test 2 Flashcards
The formation of glucose monomers from glycogen is an osteocyte is termed
Glycogenolysis
This type of Cartlidge has both elastin and collagen protein fibers
Fibrocartilage
Which of the following do not influence the rate of diffusion through a membrane
ATP concentration
A long bone is covered externally with A sheath called the blank where as the marrow cavity is lined with the blank
Periosteum, endosteum
These glands are found in axillary regions of the body and become active at puberty
Apocrine
The functional unit of a bone is called the
Osteon
Blank epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well-suited to resist stress as seen in the blank
Nonkeratinized, vagina
Which of the following statements is false about epithelium
Epithelial cells secrete collagen
In thermoregulation involving the integument increased blood flow to the dermal layer proceeds sweat gland excretion
True
Which of the following can speed up this chemical reaction in a water solvent (A+B->AB)
Heat the solution and add a catalyst
What activates acid phosphatase
Hydrogen ions pumped by the osteoclast and a change in pH from neutral to acidic
Melanocytes
Are distributed in the stratum basale, produce a substance called melanin, and provide protection from UVR
The rubbery matrix of Cartlidge is secreted by blank where as blank produce the fibers and ground substances that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue
Chondroblast, fibroblast
This membrane lines a synovial capsule
Find answer
A protein designed to physically hold two epithelial cells together
Tight junction
Composed of at least two tissue types but usually all four
Organ
A group of cells designed to perform a specific function
Tissue
A serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity
Find answer
Which the following best describes the composition of the dermis
Collagen and fibroblast
The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to the presence of which pigment
Hemoglobin
A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of Cartlidge at the Epiphysis these two areas are
Articular Cartlidge and epiphyseal plate
Sebaceous glands
Produce a substance called sebum that is rich in protein and fatty acid’s and they are holocrine glands
Hair nails and glands are all made up of blank tissue the dominant protein and hair and nails is
Epithelial, keratin
Intra-membranous well information occurs in which of the following
Parietal bones
A good location to find a smooth muscle would be
Surrounding the digestive tract, connected to a hair follicle, surrounding blood vessels
Calcitriol/vitamin D formation is stimulated by
Parathyroid hormone UV light low blood calcium
Blank epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body where as blank epithelium is rare
Stratified squamous, stratified columnar
Nervous tissue consist predominately of these two types of cells neurons and
Neuroglia
All glands that release their products by the way the ducts rather than directly into the bloodstream are called blank glands
Exocrine
Which of the following are steps and bone healing or remodeling
Hematoma formation and soft callus formation
What type of cell does calcitonin activate
Osteoblast
The matrix of the connective tissue called bone is composed of blank and blank
A ground substance, protein inorganic salts, collagen and hydroxy appetite, collagen
This class of lipid molecule is found in the cell membrane and is the source of steroid hormones
Cholesterol
This hormone targets the osteoclast digestive tract and the kidney
Calcitriol
Osmosis is a special case of
None of the above
Thermo regulation on a hot day involves the blank glands to help reestablish
Merocrine
Collagen
Is a protein and is one component of a matrix
This cell secretes histamine and heparin in order to induce swelling of the dermis
Mast cell
Articular Cartlidge is composed of blank and is normally never replaced by osseous tissue why
Thin hyaline cartilage, these chondrocytes never die
The skeletal system provides all the following functions
To protect the viscera to produce blood to store and release minerals pH balance
What is not a function of the skeletal system
Excretion
All hollow organs we discussed in class are lined with a closed what membrane
False, mucus open/wet/digestive tract
Apocrine sweat glands
Are not activated until puberty respond to sexual stimulation and release their secretions into hair follicles
Histamine is a substance secreted by blank that functions to blank
Mast cells, vasudialation
A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the blank where is the yellow marrow cavity is lined with the blank
Periosteum, endosteum
ATP is hydrolysed when protein blank transfer solutes from outside of the cell to the inside this is a blank transport process
Pumps, active
A physiological tissue is best described as
A group of cells performing a specific function
A receptor proteins in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid but only to certain ones this property is called
Specificity
To help regulate body calcium levels bone has two reserves the disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it
Cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid
A group of cells designed to perform a specific function
Tissue
Designed to control the permeability of all substances that enter or leave the body
