FINAL EXAM Flashcards
How many STD’s are there?
There are more than 20 types of STD’s
STD facts
- 20 million new STD/STI infections in the US each year
- 1 in 2 sexually active Americans get an STD by age 25
- US has the highest incidence of curable STD’s in the world
What is candidiasis?
Yeast infection caused by candida albicans fungus; women have vulva irritation, inflammation, itching and discharge; men are symptom-free
What is trichomoniasis?
Caused by trichimonas vaginalis protozoan
What is bacterial vaginosis?
Caused by a bacteria overgrowth in combination with other microorganisms
What is urethritis?
Infection of the urethra
What is a bacterial STD?
- single celled microorganisms that release toxins causing infections
- can be treated by antibodies
What is gonorrhea?
- caused by neisseria gonorrheoeae bacterium
- leading to abnormal and sometimes painful discharge
- Males are 20-25% symptomatic
- Females are 75-80% symptomatic
What is chlamydia?
- most common STD
- caused by chlamydia trachomatis bacterium leading to abnormal discharge
- can damage reproductive organs
What is syphilis?
- Caused by treponema pallidum bacterium
- develops through three stages and can affect any tissue or organ of the body
What month is STD awareness month?
April
What are the stages of syphilis?
First stage:
- A syphilitic chancre as it appears on the labia, penis, mouth
Second stage:
- Skin rash all over body
Third stage:
- Disease goes into remission, but if left untreated, can be fatal
What happens if bacteria goes untreated?
- Will travel to rest of the reproductive system and other organ systems
- cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, nongonococcal urethritis, and PID’s can exist
- STI’s can be transmitted by an infected pregnant woman during pregnancy, labor, delivery or after through breast feeding.
What is cervicitis?
Inflammation of the cervix
What is endometritis?
Inflammation of the lining of the uterus
What is salpingitis?
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
What is nongonococcal urethritis?
Inflammation of the urethra
What is PID (Pelvic inflammatory disease)?
- inflammation of any of the organs in the pelvic region
- 750,000 cases in US each year
What are parasitic or protozoan STD’s?
- Organisms that live on the host
- Pubic lice or crab, scabies, trichomoniasis
What are pubic lice?
- Infestation of the crab louse
- very small dark or tan colored flat insects with legs that grasp pubic hair and gorge on human blood
- lay eggs or “nits” which glue onto hair and hatch in a week
What are scabies?
- contagious skin infestation caused by a mite that burrows in the skin
What are trichomoniasis?
- STI caused by a single protozoan parasite
What are viral STD’s?
- Dangerous and hard to treat
- Microorganisms that are incurable
- Viral genes take over the cell’s matabolic machinery to replicate themselves
- Herpes, genital warts, viral hepatits, HIV/AIDS
What are herpes?
- Can be transmitted by skin to skin contact
- Oral herpes, cold sores, fever blisters
- Genital herpes – painful blisters, ulcers, open sores
What are genital warts?
- Caused by human papilloma virus
- Cauliflower-like warts in genital area
- transmitted by skin to skin contact
- Warts can be removed by surgery or freezing but may reappear
What are viral hepatitis?
- Hep A or B is the most common sexually transmitted
- Found in blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva
- Can attack liver
What is HIV/AIDS?
- Attacks immune system so that it can no longer function leaving the person open to opportunistic illnesses
What does HIV stand for?
H - Human (can only infect humans)
I - Immunodeficiency (weakens immune system)
V - Virus (takes over cells)
What does AIDS stand for?
A - acquired (implies not inherited)
I - Immuno (disease-fighting system)
D - deficiency (immune system compromised)
S - syndrome (disease consists of symptoms and illnesses
How common is AIDS in the US?
- 5% increase in new cases each year
- females and adolescents account for 30% of cases
- 40,000 Americans infected every year
- over 650,000 Americans have died from it
- 1 in every 250 are HIV+
How common is AIDS in the world?
- 35+ million people living with HIV worldwide
- Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for over 2/3 of the cases
- 1 in every 3 in Sub-Saharan Africa has it
- 5,500 deaths each day in Africa
- 3rd largest killer of women ages 25-44 and 2nd leading killer of men ages 25-44
- Growing in Asia due to sex trade
- 36 million worldwide have died
How did AIDS start?
- Chimpanzee in West Africa and mutated when humans ate the meat
- Been in the US since 1970’s
How is HIV transmitted?
- Blood products
- Sharing instruments
- Anal intercourse
- Vaginal intercourse
- Oral sex
- Mother to infant before and during birth and while breastfeeding
How many people live with HIV?
35 million
- 67% of people living with HIV/AIDS are in Sub-Saharan Africa
How can you detect HIV/AIDS?
