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bio 201 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A neuron exclusively uses glucose to produce energy if carbohydrates are unavailable to this cell it will get its glucose from a reaction called

A

Gluconeogenesis

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2
Q

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bond to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid but only to certain ones this property is called

A

Specificity

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3
Q

The refractory period

A

Limits the rate then your neuron can depolarize has an absolute and relative portion and occurs when the EPSPs reach threshold

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4
Q

Which of the following can speed up this chemical reaction in a water solvent

A

Heat the solution and add a catalyst

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5
Q

Action potentials that control your hand muscles while writing travel through the blank tract

A

Corticospinal

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6
Q

Which of the following are functions of the spinal cord

A

Locomotion pathway for afferent and if efferent action potential’s and reflexes

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7
Q

Melanocytes

A

Are distributed in the stratum basale produce a substance called melanin and provide protection from ultraviolet radiation

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8
Q

A neuron fires an action potential when it’s membrane reaches

A

The threshold potential

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9
Q

Ependymal cells secrete blank to nourish and Cushion the blank

A

Cerebrospinal fluid, CNS

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10
Q

The voltage gates that trigger first are located

A

At the trigger zone/axon hillock

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11
Q

Temporal summation describes

A

Changing the frequency of action potential’s leading to post synaptic cell

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12
Q

An action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal knob causes

A

Voltage gated calcium ion channels to open and calcium ions to diffuse into the cell

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13
Q

Nervous tissue consist predominately of two types of cells neurons and blank

A

Neuroglia

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14
Q

A collection of neuron somas in the peripheral nervous system is called a blank and a collection of neuron somas in the central nervous system is called a blank

A

Ganglia, nucleus

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15
Q

Action potential’s travel at their fastest conduction velocities in

A

Large diametered myelinated axon

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16
Q

This term is used to describe how an action potential is propagated down a myelinated axon

A

Salatory conduction

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17
Q

Which of the following compounds binds like a ligand to a sodium channel

A

Nicotine

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18
Q

At the distal end of the neuron action potentials have the same voltage/amplitude they had at the trigger zone that means they are

A

Non decremental

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19
Q

Local potential’s are blank meaning they vary in magnitude according to the strength of the stimulus

A

Graded

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20
Q

What type of current flows through the axon plasma membrane during the steep phase of repolarization

A

Chiefly a potassium current

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21
Q

This cell acts as a macrophage in the CNS

A

Microglia

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22
Q

The cell is capable of producing an action potential

A

Neuron

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23
Q

This cell nourishes the neurons and protects the brain from harmful chemicals

A

Astrocyte

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24
Q

This cell produces myelin in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocyte

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25
Q

If the membrane potential for neuron becomes more electronegative than it was at rest the neuron is said to be blank and is blank excitable

A

Hyperpolarized, less

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26
Q

An action potential generates local currents that tend to blank the membrane immediately adjacent to the action potential

A

Depolarize

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27
Q

Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis

A

Collagen and fibroblast

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28
Q

You can juggle three objects while walking this is the blank memory

A

Procedural

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29
Q

Osmoreceptors and photo receptors carry blank information towards the blank nervous system

A

Afferent, central

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30
Q

The opening of blank gates on a soma would produce an blank

A

Cl- and IPSP

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31
Q

Postsynaptic potential’s

A

Result from the opening of chemically gated ion channels, maybe depolarizing or hyperpolarizing, may be summed

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32
Q

What is primarily responsible for the large negative stable resting membrane potential

A

The permeability of K plus ions when the neuron is at rest

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33
Q

The outer connective tissue covering a peripheral nerve is called the

A

EpiNeurium

34
Q

In the equation I=V/R (ohms law) as it applies to a neuron:

A

V equals potential across a bilipid membrane R equals membrane permeability I equals flows of ions

35
Q

Third order neurons are found in the sensory nervous system and not the motor nervous system

A

True

36
Q

What type of bond involves unequal sharing of electrons

A

Polar covalent

37
Q

A synapse connects a neuron

A

To another neuron

38
Q

Monoamine oxidase

A

Is an enzyme

39
Q

A neuron is firing action potential’s at its maximum rate of 250 per second what is the duration of its absolute refractory period

A

4 msec

40
Q

A neurotransmitter

A

Is synthesized in the soma of the cell and is stored in the synaptic knob in vesicles

41
Q

A reflex

A

Is a rapid automatic response to stimuli can control the movement of your hand off a hot stove and must have a sensory and motor component

