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Biology final > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The hereditary material found in all cells is

A

DNA

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2
Q

If the protein coat of a virus that infects a bacterium is labeled with radioactive sulfur and the DNA of the virus is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, over time only the

A

phosphorus will be found inside the bacterium.

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3
Q

The individual(s) credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA is (are)

A

James Watson and Francis Crick.

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4
Q

The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of

A

Thymine in DNA

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5
Q

Which of the following have nitrogenous bases correctly paired in DNA?

A

adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine.

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6
Q

A nucleotide contains

A

DNA and RNA

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?

A

contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

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8
Q

The enzyme that is used to join complementary DNA nucleotides together is

A

DNA polymerase.

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9
Q

Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called

A

Semi-conservation.

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10
Q

In semiconservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have

A

one new and one old strand in each helix.

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11
Q

A gene is physically located on a _____ in the nucleus of a cell.

A

Chromosome.

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about RNA?

A

RNA forms a helix.

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13
Q

Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA, not in DNA?

A

Uracil.

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14
Q

The function of transfer RNA is to

A

carry amino acids to ribosomes.

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of gene expression?

A

Replication.

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16
Q

Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information from the nucleus as it is needed for the construction of a protein?

A

Messenger RNA.

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17
Q

Prior to protein synthesis, the DNA serves as a template for the production of

A

mRNA

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18
Q

In modern biochemical genetics, the flow of inherited information is from

A

DNA → RNA → protein.

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19
Q

If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences?

A

TTCGTT

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20
Q

During the process of transcription, the information in DNA is converted into

A

RNA information.

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21
Q

Which is the process by which a protein is constructed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

A

Transition.

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22
Q

Which is the process that synthesizes mRNA?

A

Translation.

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23
Q

Which is NOT true about the genetic code?

A

It is exactly the same in all organisms.

24
Q

The ____ of a tRNA molecule will base-pair with the codon of a mRNA molecule.

A

Anticodon.

25
Q

The correct sequence of events in the production of a polypeptide is

A

initiation → elongation → termination

26
Q

The site of translation is the

A

Ribosome.

27
Q

A man is color blind. What is the likelihood that his son will be color blind because of him?

A

50%

28
Q

Assume that having three nostrils is inherited as a Y-linked trait. A man with three nostrils has a daughter who has a son with a man who has only two nostrils. What is the probability that the three-nostriled man’s grandson has three nostrils?

A

0%

29
Q

Hemophilia in humans is due to an X-chromosome mutation. What will be the results of mating between a normal (non-carrier) female and a hemophilac male?

A

Daughters will be the carriers and the sons will be normal.

30
Q

A human female “carrier” who is heterozygous for the recessive, sex-linked trait causing hemophilia gets married to a normal male. What proportion of their male progeny will be hemophiliac?

A

50%

31
Q

Women have sex chromosomes of XX, and men have sex chromosomes of XY. Which of a man’s grandparents could not be the source of any of the genes on his Y-chromosome?

A

Mothers mother.

32
Q

Women have sex chromosomes of XX, and men have sex chromosomes of XY. Which of a women’s grandparents could not be the source of any of the genes on either of her X-chromosomes?

A

Fathers father.

33
Q

In Mendel’s experiments, if the gene for tall (T) plants was incompletely dominant over the gene for short (t) plants, what would be the result of crossing two Tt plants?

A

1/4 would be tall; 1/2 intermediate height; 1/4 short.

34
Q

You have a form of a gene that gives you long eyelashes and another form that gives you short eyelashes. What is the term for the different forms of the gene?

A

Allele.

35
Q

Attached earlobes are dominant over detached earlobes. A father has attached earlobes and is homozygous for the trait. The mother has detached earlobes. What is the likelihood that their children will be heterozygous for the earlobe trait?

A

25%

36
Q

Living organisms are assigned to groups based upon

A

their similarities and evolutionary relationships.

37
Q

________ is the discipline of indentifying and classifying organisms. Taxonomy.

A

taxonomy.

38
Q

Fossils are ___________.

A

mineralized bones of animals, plants pressed into shale, footprints, worm casts or preserved worm droppings.

39
Q

_____ structures are anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but are reduced and functionless in similar groups.

A

Vestigal.

40
Q

The main characteristics to consider when classifying living things are:

A

Type of cell, number of cells, method of acquiring nutrition.

41
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of Kingdom Monera?

A

Acquire nutrition by infecting host.

42
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of Kingdom Protista?

A

They are bacterias.

43
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of Kingdom Fungi?

A

Eat living things.

44
Q

The Categories of Classification rank high to low from least inclusive to most inclusive.

A

True.

45
Q

The correct binomial name for humans is?

A

Homo sapiens.

46
Q

Charles Darwin was the first to demonstrate that changes to phenotype acquired during an individuals lifetime result in genetic changes that are heritable.

A

True.

47
Q

occurs over a long period of time. Happens to populatios not individuals.

A

Evolution

48
Q

______ is changes in allele frequencies in a population or evolutionary change within populations.

A

Microevolution.

49
Q

______ has occurred when there is a change in gene pool frequencies.

A

Microevolution.

50
Q

______ provides new alleles and therefore underlies all other mechanisms that produce variation.

A

Mutation.

51
Q

In nature, ______ lead(s) to small populations in which genetic drift drastically affects gene pool frequencies.

A

Founder effect and bottleneck effect.

52
Q

Natural selection is the process by which populations become ______ to their environment

A

Adapted.

53
Q

Nonrandom mating occurs when individuals pair up, NOT by chance, but according to their

A

Genotypes or phenotypes.

54
Q

Some cancers have proven to be evolutionary beneficial.

A

True.

55
Q

There is scientific evidence of evolution within some species that have occurred during the human lifetime?

A

True.

Biology final (3 decks)

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