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Human Sexuality > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

How many STD’s are there?

A

There are more than 20 types of STD’s

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2
Q

STD facts

A
  • 20 million new STD/STI infections in the US each year
  • 1 in 2 sexually active Americans get an STD by age 25
  • US has the highest incidence of curable STD’s in the world
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3
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

Yeast infection caused by candida albicans fungus; women have vulva irritation, inflammation, itching and discharge; men are symptom-free

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4
Q

What is trichomoniasis?

A

Caused by trichimonas vaginalis protozoan

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5
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Caused by a bacteria overgrowth in combination with other microorganisms

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6
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Infection of the urethra

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7
Q

What is a bacterial STD?

A
  • single celled microorganisms that release toxins causing infections
  • can be treated by antibodies
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8
Q

What is gonorrhea?

A
  • caused by neisseria gonorrheoeae bacterium
  • leading to abnormal and sometimes painful discharge
  • Males are 20-25% symptomatic
  • Females are 75-80% symptomatic
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9
Q

What is chlamydia?

A
  • most common STD
  • caused by chlamydia trachomatis bacterium leading to abnormal discharge
  • can damage reproductive organs
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10
Q

What is syphilis?

A
  • Caused by treponema pallidum bacterium

- develops through three stages and can affect any tissue or organ of the body

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11
Q

What month is STD awareness month?

A

April

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12
Q

What are the stages of syphilis?

A

First stage:
- A syphilitic chancre as it appears on the labia, penis, mouth
Second stage:
- Skin rash all over body
Third stage:
- Disease goes into remission, but if left untreated, can be fatal

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13
Q

What happens if bacteria goes untreated?

A
  • Will travel to rest of the reproductive system and other organ systems
  • cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, nongonococcal urethritis, and PID’s can exist
  • STI’s can be transmitted by an infected pregnant woman during pregnancy, labor, delivery or after through breast feeding.
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14
Q

What is cervicitis?

A

Inflammation of the cervix

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15
Q

What is endometritis?

A

Inflammation of the lining of the uterus

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16
Q

What is salpingitis?

A

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

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17
Q

What is nongonococcal urethritis?

A

Inflammation of the urethra

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18
Q

What is PID (Pelvic inflammatory disease)?

A
  • inflammation of any of the organs in the pelvic region

- 750,000 cases in US each year

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19
Q

What are parasitic or protozoan STD’s?

A
  • Organisms that live on the host

- Pubic lice or crab, scabies, trichomoniasis

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20
Q

What are pubic lice?

A
  • Infestation of the crab louse
  • very small dark or tan colored flat insects with legs that grasp pubic hair and gorge on human blood
  • lay eggs or “nits” which glue onto hair and hatch in a week
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21
Q

What are scabies?

A
  • contagious skin infestation caused by a mite that burrows in the skin
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22
Q

What are trichomoniasis?

A
  • STI caused by a single protozoan parasite
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23
Q

What are viral STD’s?

A
  • Dangerous and hard to treat
  • Microorganisms that are incurable
  • Viral genes take over the cell’s matabolic machinery to replicate themselves
  • Herpes, genital warts, viral hepatits, HIV/AIDS
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24
Q

What are herpes?

A
  • Can be transmitted by skin to skin contact
  • Oral herpes, cold sores, fever blisters
  • Genital herpes – painful blisters, ulcers, open sores
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25
Q

What are genital warts?

A
  • Caused by human papilloma virus
  • Cauliflower-like warts in genital area
  • transmitted by skin to skin contact
  • Warts can be removed by surgery or freezing but may reappear
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26
Q

What are viral hepatitis?

A
  • Hep A or B is the most common sexually transmitted
  • Found in blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva
  • Can attack liver
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27
Q

What is HIV/AIDS?

A
  • Attacks immune system so that it can no longer function leaving the person open to opportunistic illnesses
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28
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

H - Human (can only infect humans)
I - Immunodeficiency (weakens immune system)
V - Virus (takes over cells)

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29
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

A - acquired (implies not inherited)
I - Immuno (disease-fighting system)
D - deficiency (immune system compromised)
S - syndrome (disease consists of symptoms and illnesses

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30
Q

How common is AIDS in the US?