42
Q

The cellular reaction responsible for production of glycogen from glucose monomers is called

A

Glycogenesis

43
Q

During the relative refactory period

A

It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with stronger/more EPSPs

44
Q

This class of lipid molecule is used primarily for fuel

A

Triglyceride

45
Q

The axon terminal’s of a neuron and the Planalemma of a gland cell join at the

A

Neuroglandular junction

46
Q

A neuron is firing action potentials at its maximum rate of 250 per second what is the duration of its absolute refractory period

A

4 msec

47
Q

What happens as a result of calcium ion flow at the presynaptic terminal

A

Synaptic vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane and release of acetylcholine

48
Q

This type of Cartlidge covers the epipysis of endochandral bones

A

Hyaline cartilage

49
Q

What property of neurons allows them to communicate across the synapse

A

Excitability

50
Q

Conduction of a nerve impulse would be the slowest in which of the following

A

A small diameter un mylinated fiber

51
Q

This cell produces Mylan in the PNS

A

Schwann

52
Q

This cell nourishes neurons and protects the brain from harmful chemicals

A

Astrocyte

53
Q

This cell lines the cavities of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid

A

Ependymal cell

54
Q

This cell acts as a macrophage in the CNS

A

Microglia

55
Q

Action potentials that carry deep tissue injury signals to the brain travel through the blank pathway

A

Spinoreticular

56
Q

Which of the following compounds can stimulate sodium ligand gates

A

Acetylcholine

57
Q

An action potential generates local currents that tend to blank the membrane immediately adjacent to the action potential

A

Depolarize

58
Q

RNA plays a role in

A

Synthesizing proteins and copying instructions from DNA

59
Q

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine in a synaptic cleft

A

Acetylcholinesterase

60
Q

A blank gate must open to effectively release blank to transmit an action potential across the synapse

A

Calcium voltage gate, neurotransmitter

61
Q

Calcitriol formation is stimulated by

A

UV light

62
Q

The most relevant free energy in the human body is the energy stored in

A

Covalent bonds of organic molecules

63
Q

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system is called a blank and a bundle of axons in the peripheral neverous system is called a blank

A

Tract, nerve

64
Q

Post tetanic potentiation

A

Results in short-term memory is due to excess or residual calcium in the synaptic knob after a tetanic stimulus stops and temporarily alters the resting membrane potential of the neuron

65
Q

The secretions of an osteoclast include blank and function to blank

A

Hydrogen ions acid phosphatase, digest calcium salts and collagen

66
Q

Which of the following ions has the greatest permeability in a resting neuron

A

Potassium

67
Q

Saltatory conduction is a term that describes

A

The action potential as it jumps between Myalin nodes

68
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce a substance called sebum that is rich in protein and fatty acids and are holocrine glands

69
Q

You take 100 words per minute this is an example of blank memory

A

Procedural

70
Q

This type of gate allows sodium ions into the cell always produces an EPSP

A

Nicotinic

71
Q

20 EPSP’s per second are delivered to a post synaptic sell at the same moment 15 IPSPs per second are delivered the result is

A

Depolarization

72
Q

if both presynaptic neuron’s add five more action potential’s per second this is an example of blank

A

Temporal or frequency summation

73
Q

Which of the following are not characteristics of an action potential

A

Decay along the length of an axon

74
Q

Mechanoreceptors and chemo receptors carry blank information towards the blank nervous system

A

Afferent, central

75
Q

A neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft when blank enters the synaptic knob and is broken down by blank on the postsynaptic membrane

A

Calcium, an enzyme

76
Q

The locomotion function of the spinal cord is possible due to

A

Self perpetuating/triggering circuits known as central pattern generators

77
Q

What a neuron summates enough EPSPs to reach threshold

A

Voltage regulated sodium gates open

78
Q

Hypocalcemia will cause the following changes in neuron function

A

The neuron cannot release a neurotransmitter

79
Q

The absolute refractory period

A

Prevents an action potential from traveling toward the soma

80
Q

An action potential is always the same amplitude because

A

The sodium voltage gates are open for A specific length of time and it exhibits the all or none characteristic

81
Q

A reflex

A

Must have a sensory and motor component can control the movement of your hand off a hot stove and is a rapid automatic response to stimuli

82
Q

This reaction is necessary if circulating glucose is unavailable to a neuron

A

Glyconeogenesis

bio 201 (3 decks)

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