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test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The formation of glucose monomers from glycogen is an osteocyte is termed

A

Glycogenolysis

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2
Q

This type of Cartlidge has both elastin and collagen protein fibers

A

Fibrocartilage

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3
Q

Which of the following do not influence the rate of diffusion through a membrane

A

ATP concentration

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4
Q

A long bone is covered externally with A sheath called the blank where as the marrow cavity is lined with the blank

A

Periosteum, endosteum

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5
Q

These glands are found in axillary regions of the body and become active at puberty

A

Apocrine

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6
Q

The functional unit of a bone is called the

A

Osteon

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7
Q

Blank epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well-suited to resist stress as seen in the blank

A

Nonkeratinized, vagina

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is false about epithelium

A

Epithelial cells secrete collagen

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9
Q

In thermoregulation involving the integument increased blood flow to the dermal layer proceeds sweat gland excretion

A

True

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10
Q

Which of the following can speed up this chemical reaction in a water solvent (A+B->AB)

A

Heat the solution and add a catalyst

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11
Q

What activates acid phosphatase

A

Hydrogen ions pumped by the osteoclast and a change in pH from neutral to acidic

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

Are distributed in the stratum basale, produce a substance called melanin, and provide protection from UVR

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13
Q

The rubbery matrix of Cartlidge is secreted by blank where as blank produce the fibers and ground substances that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue

A

Chondroblast, fibroblast

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14
Q

This membrane lines a synovial capsule

A

Find answer

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15
Q

A protein designed to physically hold two epithelial cells together

A

Tight junction

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16
Q

Composed of at least two tissue types but usually all four

A

Organ

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17
Q

A group of cells designed to perform a specific function

A

Tissue

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18
Q

A serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity

A

Find answer

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19
Q

Which the following best describes the composition of the dermis

A

Collagen and fibroblast

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20
Q

The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to the presence of which pigment

A

Hemoglobin

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21
Q

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of Cartlidge at the Epiphysis these two areas are

A

Articular Cartlidge and epiphyseal plate

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22
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce a substance called sebum that is rich in protein and fatty acid’s and they are holocrine glands

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23
Q

Hair nails and glands are all made up of blank tissue the dominant protein and hair and nails is

A

Epithelial, keratin

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24
Q

Intra-membranous well information occurs in which of the following

A

Parietal bones

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25
Q

A good location to find a smooth muscle would be

A

Surrounding the digestive tract, connected to a hair follicle, surrounding blood vessels

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26
Q

Calcitriol/vitamin D formation is stimulated by

A

Parathyroid hormone UV light low blood calcium

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27
Q

Blank epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body where as blank epithelium is rare

A

Stratified squamous, stratified columnar

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28
Q

Nervous tissue consist predominately of these two types of cells neurons and

A

Neuroglia

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29
Q

All glands that release their products by the way the ducts rather than directly into the bloodstream are called blank glands

A

Exocrine

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30
Q

Which of the following are steps and bone healing or remodeling

A

Hematoma formation and soft callus formation

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31
Q

What type of cell does calcitonin activate

A

Osteoblast

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32
Q

The matrix of the connective tissue called bone is composed of blank and blank

A

A ground substance, protein inorganic salts, collagen and hydroxy appetite, collagen

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33
Q

This class of lipid molecule is found in the cell membrane and is the source of steroid hormones

A

Cholesterol

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34
Q

This hormone targets the osteoclast digestive tract and the kidney

A

Calcitriol

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35
Q

Osmosis is a special case of

A

None of the above

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36
Q

Thermo regulation on a hot day involves the blank glands to help reestablish

A

Merocrine

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37
Q

Collagen

A

Is a protein and is one component of a matrix

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38
Q

This cell secretes histamine and heparin in order to induce swelling of the dermis

A

Mast cell

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39
Q

Articular Cartlidge is composed of blank and is normally never replaced by osseous tissue why

