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Human Sexuality > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When does gender identity take place?

A

After 24 months

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2
Q

What are some examples of physical development and functional sexual anatomy of a baby from birth to age 2?

A
  • many behaviors are due to curiosity
  • male fetuses and newborns are capable of erections
  • Female newborns are capable of vaginal lubrication
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3
Q

Psychosexual development of babies from birth to age 2?

A
  • bonding between mother and infant.
  • learn about cuddling, holding, kissing, touching from parents
  • Develop strong identification with a gender
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4
Q

Sexual behavior (curiosity) of babies from birth to age 2?

A
  • learning about their bodies and how to control them
  • Discover genital area between 6-12 months
  • Want to love and engage in behaviors that set stage for adulthood
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5
Q

T/F: We must be careful not to attribute adult motives to childhood behaviors.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Developments in children of ages 2-5?

A
  • learns basic physical skills
  • continued learning about the body
  • What it means to be a boy/girl
  • Looks at others for models of gender behavior
  • Interest and questioning nature about genitals, body waste
  • Develop a sense of sexuality. Wonder how mom/dad are different
  • engage in “sex play”
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7
Q

Developments in children ages 6-12?

A
  • Moving towards puberty
  • becoming more private
  • sexual interest and activity increases
  • learn about sex and curious about others’ genitals
  • masturbation begins at later stage
  • experimentation with siblings and cousins begin
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8
Q

Tween-age developments?

A
  • Extremely curious and interested in opposite sex
  • Start to compare themselves with peers
  • peer acceptance is very important
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9
Q

What is the SL theory of tweens?

A
  • Children learn attitudes and values by observing and imitation behaviors of others
  • TV and music become powerful influences on sexual values
  • begin to move toward “adult” role modeled behaviors
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10
Q

What are the developments in children ages 12-18 (adolescents)?

A
  • Physical maturation. Awkward stage for many

- changes in almost every system in body, energy, sexual desire, mood, personality

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11
Q

When does puberty usually begin?

A
  • 8-13 for girls, menarche is around 12

- 9-14 for boys, semenarche is around 13

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12
Q

Stats on kissing/touching at age 13?

A
  • 73% of girls and 60% of boys have kissed

- 20% of boys and 35% of girls have experienced breast touching

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13
Q

Oral sex statistics of ages 15-19?

A

54% of girls age 15-19

55% of boys age 15-19

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14
Q

Same-sex behavior statistics in teenage years?

A
  • 8-12% had sexual contact with same-sex partners
  • 10-13% unsure about their orientation
  • 1-6% are homosexual or bisexual
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15
Q

What is the average age of first intercourse in the US?

A
  • 16.9 for boys
  • 17.4 for girls
    By age 20, 80% have had their first sexual experience
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16
Q

What % of teens get pregnant each year?

A
  • Around 7-10%
  • 31% have become pregnant by age 20
  • Has gone down
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17
Q

Teenage pregnancy stats:

A
  • 95% of teens keep baby
  • 70% drop out of HS
  • 25% have another baby within 24 months
  • 80% end up on welfare by year 5
  • Only 20% marry teen mother of their child
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18
Q

T/F: The greater the age difference between couples, the more likely there is sexual activity.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Teenage STD statistics:

A
  • Chlamydia and gonorrhea higher in 15-19-year-old females than any other age group
  • Rates of STIs are increasing
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20
Q

What are the two major developmental challenges of adulthood?

A
  • formation of a sexual identity

- intimate relationships

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21
Q

How much of the population indicates that their religious beliefs guide their sexual behavior?

A

33%

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22
Q

What is intimacy?

A

Form a bond with one another

  • capacity to know one’s own thoughts and feelings
  • willingness to share those feelings
  • develop interpersonal skills for sharing
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23
Q

What is sexual identity?

A

consists of gender identity, sexual orientation, and erotic intention

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24
Q

What is sexual meaning?

A

internalized personal experience with cultural context; must develop your sense of identity, goals, values, and then find partner who shares them

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25
Q

What is the average number of people a person will fall in love with before they marry?

A

7 times

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26
Q

Hook up statistic

A

80% have had at least one hook up

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27
Q

How much does it cost to raise a child from birth to age 18?

A

over $250,000

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28
Q

How many times does the average married couple have sex?

A

61 times a year

  • 40% have sex 2+ times a week
  • 50% have sex a few times/month
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29
Q

What % of couples cohabitate?

