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Biology final > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Fluid-Mosaic Model helps to explain how a cell maintains

A

homeostasis.

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2
Q

Cell membranes are composed of

A

Phospholipids and protein.

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3
Q

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is:

A

Diffusion

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4
Q

The movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is:

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

Why is it dangerous to put blood cells in a hypotonic solution?

A

The cells may explode

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6
Q

Endocytosis is responsible for removal of items from the cell?

A

False.

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an animal plasma membrane?

A

Responsible for the synthesis of ATP.

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8
Q

A combines with a substance and helps to move it across the membrane.

A

carrier protein.

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9
Q

Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to facilitated transport?

A

Requires the expenditure of energy.

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10
Q

Which process will transport sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

A

Active transport.

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11
Q

Large amoeboid-type cells remove viruses and worn-out red blood cells by a process called

A

Phagocytosis.

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12
Q

The process that requires a vesicle to fuse with the membrane, thereupon discharging its contents, is called

A

exocytosis.

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13
Q

Because certain substances can move across the membrane while others cannot, the plasma membrane is considered

A

selectively permeable.

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14
Q

Which of the following connect plasma membranes between adjacent cells together, producing a zipper-like fastening?

A

Tight junctions.

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15
Q

Enzymes do what to the process of sugar in your cupboard breaking down into carbon dioxide and water?

A

Speed up.

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16
Q

Enzymes can be found in

A

Saliva.

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17
Q

What is ATP?

A

Our genetic currency.

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18
Q

Which of the following is a site of ATP synthesis?

A

Mitochondria.

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19
Q

A factor that affects enzyme activity is:

A

Temperature, PH, substrate concentration.

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20
Q

A function of ATP is:

A

Mechanical work, transport work, chemical work.

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21
Q

Energy can be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

A

False.

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22
Q

Which of the following organisms do NOT carry on photosynthesis?

A

Animals.

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23
Q

The correct description of the relationship between photosynthesis and the living world is

A

all heterotrophs are ultimately dependent upon food produced by autotrophs.

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24
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum contains

A

only visible wavelengths of light, from violet to red.

25
Q

On the visible spectrum, energy content of light is greatest for

A

Violet.

26
Q

As leaves lose their color in the fall, carotenoids are the pigments that account for fall color.

A

True.

27
Q

The membranous system of flattened sacs within the stroma are

A

Thylakoids.

28
Q

Which type of reactions begin after the thylakoids absorb solar energy?

A

Light reactions

29
Q

Which of the following molecules is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis and used in the Calvin cycle reactions?

A

NADPH and ATP

30
Q

NADPH and ATP are used in the

A

light reactions of photosynthesis.

31
Q

In which photosynthetic reaction is carbon dioxide reduced to form a carbohydrate?

A

Light.

32
Q

Thylakoids and grana are found within organelles called

A

Chloroplasts.

33
Q

The ability of plants, algae, and a few kinds of bacteria to make their own food in the presence of sunlight is called

A

Photosynthesis.

34
Q

What moves electrons from carrier to carrier, and energy is released and stored for ATP production.

A

Electron transport chain.

35
Q

Which molecule represents the end product of the Calvin cycle?

A

G3P

36
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A

During the daylight hours, the rate of photosynthesis is less than the rate of aerobic cellular respiration, resulting in a net decrease of glucose.

37
Q

Small openings found on a leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter are called?

A

Stomata.

38
Q

Which of the following molecules will diffuse out of the cell, enter the bloodstream, and be released from the lungs during aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Cardon dioxide.

39
Q

Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell?

A

Glycolysis.

40
Q

During aerobic cellular respiration, which molecule originates from the digestive system?

A

Glucose.

41
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Cells are able to utilize all the energy from glucose when released in one burst.

42
Q

Pyruvate is the end product of the

A

Glycolysis reactions.

43
Q

Glycolysis can be used in both aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation.

A

True.

44
Q

Which of the following statements about the preparatory reaction is NOT correct?

A

It links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.

45
Q

Which of the following pathways will result in carbon dioxide and NADH being released but not ATP?

A

Preparatory reaction.

46
Q
  1. Which pathway will result in the production of four carbon dioxide molecules, two ATP molecules, NADH and FADH2?
A

Citric acid cycle.

47
Q

Which of the following molecules is NOT formed as a result of the citric acid cycle during aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Water.

48
Q

Which molecule will combine with the four-carbon oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle to form the six-carbon citrate?

A

Acetyl-CoA

49
Q

Which molecule is the final acceptor of electrons at the end of the electron transport system in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen.

50
Q

Which of the following overall equations represents aerobic cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —–> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

51
Q

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to

A

Pyruvate.

52
Q

The NET result of a single glycolysis run is the formation of

A

2 NADH and 2 ATP.

53
Q

Under anaerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is converted to

A

Lactic acid.

54
Q

During glycolysis, a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate molecule is split into two 3-carbon sugar phosphate molecules.

A

True.

55
Q

Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted to

A

Acetyl-CoA

56
Q

A single “turn” of the Krebs cycle will yield

A

1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

57
Q

The initial reaction of the Krebs cycle involves

A

involves the addition of a 2-carbon molecule to a 4-carbon molecule.

58
Q

During aerobic respiration, the last carrier protein transfers a pair of electrons to

A

oxygen.

59
Q

The function of the enzyme ATP synthase is to

A

accept a proton from inside the cell membrane as it accepts electrons.

Biology final (3 decks)

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