Test 3 Flashcards
single leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Diabetic Nephropathy
In this disease Chronic hyperglycemic causes progressive damage to the glomerular basement membranes of the kidneys
Diabetic Nephropathy
When Diabetic Neuropathy progresses to the point where the patient cannot feel injuries to their distal joints.
Charcot’s joints
accounts for the majority of diabetic deaths
CHD / Cerebrovascular Disease / PVD or strokes
This term refers to a pattern of high morning sugars preceded by an episode of hypoglycemia.
Somogyi Effect
Characterized by reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin developing between 5:00-8:00 AM. This phenomenon is thought to be evoked by GH and/or cortisol secretion.
Dawn Phenomenon
Meds that Stimulate the pancreas to make more endogenous insulin
- Sulfonylureas (SUs)
- Meglitinides
- GLP-1 mimetics
- DPP-4 inhibitors
Meds that Increase tissue sensitivity to circulating insulin
- Biguanides (Metformin)
* Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
Meds that Get Glucose Out Of the Body (GOOB)
Via the intestine, AGIs
Via the kidneys, SGLT-2 inhibitor
Failure of the testes to descend results in
cryptorchidism
Exchange of heat occurs between blood vessels keeping the testes cool
Pampiniform plexus
Each spermatogonium undergoes a series of mitotic and meiotic divisions that ultimately results in_____ spermatozoa.
16
Secretes a fluid rich in citrate, calcium and enzymes; slightly alkaline
Prostate Gland
Secrete a fluid rich in citrate, prostaglandins, fructose & HCO3-
Seminal Vesicles
Secrete a fluid rich in mucus & HCO3-
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s glands)
This is a process in which inhibitory factors in the seminal fluid are washed free, cholesterol is withdrawn from the sperm membrane, and surface proteins are redistributed.
capacitation
Small granules in the ovum release Ca++ into the cortical space – this does two things: it makes the zona pellucida “hard” & it inactivates the zona pellucida receptors
cortical granule reaction