A

about 70%

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30
Q

What is the median age of first marriage in the US?

A
  • 28.3 for men

- 25.8 for female

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31
Q

What percent of the population eventually marries?

A

90-95%

- About 50% of households are married and half are single/divorced/widowed

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32
Q

% of affairs?

A
  • 30-45% of males

- 15-25% of females

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33
Q

What is polygamy?

A

having more than one spouse

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34
Q

What is polygyny?

A

having more than one wife

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35
Q

what is polyandry?

A

having more than one husband

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36
Q

What happened on June 26, 2015?

A

Supreme court guarantees a right to same-sex marriage

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37
Q

divorce states?

A
  • 53% of marriages end in divorce
  • 67% of second marriages
  • 74% of third marriages
  • Most divorced individuals will remarry (50-75%)
  • 1 in 5 ends within 5 yrs, 1 in 3 within 10 yrs
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38
Q

What are the 5 most common reasons for divorce?

A
  • financial
  • sex
  • adultery
  • disagreement about children
  • religion
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39
Q

Concerns of divorce?

A
  • impact on children
  • loneliness
  • finances
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40
Q

What is conception?

A

Union of a sperm cell and an egg cell: each contribute 23 chromosomes and ALL inherited traits are determined at “moment” of conception

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41
Q

How common is it to have fertility problems?

A
  • One in six (15-20%) have fertility problems

- If you try for one year without success, you are classified as infertile or subfertile

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42
Q

What causes infertility?

A
  • Women: ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, uterine problems, PID
  • Men: low or problems involving sperm count
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43
Q

How old was the youngest father?

A

12 years old. He was 11 and his girlfriend was 15 when they had sex

44
Q

How small are sperm cells?

A

100 times smaller than the egg. The egg is 1/5 the size of a period in this sentence.

45
Q

Chromosomes of male/female

A
  • Female: XX

- Male: XY

46
Q

How long does sperm and egg live?

A
  • Sperm lives about 5 days

- Egg lives about 2 days

47
Q

What is fertilin?

A

It is a chemical found in sperm that helps them stick to the egg

48
Q

What is hyaluronidase?

A

It is an enzyme that helps sperm penetrate the shell of the egg

49
Q

What happens once the sperm goes into the egg?

A
  • Once the sperm penetrates, egg releases a protein substance that prevents other sperm from entering.
  • The sperm spills (exocytosis) its genetic code into the egg
50
Q

Where does fertilization/conception take place?

A

Fallopian tubes

51
Q

What is the fertilized egg called?

A

zygote (conceptus)

52
Q

How is pregnancy confirmed?

A

It is confirmed by hormonal tests: After implanting into the endometrium, embryos begin to secrete hCG–a hormone that is detected by pregnancy tests.

53
Q

How old was the youngest mother?

A

5 years old, 7 months (Lima, Peru)

- she began menstruating at the age of 3

54
Q

What is a mortula?

A

A solid mass of cells after 3 days of cell division

55
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

A ball of cells (100) after 5-7 days of cell division

  • enters uterine cavity
  • hard shell on egg dissolves and it implants
56
Q

What is the critical time of development?

A

2nd through 8th week

57
Q

What is a fetus?

A

After 8 weeks of development

58
Q

What is an amnion?

A

A sac that develops around the embryo filled with amniotic fluid

59
Q

Why is the placenta formed?

A

To nourish and remove waste through blood vessels

60
Q

What is the normal gestation time? (conception to birth)

A
  • 266 days
  • most are born within 10 days of prediction
  • only 4% are born on due date
61
Q

How long are trimesters?

A

13 weeks (3 of them)

62
Q

How does someone have fraternal twins?

A

two ova, dizygotic

63
Q

How does someone have identical twins?

A

single ova, monozygotic

64
Q

5 births at one time?

A

Quintuplets

65
Q

6 births at a time?

A

Sextuplets

66
Q

7 births at a time?

A

septuplets

67
Q

8 births at a time?

A

Octuplets

68
Q

What is selective reduction?

A

The practice of reducing the number fo fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy

69
Q

How old was the sperm used from frozen embryos?

A
  • oldest sperm was 21 years old

- first baby born from frozen fertilized egg was 1987

70
Q

What is human cloning?

A

Genetic duplication of an organism by substituting the chromosomes fo a body cell into a donated ovum

71
Q

What is artificial insemination?

