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CPE > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Leading cause of heart transplant

A

Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

What is the M:F affected by dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

3:1 male to female (M/C in african americans)

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3
Q

What is a risk factor for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Alcoholism

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4
Q

Type of cardiomyopathy that has a genetic correlation thus its progression can’t be slowed

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

This often follows an upper respiratory tract infection

A

Myocarditis

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6
Q

What is the M/C form of infectious myocarditis?

A

Viral myocarditis

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7
Q

Viral myocarditis is usually caused by what organism?

A

Coxsackie viruses

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8
Q

How is myocarditis treated?

A

Many cases resolve spontaneously, but may deteriorate & lead to dilated cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

How is endocarditis diagnosed?

A

Duke criteria: 2 major criteria or 1 major & 3 minor or 5 minor criteria

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10
Q

What are the Major Duke Criteria?

A

Typical micoorganisms identified
Persistently positive blood culture
Positive ECG
New valvular regurgitation murmur

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11
Q

What are the Minor Duke Criteria?

A 
Predisposing condition
Fever >100.4 (consistent)
Blood Tests
ECG suggestive but not positive
Vascular Phenomenon
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12
Q

Symptoms assoc. w/ acute pericarditis?

A

Systemic symptoms of viral infection
Central chest pain radiating to either side of neck
Chest pain may be relieved by leaning forward
Friction rubs on ECG (pathoneumonic)

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13
Q

Symptoms assoc. w/ chronic pericarditis?

A

Painless (no chest pain)

Dyspnea & fatigue along w/ signs of L & R heart failure

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14
Q

What is the hallmark of chronic pericarditis?

A

Onset of dyspnea

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15
Q

This sign assoc. w/ chronic pericarditis is marked neck vein swelling during inspiration

A

Kusmal’s sign

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16
Q

What is the Classic Triad assoc. w/ pericarditis?

A

Raised jugular venous pressure
Pulsus paradoxis
Hypotension

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17
Q

What organisms cause pericarditis?

A

Coxsackievirus

Echovirus

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18
Q

What is the ddx assoc. w/ pericarditis?

A 
Acute MI
Dissection of thoracic aorta
Pleurisy
Musculoskeletal chest pain
L & R ventricular failure
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19
Q

Type of aneursym assoc. w/ aortic valve disease & HTN

A

Aortic dissection

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20
Q

This type of aneurysm is M/C in the abdominal aorta

A

Non-dissecting (Dilatatory)

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21
Q

How is an abdominal aneurysm often diagnosed?

A

Incidental finding on abdominal radiograph

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22
Q

Disruption of the normal rhythm of the cardiac cycle is called what?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

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23
Q

What types of factors can cause ventricular arrhythmias?

A

Caffeine
Alchohol
Cigarette smoking
Anxiety

24
Q

This test is useful for determining presence of cardiovascular disease, not useful for ruling out the possibility of CVA’s occurring after C-spine adjustment

A

George’s Test

25
Q

Chronic peripheral manifestation of atherosclerosis, usually affecting the lower limbs

A

Peripheral vascular disease

26
Q

Signs/Symptoms of mild PVD?

A

Pulses are decreased or absent distal to occlusion (dorsalis pedis is congentially absent in up to 10% of pop.)

27
Q

Signs/Symptoms of severe PVD?

A

Non-healing sores or gangrenous lesions

Ischemic ulcers usually distal to ankle & taking >6wks to heal

28
Q

What is the ddx for PVD?

A

Spinal Stenosis

29
Q

What medicine is effective for chronic management of PVD but not sufficient in acute emergencies?

A

Aspirin

30
Q

What disease is assoc. w/ Virchow’s Triad?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

31
Q

What is Virchow’s Triad?

A

Vascular damage
Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability

32
Q

Risk factors for developing varicose veins?

A 
Obesity
Low activity level
Family history
Aging
Standing for long periods
Pregnancy
Oral contraceptive use
Restrictive clothing
33
Q

This decreases when lung is deflected away from the thorax wall

A

Fremitus (Palpable vibration)

34
Q

What is collapse of a lung called?

A

Atelectasis

35
Q

What is collection of air around a lung called?

A

Pneumothorax

36
Q

What is fluid b/w lung & cavity called?

A

Pleural effusion

37
Q

What causes fremitus to increase?

A

When lung tissue is in contact w/ the thorax wall is conolidated

38
Q

What would cause consolidation increasing fremitus?

A

Pulmonary congestion
Pulmonary fibrosis
Infection (Pneumonia, Neoplasm, Abscess)

39
Q

What is blocking a vessel in the lung called?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

40
Q

Where do a majority of PE originate?

A

Thrombi in the leg veins

41
Q

What part of the thorax are vesicular sounds heard?

A

Over peripheral fields

42
Q

Where are bronchovesicular sounds heard in the thorax?

A

Over mid-lung fields

43
Q

Where are bronchial sounds heard in the thorax?

A

Over main-stem bronchi

44
Q

What type of sound is made by fluid in the lung causing tissues to stick together when lung empties?

A

Crackles (fine crackles - distal & coarse crackles - prox)

45
Q

What sound is caused by air flowing through narrow passageway?

A

Rhonchi/wheezes (Sonorous - low pitch & Sibilant - high pitch)

46
Q

This is caused by irritated/inflamed pleura during gliding or breathing

A

Pleural friction rub

47
Q

A cough that has a central, dry, barking quality?

A

Tracheal

48
Q

A cough that is lower pitched, rumbling, productive , or non-productive

A

Bronchial

49
Q

A cough that is assoc. w/ nasal secretions, sinus drainage, etc.

A

Pharyngeal

50
Q

Cough known as a “Death Rattle”; caused by inability to dislodge secretions

A

Non-effective cough

51
Q

Rust/prune juice sputum is caused by what?

A

Pneumococcal

52
Q

Pink/frothy sputum is caused by what?

A

pulmonary edema

53
Q

Yellow/green sputum is caused by what?

A

Bacterial pneumonia

54
Q

Currant Jelly sputum is caused by what?

A

Klebsialla pneumonia

55
Q

Mucoid/Viscous sputum is caused by what?

A

Asthma

56
Q

3-layered sputum is caused by what?

A

Bronchiectasis

CPE (3 decks)

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