- Pelvic exam (culture under microscope)
- Visual examination
- Blood samples
- Antibody test
- Can detect in lymph nodes within 2-5 days of its transmittion
How can you treat curable STD and STI’s?
- you can get rid of scabies and pubic lice by decontaminating clothing and bedding
- bacterial: by using antibiotic medications
How can you treat incurable STD’s?
- Herpes: antiviral medications can reduce symptoms/flair ups
- Genital warts: removal by surgery, freezing
- hepatitis: vaccine
When does HIV turn to AIDS?
around 8-10 years if untreated
- virus reproduces completing with the immune system until an equilibrium is reached
How much do HIV treatments cost?
$380,000 over a lifetime
What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?
- distinctive skin lesions
- most common cancer afflicting people with AIDS
How to avoid STD?
- avoid sexual contact with others
- delay having sex as long as possible
- Use a male latex condom even though not 100% preventable
- Avoid sex during menstruation (passed more easily)
- Avoid anal intercourse
- Avoid douching bc it removes natural protection in vagina
What is a paraphilia?
- Intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners
- If a paraphilia causes distress or impairment to the individual or if its satisfaction entails personal harm to others, it is considered a paraphilic disorder
What is a deviant behavior?
- behaviors differing from norm or from accepted moral or societal standards
What is paraphilia?
- Psychiatric term for problematic sexual desire
- There are 8 specific paraphilic disorders: frotteurism, fetishism, transvestism, sexual masochism, sexual sadism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, pedophilia
- mental or physical arousal is the goal
What are the issues considering if a sexual desire or behavior is a paraphilia?
- Whether distress is associated with the desire
- whether the desire or behavior is required for sexual arousal
- whether there is a victim
What are the general features of atypical sexual behaviors?
- Preferred erotic stimulus is typically specific
- has access to sexual stimulus
- Majority are male (90%) and come from every socioeconomic bracket
What is a sexual fantasy?
- Powerful source of sexual stimulation
- When people are masturbating or making love
What are non-coercive behaviors?
- Broad range of activities
- Involves individuals who choose partners who are willing participants
What are coercive behaviors?
- Socially unacceptable and illegal
- usually involves individuals who are not willing to participate
What is infantilism?
- Adult baby
- reenact infancy or toddlerhood to obtain sexual satisfaction
What is asphyxiophilia, hypoxyphilia, or autoerotic asphyxia?
- hanging oneself, chest compressions, chemicals, or placing plastic bag over head to obtain sexual gratification by depriving oneself of oxygen
What is celibacy?
Choosing not to share sexual activities with others
What is coprophilia?
Using feces as part of sexual activity
What is exhibitionism?
intense desire to expose sexual organs to non-consenting persons
- all in the response of individual
What is de Clerambault syndrome?
fantasized love affair, groupie
What is erotophilia?
Consistent positive responding to sexual cues
What is erotomania?
Preoccupation with sex (imagination, jokes)
- highly compulsive need for sex
What is a fetishism?
- a disorder in which a person is sexually aroused by objects or partialism aroused by body parts
What is pyromania?
Fetish over fire setting
What is kleptomania?
Stealing clothes
What are the most common fetishes?
- Women’s clothes (58%)
- Rubber (23%)
- Parts of the body (15%)
- Footwear (15%)
- Leather (10%)
What is frotterism?
Secretly rubbing against others for sexual pleasure. “mashing”
What is hyposexuality?
an especially low level of sexual interest and drive
What is klismaphilia?
Sexual arousal through receiving enemas
What is necrophilia?
Sexual gratification from the dead
- can lead to murdering of victim
What is an erotophonophiliac?
one gets sexually excited from the act of murder itself
What is nymphomania?
Excessive desire or sexual appetite (erotomania) in women
What is an orgy?
Group sex
What is a pansexual?
Lacking highly specific sexual orientations or preference
- Open to a range of sexual activities
What is promiscuity?
Sharing casual sexual activity with many different partners
What is pedophilia?
Sexual attraction to prepubescent children
What is sexual sadism?
Sexual pleasure received through the infliction of pain, suffering, and humiliation of another
What is sexual masochism?
Sexual excitement produced by experiencing pain and humiliation
- beatings, whipped, spanked
What is sexual sadomasochism?
Mutually consenting pain and humiliation (S&M)
- one is dominant role and other is submissive
What is BDSM?
bondage, discipline, sadism, and masochism
What is toucherism?
Like frotterism; fondling or touching a non-consenting individual
What is a transvestic fetishism?
heterosexual male who derives physical pleasure from cross-dressing
Facts on wearing articles of women’s clothing…
- 1% of males
- heterosexual orientation
- sexual arousal in response to cross-dressing
- no desire for sex-reassignment surgery
- masculine gender identity
What is trolism?
