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CPE > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

How does regulation of the hypothalamus occur?

A

Feedback from the end organ production of hormones

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2
Q

What hormones does the pos. pituitary release?

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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3
Q

What is the M/C presentation of pituitary hyperfunction?

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone

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4
Q

What is the primary cause of acromegaly?

A

Pituitary adenoma

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5
Q

What are the 5 types of thyroiditis?

A 
Hashimoto's 
Subacute
Painless
Suppurative
Riedel's
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6
Q

Type of thyroiditis that is autoimmune, primary, early-hyper then later hypo?

A

Hashimoto’s

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7
Q

Type of thyroiditis caused by a viral infection?

A

Subacute

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8
Q

Type of thyroiditis that is autoimmune, caused by thyrotoxicosis & seen in post-partum women

A

Painless

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9
Q

Type of thyroiditis caused by a bacterial infection, presents w/ severe neck pain

A

Suppurative

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10
Q

Type of thyroiditis that presents w/ a stony neck mass & compressive symptoms

A

Riedel’s

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11
Q

What is the M/C cause of primary hypothyroidism in the US?

A

Hashimoto’s

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12
Q

What do lab findings show assoc w/ hashimoto’s?

A

Antithyroid antibodies

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13
Q

What are signs assoc. w/ hashimoto’s?

A

Diffuse bilobar, nodular, firm enlargment of thyroid (M/C)
Gland may also be atrophied & not palpable
May manifest as weight gain, delayed return phase of reflexes

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14
Q

What are other autoimmune disorders assoc. w/ Hashimoto’s?

A 
Pernicious Anemia
Type I DM
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Premature Ovarian Failure
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15
Q

Subacute thyroiditis usually follows what type of infection?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

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16
Q

What are the signs of subacute thyroiditis?

A

Enlarged, painful, markedly tender thyroid

S/S of hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

What lab finding is assoc. w/ subacute thyroiditis?

A

Elevated ESR

18
Q

What are some symptoms of thyrotoxocosis?

A

Tachycardia
Weight loss
Diaphoresis

19
Q

Severe hypothyroidism characterized by nonpitting edema

A

Myxedema

20
Q

Term reserved for untreated neonatal/congenital hypothyroidism

A

Cretinism

21
Q

What are symptoms assoc. w/ hyperthyroidism?

A 
Nervousness
Sweating
Sensitivity to heat
Palpitations
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Increase in appetite
Eye irritation
Swelling in legs
Increased freq. of bowel movement or diarrhea
22
Q

What are signs of hyperthyroidism seen in the elderly?

A

CHF
Atrial fibrillation
Prox. muscle weakness

23
Q

What are signs of hyperthyroidism seen in children?

A

Accelerated linear growth

Eye signs are more common

24
Q

What is the ddx for hyperthyroidism?

A 
Anxiety
Malignancy
AIDS
Thyroiditis
Pheochromocytoma
25
Q

A benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form recognizable glandular structures or in which the cells are clearly derived from glandular epithelium

A

Adenoma

26
Q

What are symptoms of a thyroid adenoma?

A

Usually asymptomatic but can cause hypo/hyperthyroidism
Occasionally painful d/t growth, inflammation, or hemorrhage
Particularly large nodules can cause compression of adjacent structures
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis may be present

27
Q

M/C endocrine tumor?

A

Thyroid carcinoma

28
Q

M/C type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

29
Q

Rarest form of thyroid cancer?

A

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid

30
Q

What is the therapeutic mainstay for the tx of thyroid cancer?

A

Surgery

31
Q

Disorder that manifests in the form of primary adrenal insufficiency, which involves pathology in the adrenal glands themselves

A

Addison’s Disease

32
Q

What are symptoms of addison’s crisis?

A

Extreme hypotension

Circulatory collapse

33
Q

What are signs of Addison’s disease?

A

Hyperpigmentation (vitiligo)
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
Fever of unknown etiology

34
Q

What hormone is usually affected in Addison’s?

A

Cortisol

35
Q

What is the M/C cause of Addison’s?

A

Autoimmune destruction of gland

36
Q

Disease of excessive quantities of glucocorticoids, whether secreted by the adrenal cortex (endogenous) or administered (exogenous)

A

Cushing’s Disease

37
Q

What are symptoms of Cushing’s?

A 
Weakness assoc w/ prox. myopathy
LBP
Depressed mood
Emotional lability
Frank psychosis
Polyuria
Polydipsia
38
Q

This is a tumor of chromaffin cells which secrete carcholamines, predominately norepinephrine

A

Pheochromocytoma

39
Q

What is the ddx for pheochromocytoma?

A

Essential HTN
Anxiety disorder
Intracranial lesions
Thyrotoxicosis

40
Q

What is the M/C cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient population?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

CPE (3 decks)

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