A

Thin hyaline cartilage, these chondrocytes never die

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40
Q

The skeletal system provides all the following functions

A

To protect the viscera to produce blood to store and release minerals pH balance

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41
Q

What is not a function of the skeletal system

A

Excretion

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42
Q

All hollow organs we discussed in class are lined with a closed what membrane

A

False, mucus open/wet/digestive tract

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43
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Are not activated until puberty respond to sexual stimulation and release their secretions into hair follicles

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44
Q

Histamine is a substance secreted by blank that functions to blank

A

Mast cells, vasudialation

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45
Q

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the blank where is the yellow marrow cavity is lined with the blank

A

Periosteum, endosteum

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46
Q

ATP is hydrolysed when protein blank transfer solutes from outside of the cell to the inside this is a blank transport process

A

Pumps, active

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47
Q

A physiological tissue is best described as

A

A group of cells performing a specific function

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48
Q

A receptor proteins in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid but only to certain ones this property is called

A

Specificity

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49
Q

To help regulate body calcium levels bone has two reserves the disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it

A

Cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid

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50
Q

A group of cells designed to perform a specific function

A

Tissue

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51
Q

Designed to control the permeability of all substances that enter or leave the body

A

Epithelium

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52
Q

Composed of at least two tissue types but usually all four

A

Organ

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53
Q

A membrane that lines a closed cavity

A

Peritoneum

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54
Q

A serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity

A

Answer not listed

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55
Q

Hair nails and glands are made up of blank tissue the dominant protein and hair and nails is

A

Epithelial, keratin

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56
Q

Calcitriol formation is stimulated by

A

UV light

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57
Q

Which of the following statements are true about epithelial tissues

A

Epithelial tissues functions in absorption

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58
Q

When blank become enclosed in the lacunae they become cells called

A

Osteoblast, osteocytes

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59
Q

The functional unit of bone is called the

A

Osteon

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60
Q

Which of the following is an epidermal cells with the sensory function

A

Merkel/tactile cell

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61
Q

In endochondral bone formation

A

Cartilage matrix is replaced by bone matrix, osteoclasts dissolve in hyaline cartilage, osteoblast deposit hydroxy appetite

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62
Q

Which of the following ages would calcium loss from the bone be more than calcium deposits into bone even when a high calcium diet is eaten

A

50 years old

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63
Q

The secretions of an osteoclast include blank and function to blank

A

Hydrogen ions, acid phosphatase Digest calcium salts and collagen

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64
Q

Which of the following are catabolic reactions

A

Hydrolysis of ATP and glycogenolysis

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65
Q

What activates acid phosphatase

A

A change in ph from active transport and hydrogen ions

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66
Q

What becomes of most of the melanin protein after you stay out of the sun for a week or two

A

Catabolized by the keratinocytes in recycled

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67
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce a substance called sebum that is rich in protein and fatty acid’s and they are holocrine glands

68
Q

The matrix of the connective tissue called bone is composed of blank and blank

A

Hydroxy appetite and collagen

69
Q

This type of Cartlidge covers the epiphysis of endochondral bones

A

Hyaline cartilage

70
Q

What type of cell does calcitonin activate

A

Osteoblast

71
Q

This hormone targets the osteocytes osteoblast in the kidney

A

Parathyroid hormone

72
Q

Melanocytes are found in the

A

Stratum basale

73
Q

Which of the following is not true and epithelial tissue

A

All of it cells are in direct contact to blood supply or vessel

74
Q

The uppermost layer of the integument is

A

The epidermis

75
Q

How is glucose transported through the plasma membrane

A

Facilitated diffusion

76
Q

The cell secretes histamine and heparin in order to induce swelling of the dermis

A

Mast cell

77
Q

The piloerector muscle

A

Is found in the dermis attached to a hair follicle, functions to raise the hair to regulate Thermoregulation, is responsible for goosebumps

78
Q

Intramembranous bone formation occurs in which of the following

A

Parietal bone

79
Q

They watery matrix of Cartlidge is secreted by blank where as blank produce the fibers and ground substance

A

Chondroblasts , fibroblast

80
Q

The first step in tissue repair involves

A

Inflammation

81
Q

How many types of tissue are their list them

A

Epithelium connective muscle and nervous

82
Q

What are the six functions of epithelium

A

Protection excretion secretion absorption sensation filtration

83
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelium

A

Protective one surface exposed to external environment one surface bound tightly band together highly mitotic avascular

