test 3 Flashcards
Sensorimotor activity and what it gives way to in early childhood
mental representation
what is prominent in preoperational stage
egocentric thinking
when is private speech most used?
moderately challenging tasks
psychological control
manipulating child through guilt and withdrawal
development of make believe
1) play detaches from real life
2) play becomes less self centered
3) play includes more complex combinations of schemes
the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities
animistic thinking
the idea that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes
conservation
centration
children focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features
scaffolding
adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child’s current level of performance
zone of proximal development
within the child’s range of mastery
children who use private speech
are more attentive and involved and show better task performance
parent elicits the child’s autobiographical memory by following the child’s lead, asking varied questions, adding information to the child’s statements, and volunteer their own recollections.
elaborative style
asking questions providing little information and asking the same thing over and over again
repetitive style
children rely on word meanings to figure out grammatical rules
semantic bootstrapping
learning word meanings by how it is used in a sentence
syntactic bootstrapping
hierarchical classification
organization of objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences
the assumption that words refer to entirely separate and non overlapping categories
mutual exclusivity bias
focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them, rather than centering on just one
decentraton
deficiency in concrete operatoinal stage
unable to think abstractly
neo-Piagetian’s
believe that the development of operational thinking is due to improvements in the child’s ability to process information and is more in line with a continuous theory than a stage theory
shortcoming of componetial IQ analysis
regards intelligence as entirely due to causes within the child
three components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Anayltical (componential), creative(experiential), and practical (Contextual) intelligence
greatest predictor of intelligence
flexible attention
ericson’s stage for preschoolers
initiative vs guilt
black children adopted into well off white families
have greatly improved iq scores
iq’s increase from one generation to the next
the Flynn effect
stress contributes to weight gain by making one
insulin resistant
authoritative style
most successful, hight acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techiques, appropriate autonomy granting
authoritarian
low acceptance and involvement, high coercive control, low autonomy granting
permissive
high acceptance, low involvement, engage in little control
univolved
low acceptance, low involvement, neglectful
kohlberg’s first level of moral development
pre-conventional: based on individual’s interests
1) follow rules to avoid punishment
2) obedience occurs due to rewards received
Gilligan’s moral development
men: view morality in broad principles
women: relational morality based on self sacrifice
Gilligan: women develop their identities through
through relationships
Catell’s theory
crystalized intelligence: information, skills, and strategies that can be used in problem solving
fluid intelligence: information processing abilities, memory and reasoning
to form a positive self concept
a warm, sensitive parent-child relationsip is needed
self concept
how an individual difines who they are
theory of mind
how we attribute mental states to ourselves and others
traditional classroom
teacher sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making, and does most of the talking
constructivist classroom
students construct their own knowledge.
best interventions for obesity
are family based and focus on changing behaviors
wetting the bed
enuresis
treatment for wetting the bed
synthetic hormones can be used to balance hormonal levels; urine alarm that wakes child at first sign of dampness
criticism of Ericson’s theory
used only men
spearman’s G
intelligence is an underlying factor that underlies everything a person does