A
  • 5% increase in new cases each year
  • females and adolescents account for 30% of cases
  • 40,000 Americans infected every year
  • over 650,000 Americans have died from it
  • 1 in every 250 are HIV+
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31
Q

How common is AIDS in the world?

A
  • 35+ million people living with HIV worldwide
  • Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for over 2/3 of the cases
  • 1 in every 3 in Sub-Saharan Africa has it
  • 5,500 deaths each day in Africa
  • 3rd largest killer of women ages 25-44 and 2nd leading killer of men ages 25-44
  • Growing in Asia due to sex trade
  • 36 million worldwide have died
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32
Q

How did AIDS start?

A
  • Chimpanzee in West Africa and mutated when humans ate the meat
  • Been in the US since 1970’s
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33
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A
  • Blood products
  • Sharing instruments
  • Anal intercourse
  • Vaginal intercourse
  • Oral sex
  • Mother to infant before and during birth and while breastfeeding
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34
Q

How many people live with HIV?

A

35 million

- 67% of people living with HIV/AIDS are in Sub-Saharan Africa

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35
Q

How can you detect HIV/AIDS?

A
  • Pelvic exam (culture under microscope)
  • Visual examination
  • Blood samples
  • Antibody test
  • Can detect in lymph nodes within 2-5 days of its transmittion
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36
Q

How can you treat curable STD and STI’s?

A
  • you can get rid of scabies and pubic lice by decontaminating clothing and bedding
  • bacterial: by using antibiotic medications
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37
Q

How can you treat incurable STD’s?

A
  • Herpes: antiviral medications can reduce symptoms/flair ups
  • Genital warts: removal by surgery, freezing
  • hepatitis: vaccine
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38
Q

When does HIV turn to AIDS?

A

around 8-10 years if untreated

- virus reproduces completing with the immune system until an equilibrium is reached

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39
Q

How much do HIV treatments cost?

A

$380,000 over a lifetime

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40
Q

What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A
  • distinctive skin lesions

- most common cancer afflicting people with AIDS

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41
Q

How to avoid STD?

A
  • avoid sexual contact with others
  • delay having sex as long as possible
  • Use a male latex condom even though not 100% preventable
  • Avoid sex during menstruation (passed more easily)
  • Avoid anal intercourse
  • Avoid douching bc it removes natural protection in vagina
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42
Q

What is a paraphilia?

A
  • Intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners
  • If a paraphilia causes distress or impairment to the individual or if its satisfaction entails personal harm to others, it is considered a paraphilic disorder
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43
Q

What is a deviant behavior?

A
  • behaviors differing from norm or from accepted moral or societal standards
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44
Q

What is paraphilia?

A
  • Psychiatric term for problematic sexual desire
  • There are 8 specific paraphilic disorders: frotteurism, fetishism, transvestism, sexual masochism, sexual sadism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, pedophilia
  • mental or physical arousal is the goal
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45
Q

What are the issues considering if a sexual desire or behavior is a paraphilia?

A
  • Whether distress is associated with the desire
  • whether the desire or behavior is required for sexual arousal
  • whether there is a victim
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46
Q

What are the general features of atypical sexual behaviors?

A
  • Preferred erotic stimulus is typically specific
  • has access to sexual stimulus
  • Majority are male (90%) and come from every socioeconomic bracket
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47
Q

What is a sexual fantasy?

A
  • Powerful source of sexual stimulation

- When people are masturbating or making love

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48
Q

What are non-coercive behaviors?

A
  • Broad range of activities

- Involves individuals who choose partners who are willing participants

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49
Q

What are coercive behaviors?

A
  • Socially unacceptable and illegal

- usually involves individuals who are not willing to participate

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50
Q

What is infantilism?

A
  • Adult baby

- reenact infancy or toddlerhood to obtain sexual satisfaction

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51
Q

What is asphyxiophilia, hypoxyphilia, or autoerotic asphyxia?

A
  • hanging oneself, chest compressions, chemicals, or placing plastic bag over head to obtain sexual gratification by depriving oneself of oxygen
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52
Q

What is celibacy?

A

Choosing not to share sexual activities with others

53
Q

What is coprophilia?