84
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue

A

Bind organs support protection immunity storage heat production transport

85
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Loose connective tissue dense connective tissue adipose Cartlidge bone blood

86
Q

Involuntary located in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

87
Q

Involuntary autonomic in digestive tract

A

Smooth muscle tissue

88
Q

Voluntary excitable

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

89
Q

Description of nervous tissue

A

Cellular tissue found in brain and spinal cord think of cell body and Somma

90
Q

What are considered accessory organs

A

Hair nails and Cutaneous glands

91
Q

What are the three functions of hair

A

Warmth sensory gaurd hairs and nonverbal communication

92
Q

What is the muscle that is attached the hair follicle called

A

Arrector pili

93
Q

What is the function of arector pili

A

Generates heat when body is cold muscle contracts causing the hair to stand up straight

94
Q

What is the function of nails

A

Tools protection and ornaments

95
Q

Begins as a protein free filtrate of blood plasma produced by deep secretory portion of gland

A

Sweat

96
Q

What is sweat composed of

A

99% water potassium ions urea lactic acid ammonia and some sodium chloride

97
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands

A

Merocrine and apocrine

98
Q

Most numerous gangland three primary functions thermoregulation exclamation and protection located all throughout body but most prominent on hands feet and four head

A

Merocrine

99
Q

Not active until puberty secrete pheromones found in pubic in axillary regions sent is meant to attract potential males ducts lead to nearby hair follicles

A

Apocrine

100
Q

Examples of sebaceous glands

A

Holocrine gland and sebum

101
Q

Modified apocrine sweat gland produces milk

A

Mammary glands

102
Q

Produces Ear wax sticky guards hair pliable eardrum waterproofing and removing dead cells

A

ceruminous glands

103
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Support protection electrolyte balance movement acid-base balance hemopoeisis

104
Q

What are the three types of Cartlidge

A

Hyaline fibro and elastic

105
Q

Protein pure collagen tightly packed and smooth

A

HHyaline

106
Q

Elastin and collagen protein is good with compression injury vertebral column disks and meniscus

A

Fibro

107
Q

Elastin protein charcoal black and external ear

A

Elastic

108
Q

What is a chondrocyte

A

A cell that has secreted the matrix of Cartlidge and become embedded in it

109
Q

What is the matrix for a chondrocyte

A

Ground substance is chondrotin sulfate and minerals protein is collagen or elastin or both

110
Q

What are the four types of osteoid cells

A

Osteogenic cells osteoblasts osteocyte osteoclasts

111
Q

Stem cells found an Endosteum. Periosteum and central canals

A

Osteogenic cells

112
Q

Deposit matrix young immature bone sell non-mitotic secrete matrix

A

Osteoblast

113
Q

Mature cell maintain matrix connects nutrient supply and other cells

A

Osteocyte

114
Q

Dissolve matrix

A

Osteoclast

115
Q

What is the bone matrix made up of

A

Proteins collagen ground substance hydroxy appetite witches calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

116
Q

Define bone metabolism

A

Response to stresses placed on the matrix

117
Q

What are the four epidermal cells

A

Keratinocyte, tactile cells, melanocyte, Dendritic cells

118
Q

Makes proteins/keratin

A

Keratinocytes

119
Q

Sensory cells attached to a neuron in Stratum basale pressure sensitive create an electrical potential

A

Tactile cells

120
Q

Everyone has same number of melanocytes darker people more active lighter people not as active differences how metabolically active they are produce melanin (pigment)

A

Melanocytes

121
Q

Stationary macrophage in epidermis does not move ingest any type of foreign invader/phagocytosis