Sexual activity shared by multiples or three people
What is urophilia?
Urination incorporated into sexual stimulation
What is voyeurism?
Obtaining sexual gratification by spying on people who are not dressed, undressing, or in the act of love making
- may masturbate while watching
- Peeping toms
What is zoophilia?
Sexual relations with animals (bestiality)
Facts of pedophiles
- recurrent and intense urges involving sex with a prepubertal child (under age 14)
- Perpetrators are often 18 years or older
- activity ranges from fondling to penetration
- generally begins at adolescence and persists over the lifetime
- victim of childhood sexual abuse for 35%
What is a hebephile?
Adult who is primarily attracted to pubescent children
What are ephebophiles?
Adult who is primarily attracted to postpubescent teenagers
How do you treat a problematic behavior?
- try to eliminate paraphilic symptoms, prevent relapse, ad increase victim empathy
- group, individual, and family therapy
- medication
- education
- self-help groups
What is coercion?
compelling another by use of fear, threats, or authority
What is sexual harassment?
Unwanted attention of a sexual nature that creates embarrassment or distress
What is child sex abuse?
adult engaging in sexual contact of any kind with a child
What is sexual assult?
Any sexual activity that involves the use of force or threat of force without consent
Who will rape you:
- Marital (10-15%)
- aquaintance (75-80%)
- Stranger (20-25%)
How common is rape? (statistics)
- 1 in 4-6 women raped
- 1 in 33 men raped
About 5% of women will become pregnant
How often are planned rapes? Blitz rapes?
80% planned, 20% blitz (often more violent)
College rape statistic
Women have a 20-25% chance of getting raped in the 5 year college span
Men rape statistic
Over 95% of rapes are committed by men against women
Less than 10% of men rape
What is the age for sexual assault in Nebraska?
For ages 19 and over - under 16: First degree sexual assult for penetration of an individual under 16
What is the age of sexual assult?
Under 12
More rape statistics
- 1 in 7 wives is likely to get raped by her husband
- a woman is raped every 3 minutes
- a woman is sexually assaulted ever 15-18 seconds
What is the leading cause of death to pregnant women?
Homicide
What percent of rapes are reported by police?
39%
College rapes never reported is 95%
What is the chance that the perpetrator is arrested? felony charge?
- 51% arrest
- if they are arrested, 80% chance of a felony
- only 16.3% chance the rapist will end in prison if reported
How many rapists will walk free?
15 in 16
How often do rape victims know attacker?
84%
Types of rape?
Anger - 40%
Power - 55%
Sadistic - 5%
How many victims will a rapist usually have?
6 on average
What are the phases in the Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS)
Acute phase (stage 1) begins immediately-weeks
- fear of being alone or in the place of rape
- wide mood fluctuations; difficulty sleeping
- anger, anxiety, confusion, shock, self-blame
Long-term reorganization (stage 2) persists for years
- involves resoring order and control
- fear of sex
What is the #1 rape drug?
alcohol. 2/3 of victims consumed alcohol prior to an assault
- roofies, GHB, and Special K may also be used
What are the two forms of sexual harassment?
- quid pro quo
- hostile environment
What is quid pro quo?
Sexual harassment
- Employee is expected to exchange sexual favors to keep their job or get a promotion
What is hostile environment?
Sexual harassment
- Unwanted behavior of a sexual nature creates hostile or offensive environment
What is intimate partner stalking?
prior relationship
What is delusional stalking
believes person loves him/her
What is grudge stalking?
revenge
Pedophilia and incest statistics
- 1 in 4 females before age 18
- 1 in 10 males before age 18
- 90% know attacker
- 2/3 never tell anyone
What % of TV shows depict sexual content?
70%, 77% are primetime shows
What is erotica?
Materials, books, pictures, films, that portray sex or sexual activity with the intent of arousing the viewer
What is obscenity?
art, pictures, writings, or speech that is legally considered offensive
What is pornography?
sexually explicit books or films intended to be arousing
Child porn offenders?
91% are white, older than 25, unmarried
Porn statistics
- $100 billion industry
- 36% of all internet users visit porn websites each month
What is a sex trader?
a person who exchanges sex for money, drugs, or benefits
What are streetwalkers?
solicit on the streets, male and female
What are massage parlors?
fronts for prostitution
What are kept boys?
relationship with older, economically secure men, sugar daddy
What are punks?
prison inmates available for sex
What are hustlers?
men who engage in prostitution with men
Who are pimps?
men who serve as agents for prostitutes and live off their earnings (keep 90%)
What are gigolos?
heterosexual males hired by females
Prostitution rates
teenager runaways - 85%
average age of entry is 14
75% under age of 25