Epithelium
Composed of at least two tissue types but usually all four
Organ
A membrane that lines a closed cavity
Peritoneum
A serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity
Answer not listed
Hair nails and glands are made up of blank tissue the dominant protein and hair and nails is
Epithelial, keratin
Calcitriol formation is stimulated by
UV light
Which of the following statements are true about epithelial tissues
Epithelial tissues functions in absorption
When blank become enclosed in the lacunae they become cells called
Osteoblast, osteocytes
The functional unit of bone is called the
Osteon
Which of the following is an epidermal cells with the sensory function
Merkel/tactile cell
In endochondral bone formation
Cartilage matrix is replaced by bone matrix, osteoclasts dissolve in hyaline cartilage, osteoblast deposit hydroxy appetite
Which of the following ages would calcium loss from the bone be more than calcium deposits into bone even when a high calcium diet is eaten
50 years old
The secretions of an osteoclast include blank and function to blank
Hydrogen ions, acid phosphatase Digest calcium salts and collagen
Which of the following are catabolic reactions
Hydrolysis of ATP and glycogenolysis
What activates acid phosphatase
A change in ph from active transport and hydrogen ions
What becomes of most of the melanin protein after you stay out of the sun for a week or two
Catabolized by the keratinocytes in recycled
Sebaceous glands
Produce a substance called sebum that is rich in protein and fatty acid’s and they are holocrine glands
The matrix of the connective tissue called bone is composed of blank and blank
Hydroxy appetite and collagen
This type of Cartlidge covers the epiphysis of endochondral bones
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cell does calcitonin activate
Osteoblast
This hormone targets the osteocytes osteoblast in the kidney
Parathyroid hormone
Melanocytes are found in the
Stratum basale
Which of the following is not true and epithelial tissue
All of it cells are in direct contact to blood supply or vessel
The uppermost layer of the integument is
The epidermis
How is glucose transported through the plasma membrane
Facilitated diffusion
The cell secretes histamine and heparin in order to induce swelling of the dermis
Mast cell
The piloerector muscle
Is found in the dermis attached to a hair follicle, functions to raise the hair to regulate Thermoregulation, is responsible for goosebumps
Intramembranous bone formation occurs in which of the following
Parietal bone
They watery matrix of Cartlidge is secreted by blank where as blank produce the fibers and ground substance
Chondroblasts , fibroblast
The first step in tissue repair involves
Inflammation
How many types of tissue are their list them
Epithelium connective muscle and nervous
What are the six functions of epithelium
Protection excretion secretion absorption sensation filtration
What are the characteristics of epithelium
Protective one surface exposed to external environment one surface bound tightly band together highly mitotic avascular
What are the functions of connective tissue
Bind organs support protection immunity storage heat production transport
Types of connective tissue
Loose connective tissue dense connective tissue adipose Cartlidge bone blood
Involuntary located in the heart
Cardiac muscle tissue
Involuntary autonomic in digestive tract
Smooth muscle tissue
Voluntary excitable
Skeletal muscle tissue
Description of nervous tissue
Cellular tissue found in brain and spinal cord think of cell body and Somma
What are considered accessory organs
Hair nails and Cutaneous glands
What are the three functions of hair
Warmth sensory gaurd hairs and nonverbal communication
What is the muscle that is attached the hair follicle called
Arrector pili
What is the function of arector pili
Generates heat when body is cold muscle contracts causing the hair to stand up straight
What is the function of nails
Tools protection and ornaments
Begins as a protein free filtrate of blood plasma produced by deep secretory portion of gland
Sweat
What is sweat composed of
99% water potassium ions urea lactic acid ammonia and some sodium chloride
What are the two types of sweat glands
Merocrine and apocrine
Most numerous gangland three primary functions thermoregulation exclamation and protection located all throughout body but most prominent on hands feet and four head
Merocrine
Not active until puberty secrete pheromones found in pubic in axillary regions sent is meant to attract potential males ducts lead to nearby hair follicles
Apocrine
Examples of sebaceous glands
Holocrine gland and sebum
Modified apocrine sweat gland produces milk
Mammary glands
Produces Ear wax sticky guards hair pliable eardrum waterproofing and removing dead cells
ceruminous glands
Functions of the skeletal system
Support protection electrolyte balance movement acid-base balance hemopoeisis
What are the three types of Cartlidge
Hyaline fibro and elastic
Protein pure collagen tightly packed and smooth
HHyaline
Elastin and collagen protein is good with compression injury vertebral column disks and meniscus
Fibro
Elastin protein charcoal black and external ear
Elastic
What is a chondrocyte
A cell that has secreted the matrix of Cartlidge and become embedded in it