A

Dendritic cells

122
Q

The formation of glucose from a lipid source is termed

A

Glyconeogenesis

123
Q

The cells responsible for manufacturing and secreting acid phosphatase are

A

Osteoclasts

124
Q

Intramembranous bone formation occurs in which of the following

A

Parietal bones of the skull

125
Q

The ground substance of the matrix of hyaline Cartlidge is

A

Chondroitin sulfate

126
Q

If a reaction has a high activation energy it may be overcome by

A

Adding energy from the hydrolysis of ATP you increasing the temperature of the solution and addition of a catalyst to the solution

127
Q

Glucose moves into a cell primarily by facilitated diffusion another method of transport to move sugar into a cell against its concentration gradient is due to

A

A symport with na

128
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true metabolic pathways

A

Occur in a precise stepwise series of chemical reactions and are controlled by enzyme activity

129
Q

The Pilo arrector muscle

A

Is found in the dermis attached to a hair follicle and functions to raise the hair to aid in Thermo regulation

130
Q

Which of the following are classified as lipid macromolecules

A

Cholesterol and steroids

131
Q

In endochondral bone formation

A

Cartlidge matrix is replaced by bone matrix osteoclast dissolve in the hyaline cartilage osteoblast deposit hydroxyapatite

132
Q

Parathyroid hormone does not

A

Lower blood calcium levels

133
Q

Blank is fat soluble produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation and necessary for normal bone function

A

Vitamin D

134
Q

If you tumor has stopped all secretion of hormones from the parathyroid gland we would expect

A

A reduced level of osteoclast activity

135
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce a substance called that is rich in protein and fatty acid and are holocrine glands

136
Q

A fingernail is composed primarily of

A

Keratin

137
Q

Which of the following are steps in bone healing or remodeling

A

Hematoma formation and hard callous formation

138
Q

A Matrix is composed of

A

Protein fibers and ground substance

139
Q

Which of the following are functions of bone tissue

A

Acid-base balance structural support for muscles and hemopoiesis

140
Q

What is hemopoeisis

A

Making blood cells

141
Q

How are apocrine glands secreted

A

Exocytosis

142
Q

How are Merocrine glands secreted

A

Exocytosis

143
Q

How are sebaceous glands secreted

A

By exploding

144
Q

The energy for protein synthesis comes from

A

Hydrolysis of ATP

145
Q

Blank tissue is very vascular where as blank tissue was not

A

Areolar, cartilaginous

146
Q

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except

A

Amino acids

147
Q

A group of cells designed to preform a specific function

A

Tissue

148
Q

Designed to control the permeability of all substances that enter or leave the body

A

Epithelium

149
Q

Composed of at least two tissue types but usually all four

A

Organ

150
Q

A membrane that lines a closed cavity

A

Peritoneum

151
Q

A serous membrane found in the thorasic cavity

A

Parieta and visceral plura

152
Q

What type of membrane is located in the digestive system

A

Smooth muscle

153
Q

The avascular nature of epidermal cells forces the superficial cells to obtain nutrients by

A

Diffusion through cells located nearer to a blood supply

154
Q

The secretions of an osteoclast include blank and function to blank

A

Hydrogen ions acid phosphatase digest calcium salts and collagen

155
Q

Protein in the matrix of osseous tissue would be

A

Collagen

156
Q

Among the cells secretions the proteins secretions

A

Chondrocyte

157
Q

Histamine is a substance secreted by a blank that functions to blank

A

Mast cell, vasodilate blood vessels

158
Q

What does a mast cell do

A

Produces histamine and heparin blood thinners

159
Q

The smallest functional unit of a bone is called the

A

Osteon

160
Q

One long bone meets another long bone at its

A

Epiphysis

161
Q

This cavity is sometimes called the peritoneal cavity

A

Abdominal

162
Q

Calcitriol is made from

A

A form of cholesterol

163
Q

If a person is too hot and negative feedback loop involving blank glands will help reestablish homeostasis in the body temperature

A

Merocrine

164
Q

Melanosites and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes

A

Accumulate the melanin granules in there superficial portion for the UV blocking pigment layer

165
Q

What happens when you’re not in sun

A

Melanin is broken down to amino acids

166
Q

What are tactile sells attached to

A

Neurons because their sensory

167
Q

Where are dendritic cells found

A

Dermis

bio 201 (3 decks)

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