A

Using feces as part of sexual activity

54
Q

What is exhibitionism?

A

intense desire to expose sexual organs to non-consenting persons
- all in the response of individual

55
Q

What is de Clerambault syndrome?

A

fantasized love affair, groupie

56
Q

What is erotophilia?

A

Consistent positive responding to sexual cues

57
Q

What is erotomania?

A

Preoccupation with sex (imagination, jokes)

- highly compulsive need for sex

58
Q

What is a fetishism?

A
  • a disorder in which a person is sexually aroused by objects or partialism aroused by body parts
59
Q

What is pyromania?

A

Fetish over fire setting

60
Q

What is kleptomania?

A

Stealing clothes

61
Q

What are the most common fetishes?

A
  • Women’s clothes (58%)
  • Rubber (23%)
  • Parts of the body (15%)
  • Footwear (15%)
  • Leather (10%)
62
Q

What is frotterism?

A

Secretly rubbing against others for sexual pleasure. “mashing”

63
Q

What is hyposexuality?

A

an especially low level of sexual interest and drive

64
Q

What is klismaphilia?

A

Sexual arousal through receiving enemas

65
Q

What is necrophilia?

A

Sexual gratification from the dead

- can lead to murdering of victim

66
Q

What is an erotophonophiliac?

A

one gets sexually excited from the act of murder itself

67
Q

What is nymphomania?

A

Excessive desire or sexual appetite (erotomania) in women

68
Q

What is an orgy?

A

Group sex

69
Q

What is a pansexual?

A

Lacking highly specific sexual orientations or preference

- Open to a range of sexual activities

70
Q

What is promiscuity?

A

Sharing casual sexual activity with many different partners

71
Q

What is pedophilia?

A

Sexual attraction to prepubescent children

72
Q

What is sexual sadism?

A

Sexual pleasure received through the infliction of pain, suffering, and humiliation of another

73
Q

What is sexual masochism?

A

Sexual excitement produced by experiencing pain and humiliation
- beatings, whipped, spanked

74
Q

What is sexual sadomasochism?

A

Mutually consenting pain and humiliation (S&M)

- one is dominant role and other is submissive

75
Q

What is BDSM?

A

bondage, discipline, sadism, and masochism

76
Q

What is toucherism?

A

Like frotterism; fondling or touching a non-consenting individual

77
Q

What is a transvestic fetishism?

A

heterosexual male who derives physical pleasure from cross-dressing

78
Q

Facts on wearing articles of women’s clothing…

A
  • 1% of males
  • heterosexual orientation
  • sexual arousal in response to cross-dressing
  • no desire for sex-reassignment surgery
  • masculine gender identity
79
Q

What is trolism?

A

Sexual activity shared by multiples or three people

80
Q

What is urophilia?

A

Urination incorporated into sexual stimulation

81
Q

What is voyeurism?

A

Obtaining sexual gratification by spying on people who are not dressed, undressing, or in the act of love making

  • may masturbate while watching
  • Peeping toms
82
Q

What is zoophilia?

A

Sexual relations with animals (bestiality)

83
Q

Facts of pedophiles

A
  • recurrent and intense urges involving sex with a prepubertal child (under age 14)
  • Perpetrators are often 18 years or older
  • activity ranges from fondling to penetration
  • generally begins at adolescence and persists over the lifetime
  • victim of childhood sexual abuse for 35%
84
Q

What is a hebephile?

A

Adult who is primarily attracted to pubescent children

85
Q

What are ephebophiles?

A

Adult who is primarily attracted to postpubescent teenagers

86
Q

How do you treat a problematic behavior?

A
  • try to eliminate paraphilic symptoms, prevent relapse, ad increase victim empathy
  • group, individual, and family therapy
  • medication
  • education
  • self-help groups
87
Q

What is coercion?

A

compelling another by use of fear, threats, or authority

88
Q

What is sexual harassment?

A

Unwanted attention of a sexual nature that creates embarrassment or distress

89
Q

What is child sex abuse?

A

adult engaging in sexual contact of any kind with a child

90
Q

What is sexual assult?