A
  • Injecting male sperm cells into a woman’s vagina

- 60-75% effective

72
Q

What is invitro fertilization?

A

A process whereby the union of the sperm and egg occur outside the mother’s body
- First born was 1978

73
Q

What is zygote intrafallopian transfer?

A

Zygotes inserted into fallopian tube

74
Q

What is gamete intrafallopian transfer?

A

sperm and egg are inserted together into the fallopian tube

75
Q

How common is assisted reproductive technologies?

A

Half a million babies have been born in the US through assisted reproductive technologies
- Today, 1 in 100 babies are born through infertility treatments, and is rising dramatically

76
Q

How often are unplanned pregnancies?

A

50%

77
Q

What is amniocentesis?

A

Needle is inserted into the amniotic sac and fluid is withdrawn where fetal cells are examined for medical problems

78
Q

What is chronic villi sampling?

A

Removal of a piece of chorionic membrane through the cervix and examined for medical problems

79
Q

What are endoscopes?

A

A scope that is inserted into uterus through a hollow needle to view developing embryo or fetus

80
Q

How often is the baby exposed to tobacco/alcohol/drugs?

A

1 in 3

81
Q

When does the baby move into a head/down position?

A

about one month before delivery

82
Q

What happens during labor?

A
  • dilation of cervix (0 to 10 cm)
  • engagement (sinking of the fetus’s head deep into mother’s pelvis
  • contractions begin
83
Q

What happens during second stage of pregnancy? (delivery stage)

A
  • Perform episiotomy (cutting)
  • Crowning top of head appears and baby descends through birth canal (1-2 hrs)
  • first breath, eye drops, cut the cord
84
Q

What happens during third stage of pregnancy? (afterbirth stage)

A
  • peeling off and delivery of afterbirth

- 30 mins to 1 hr

85
Q

How common is cesarean section?

A
  • 33% of births are through c section
86
Q

How common are birth defects?

A

1 in 33 births

- premature babies: 10-12%

87
Q

How often is no conception used?

A

approximately 30-50% of the time

88
Q

What is contraception?

A

any agent that prevents conception

89
Q

What are abortifacients?

A

act after pregnancy (conception) to terminate a pregnancy

90
Q

How common is it for a baby to be born to a single mother?

A

About 50% of all babies are born to single mothers

91
Q

What are some methods of contraception?

A
  • barrier methods: block the egg from uniting with sperm
  • hormonal methods: alter woman’s biochemistry
  • natural methods: prevents chance of egg/sperm uniting
  • surgical methods: prevents transport of sperm or egg
92
Q

What % of population have not experienced sex by age 20?

A

20%

93
Q

What is coitus interruptus?

A

Pull out (withdrawl) right before male ejaculation

94
Q

What is essure?

A

A permanent birth control method in which tiny metal coils are placed in a woman’s fallopian tubes.
- Over time, scar tissue grows in and around the coils and sperm cannot reach the eggs

95
Q

What are intrauterine devices (IUD)?

A

Involving insertion of a small plastic device into uterus
Two types:
- copper IUD’s
- hormonal IUDb (causes cervical mucus to become thicker and changes lining of uterus)

96
Q

When was the male condom invented?

A

1500’s

97
Q

When was the pill (oral contraceptive) invented?

A

1940

98
Q

When was the patch invented?

A

2001

99
Q

When was plan B invented?

A

1999 and approved in 2013

100
Q

What are spermicides?

A

Sperm killing chemicals that are in gels, creams, foams, films, or suppository base

101
Q

What is tubal ligation?

A

A surgical cutting and blocking of the fallopian tubes

102
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

A surgical cutting and tying of the vas deferans

103
Q

How common is abortion?

A

21%

- In US, 6 million women become pregnant. 1.2 million choose to have an abortion to end pregnancy

104
Q

What is Mifepristone?

A
  • invented in 2000
  • method used in the 1st trimester where drug prevents lining from receiving the zygote or if implantation has occurred causing the shedding of the lining
105
Q

What is prostagalandin induced pregnancy?

A

A method used in the 2nd trimester that injects prostaglandins into the amniotic sac to induce contractions and fetal delivery (ABORTION)

106
Q

What is a hysterotomy?

A

Fetus and uterine contents are removed during a cesarean delivery

Human Sexuality (3 decks)

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