by thyrotoxicosis & seen in post-partum women
Painless
Type of thyroiditis caused by a bacterial infection, presents w/ severe neck pain
Suppurative
Type of thyroiditis that presents w/ a stony neck mass & compressive symptoms
Riedel’s
What is the M/C cause of primary hypothyroidism in the US?
Hashimoto’s
What do lab findings show assoc w/ hashimoto’s?
Antithyroid antibodies
What are signs assoc. w/ hashimoto’s?
Diffuse bilobar, nodular, firm enlargment of thyroid (M/C)
Gland may also be atrophied & not palpable
May manifest as weight gain, delayed return phase of reflexes
What are other autoimmune disorders assoc. w/ Hashimoto’s?
Pernicious Anemia Type I DM Primary adrenal insufficiency Rheumatoid Arthritis Premature Ovarian Failure
Subacute thyroiditis usually follows what type of infection?
Upper respiratory tract infection
What are the signs of subacute thyroiditis?
Enlarged, painful, markedly tender thyroid
S/S of hyperthyroidism
What lab finding is assoc. w/ subacute thyroiditis?
Elevated ESR
What are some symptoms of thyrotoxocosis?
Tachycardia
Weight loss
Diaphoresis
Severe hypothyroidism characterized by nonpitting edema
Myxedema
Term reserved for untreated neonatal/congenital hypothyroidism
Cretinism
What are symptoms assoc. w/ hyperthyroidism?
Nervousness Sweating Sensitivity to heat Palpitations Fatigue Dyspnea Increase in appetite Eye irritation Swelling in legs Increased freq. of bowel movement or diarrhea
What are signs of hyperthyroidism seen in the elderly?
CHF
Atrial fibrillation
Prox. muscle weakness
What are signs of hyperthyroidism seen in children?
Accelerated linear growth
Eye signs are more common
What is the ddx for hyperthyroidism?
Anxiety Malignancy AIDS Thyroiditis Pheochromocytoma
A benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form recognizable glandular structures or in which the cells are clearly derived from glandular epithelium
Adenoma
What are symptoms of a thyroid adenoma?
Usually asymptomatic but can cause hypo/hyperthyroidism
Occasionally painful d/t growth, inflammation, or hemorrhage
Particularly large nodules can cause compression of adjacent structures
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis may be present
M/C endocrine tumor?
Thyroid carcinoma
M/C type of thyroid cancer?
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Rarest form of thyroid cancer?
Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid
What is the therapeutic mainstay for the tx of thyroid cancer?
Surgery
Disorder that manifests in the form of primary adrenal insufficiency, which involves pathology in the adrenal glands themselves
Addison’s Disease
What are symptoms of addison’s crisis?
Extreme hypotension
Circulatory collapse
What are signs of Addison’s disease?
Hyperpigmentation (vitiligo)
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
Fever of unknown etiology
What hormone is usually affected in Addison’s?
Cortisol
What is the M/C cause of Addison’s?
Autoimmune destruction of gland
Disease of excessive quantities of glucocorticoids, whether secreted by the adrenal cortex (endogenous) or administered (exogenous)
Cushing’s Disease
What are symptoms of Cushing’s?
Weakness assoc w/ prox. myopathy LBP Depressed mood Emotional lability Frank psychosis Polyuria Polydipsia
This is a tumor of chromaffin cells which secrete carcholamines, predominately norepinephrine
Pheochromocytoma
What is the ddx for pheochromocytoma?
Essential HTN
Anxiety disorder
Intracranial lesions
Thyrotoxicosis
What is the M/C cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient population?
Hyperparathyroidism