What is the matrix for a chondrocyte
Ground substance is chondrotin sulfate and minerals protein is collagen or elastin or both
What are the four types of osteoid cells
Osteogenic cells osteoblasts osteocyte osteoclasts
Stem cells found an Endosteum. Periosteum and central canals
Osteogenic cells
Deposit matrix young immature bone sell non-mitotic secrete matrix
Osteoblast
Mature cell maintain matrix connects nutrient supply and other cells
Osteocyte
Dissolve matrix
Osteoclast
What is the bone matrix made up of
Proteins collagen ground substance hydroxy appetite witches calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
Define bone metabolism
Response to stresses placed on the matrix
What are the four epidermal cells
Keratinocyte, tactile cells, melanocyte, Dendritic cells
Makes proteins/keratin
Keratinocytes
Sensory cells attached to a neuron in Stratum basale pressure sensitive create an electrical potential
Tactile cells
Everyone has same number of melanocytes darker people more active lighter people not as active differences how metabolically active they are produce melanin (pigment)
Melanocytes
Stationary macrophage in epidermis does not move ingest any type of foreign invader/phagocytosis
Dendritic cells
The formation of glucose from a lipid source is termed
Glyconeogenesis
The cells responsible for manufacturing and secreting acid phosphatase are
Osteoclasts
Intramembranous bone formation occurs in which of the following
Parietal bones of the skull
The ground substance of the matrix of hyaline Cartlidge is
Chondroitin sulfate
If a reaction has a high activation energy it may be overcome by
Adding energy from the hydrolysis of ATP you increasing the temperature of the solution and addition of a catalyst to the solution
Glucose moves into a cell primarily by facilitated diffusion another method of transport to move sugar into a cell against its concentration gradient is due to
A symport with na
Which of the following statements is/are true metabolic pathways
Occur in a precise stepwise series of chemical reactions and are controlled by enzyme activity
The Pilo arrector muscle
Is found in the dermis attached to a hair follicle and functions to raise the hair to aid in Thermo regulation
Which of the following are classified as lipid macromolecules
Cholesterol and steroids
In endochondral bone formation
Cartlidge matrix is replaced by bone matrix osteoclast dissolve in the hyaline cartilage osteoblast deposit hydroxyapatite
Parathyroid hormone does not
Lower blood calcium levels
Blank is fat soluble produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation and necessary for normal bone function
Vitamin D
If you tumor has stopped all secretion of hormones from the parathyroid gland we would expect
A reduced level of osteoclast activity
Sebaceous glands
Produce a substance called that is rich in protein and fatty acid and are holocrine glands
A fingernail is composed primarily of
Keratin
Which of the following are steps in bone healing or remodeling
Hematoma formation and hard callous formation
A Matrix is composed of
Protein fibers and ground substance
Which of the following are functions of bone tissue
Acid-base balance structural support for muscles and hemopoiesis
What is hemopoeisis
Making blood cells
How are apocrine glands secreted
Exocytosis
How are Merocrine glands secreted
Exocytosis
How are sebaceous glands secreted
By exploding
The energy for protein synthesis comes from
Hydrolysis of ATP
Blank tissue is very vascular where as blank tissue was not
Areolar, cartilaginous
Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except
Amino acids
A group of cells designed to preform a specific function
Tissue
Designed to control the permeability of all substances that enter or leave the body
Epithelium
Composed of at least two tissue types but usually all four
Organ
A membrane that lines a closed cavity
Peritoneum
A serous membrane found in the thorasic cavity
Parieta and visceral plura
What type of membrane is located in the digestive system
Smooth muscle
The avascular nature of epidermal cells forces the superficial cells to obtain nutrients by
Diffusion through cells located nearer to a blood supply
The secretions of an osteoclast include blank and function to blank
Hydrogen ions acid phosphatase digest calcium salts and collagen
Protein in the matrix of osseous tissue would be
Collagen
Among the cells secretions the proteins secretions
Chondrocyte
Histamine is a substance secreted by a blank that functions to blank
Mast cell, vasodilate blood vessels
What does a mast cell do
Produces histamine and heparin blood thinners
The smallest functional unit of a bone is called the
Osteon
One long bone meets another long bone at its
Epiphysis
This cavity is sometimes called the peritoneal cavity
Abdominal
Calcitriol is made from
A form of cholesterol
If a person is too hot and negative feedback loop involving blank glands will help reestablish homeostasis in the body temperature
Merocrine
Melanosites and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes
Accumulate the melanin granules in there superficial portion for the UV blocking pigment layer
What happens when you’re not in sun
Melanin is broken down to amino acids
What are tactile sells attached to
Neurons because their sensory
Where are dendritic cells found
Dermis