A

Any sexual activity that involves the use of force or threat of force without consent

91
Q

Who will rape you:

A
  • Marital (10-15%)
  • aquaintance (75-80%)
  • Stranger (20-25%)
92
Q

How common is rape? (statistics)

A
  • 1 in 4-6 women raped
  • 1 in 33 men raped
    About 5% of women will become pregnant
93
Q

How often are planned rapes? Blitz rapes?

A

80% planned, 20% blitz (often more violent)

94
Q

College rape statistic

A

Women have a 20-25% chance of getting raped in the 5 year college span

95
Q

Men rape statistic

A

Over 95% of rapes are committed by men against women

Less than 10% of men rape

96
Q

What is the age for sexual assault in Nebraska?

A

For ages 19 and over - under 16: First degree sexual assult for penetration of an individual under 16

97
Q

What is the age of sexual assult?

A

Under 12

98
Q

More rape statistics

A
  • 1 in 7 wives is likely to get raped by her husband
  • a woman is raped every 3 minutes
  • a woman is sexually assaulted ever 15-18 seconds
99
Q

What is the leading cause of death to pregnant women?

A

Homicide

100
Q

What percent of rapes are reported by police?

A

39%

College rapes never reported is 95%

101
Q

What is the chance that the perpetrator is arrested? felony charge?

A
  • 51% arrest
  • if they are arrested, 80% chance of a felony
  • only 16.3% chance the rapist will end in prison if reported
102
Q

How many rapists will walk free?

A

15 in 16

103
Q

How often do rape victims know attacker?

A

84%

104
Q

Types of rape?

A

Anger - 40%
Power - 55%
Sadistic - 5%

105
Q

How many victims will a rapist usually have?

A

6 on average

106
Q

What are the phases in the Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS)

A

Acute phase (stage 1) begins immediately-weeks
- fear of being alone or in the place of rape
- wide mood fluctuations; difficulty sleeping
- anger, anxiety, confusion, shock, self-blame
Long-term reorganization (stage 2) persists for years
- involves resoring order and control
- fear of sex

107
Q

What is the #1 rape drug?

A

alcohol. 2/3 of victims consumed alcohol prior to an assault

- roofies, GHB, and Special K may also be used

108
Q

What are the two forms of sexual harassment?

A
  • quid pro quo

- hostile environment

109
Q

What is quid pro quo?

A

Sexual harassment

- Employee is expected to exchange sexual favors to keep their job or get a promotion

110
Q

What is hostile environment?

A

Sexual harassment

- Unwanted behavior of a sexual nature creates hostile or offensive environment

111
Q

What is intimate partner stalking?

A

prior relationship

112
Q

What is delusional stalking

A

believes person loves him/her

113
Q

What is grudge stalking?

A

revenge

114
Q

Pedophilia and incest statistics

A
  • 1 in 4 females before age 18
  • 1 in 10 males before age 18
  • 90% know attacker
  • 2/3 never tell anyone
115
Q

What % of TV shows depict sexual content?

A

70%, 77% are primetime shows

116
Q

What is erotica?

A

Materials, books, pictures, films, that portray sex or sexual activity with the intent of arousing the viewer

117
Q

What is obscenity?

A

art, pictures, writings, or speech that is legally considered offensive

118
Q

What is pornography?

A

sexually explicit books or films intended to be arousing

119
Q

Child porn offenders?

A

91% are white, older than 25, unmarried

120
Q

Porn statistics

A
  • $100 billion industry

- 36% of all internet users visit porn websites each month

121
Q

What is a sex trader?

A

a person who exchanges sex for money, drugs, or benefits

122
Q

What are streetwalkers?

A

solicit on the streets, male and female

123
Q

What are massage parlors?

A

fronts for prostitution

124
Q

What are kept boys?

A

relationship with older, economically secure men, sugar daddy

125
Q

What are punks?

A

prison inmates available for sex

126
Q

What are hustlers?

A

men who engage in prostitution with men

127
Q

Who are pimps?

A

men who serve as agents for prostitutes and live off their earnings (keep 90%)

128
Q

What are gigolos?

A

heterosexual males hired by females

129
Q

Prostitution rates

A

teenager runaways - 85%
average age of entry is 14
75% under age of 25

Human Sexuality (3 decks)

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