Test 3

Question 1

single leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Answer 1

Diabetic Nephropathy

Question 2

In this disease Chronic hyperglycemic causes progressive damage to the glomerular basement membranes of the kidneys

Answer 2

Diabetic Nephropathy

Question 3

When Diabetic Neuropathy progresses to the point where the patient cannot feel injuries to their distal joints.

Answer 3

Charcot’s joints

Question 4

accounts for the majority of diabetic deaths

Answer 4

CHD / Cerebrovascular Disease / PVD or strokes

Question 5

This term refers to a pattern of high morning sugars preceded by an episode of hypoglycemia.

Answer 5

Somogyi Effect

Question 6

Characterized by reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin developing between 5:00-8:00 AM. This phenomenon is thought to be evoked by GH and/or cortisol secretion.

Answer 6

Dawn Phenomenon

Question 7

Meds that Stimulate the pancreas to make more endogenous insulin

Answer 7

• Sulfonylureas (SUs)
• Meglitinides
• GLP-1 mimetics
• DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 8

Meds that Increase tissue sensitivity to circulating insulin

Answer 8

• Biguanides (Metformin)

* Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)

Question 9

Meds that Get Glucose Out Of the Body (GOOB)

Answer 9

Via the intestine, AGIs

Via the kidneys, SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 10

Failure of the testes to descend results in

Answer 10

cryptorchidism

Question 11

Exchange of heat occurs between blood vessels keeping the testes cool

Answer 11

Pampiniform plexus

Question 12

Each spermatogonium undergoes a series of mitotic and meiotic divisions that ultimately results in_____ spermatozoa.

Answer 12

16

Question 13

Secretes a fluid rich in citrate, calcium and enzymes; slightly alkaline

Answer 13

Prostate Gland

Question 14

Secrete a fluid rich in citrate, prostaglandins, fructose & HCO3-

Answer 14

Seminal Vesicles

Question 15

Secrete a fluid rich in mucus & HCO3-

Answer 15

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s glands)

Question 16

This is a process in which inhibitory factors in the seminal fluid are washed free, cholesterol is withdrawn from the sperm membrane, and surface proteins are redistributed.

Answer 16

capacitation

Question 17

Small granules in the ovum release Ca++ into the cortical space – this does two things: it makes the zona pellucida “hard” & it inactivates the zona pellucida receptors

Answer 17

cortical granule reaction