final quiz questions Flashcards
poorly nourished, underweight fetus experiences changes in body structure and function that greatly increase the risk of __________ in adulthood.
cardiovascular disease
During the third trimester,
painkillers should be used in any surgical procedures performed on a fetus.
high doses of caffeine prenatally can cause
low birth weight
Which of the following statements about research on memory impairments in infants of diabetic mothers is true?
As a result of iron depletion in critical brain areas, a diabetic pregnancy places the fetus at risk for lasting memory deficits.
least potent of FASD with only brain impairment
alcohol related neurodevelpmental disorder
less potent than FAS with no physical growth defects
partial fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
slow physical growth, at least 3 different facial abnormalities, and a minimum of 3 impairments of brain functioning
range of defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
daughters of mothers who took this drug have increased risk of cancer of the vagina, malformations of the uterus, and infertility as they reached adolescence and young adulthood.
diethylstilbestrol
Epidural analgesia
limits pain reduction to the pelvic region
Which of the following statements regarding the results of the landmark Kauai study is true?
The impact of early biological risks often wanes as children’s personal characteristics and social experiences contribute increasingly to their functioning.
Persistent paternal depression is a strong predictor of
aggression in boys
During transition, the
the cervix opens completely
The two factors that are largely responsible for neonatal mortality are __________ and __________.
serious physical defects; low birth weight
A baby will display the Moro reflex when his caregiver
produces a sudden loud sound against the surface supporting him
Placenta abruptio
is a life-threatening event that involves premature separation of the placenta
Birth weight is the best available predictor of
infant survival
Kangaroo skin-to-skin contact
fosters improved oxygenation of the baby’s body, temperature regulation, and infant survival.
Which of the following statements about how infants perceive the structure of speech is true?
Infants locate words by discriminating syllables that often occur together from syllables that seldom occur together.
Experience-dependent brain growth
relies on specific learning experiences that vary widely across individuals and cultures.
Breastfed babies in poverty-stricken regions of the world
are far more likely than bottle-fed babies to survive the first year of life.
improves the efficiency of message transfer.
Myelination
Separation protest declines during which of Bowlby’s phases?
formation of a reciprocal relationship
Which of the following is a limitation of Chomsky’s nativist perspective?
Chomsky’s theory cannot explain why children refine and generalize many grammatical forms gradually
Research on both first- and second-language learning reveals
a biologically based timeframe for optimum language development.
Linguist Noam Chomsky reasoned that
the rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to even a cognitively sophisticated young child.
children’s innate desire to verbally interact with others promotes language development in all cultures.
According to Piaget, organization takes place
internally
Broca’s area
supports language production
A major milestone in drawing occurs when 3- and 4-year-olds learn to
use lines to represent the boundaries of objects.
Growth and myelination of fibers linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex contributes to __________ in early childhood.
dramatic gains in motor coordination
Neurons in the __________ send out fibers to the prefrontal cortex, contributing to improvements in sustained, controlled attention.
reticular formation
The hippocampus plays a vital role in
memory
For the left-handed 10 percent of the population, language is
most often shared between the hemispheres.
between ages 2-6
the brain increases from 70 percent of its adult weight to 90 percent.
Felicity and Samantha are identical twins. They are
more likely than ordinary siblings to differ in hand preference
For most children,
the left hemisphere is especially active between 3 and 6 years and then levels off.
Betwetting during the night is called _____?
nocturnal enuresis
is the most common vision problem in middle childhood.
Myopia
white matter
consists largely of myelinated nerve fibers.
Jonathan, age 10, was born underweight because his mother smoked during pregnancy. Jonathan is at risk for
obesity
dark matter
declines as synaptic pruning and death of surrounding neurons proceed.
Chronic stress triggers __________, which, in turn, frequently induces a raging appetite and subsequent weight gain.
insulin resistance
Which of the following is a cause of malocclusion?
crowding of permanent teeth
Higher pubertal hormone levels are __________ linked to __________ moodiness.
modestly, greater
Hormonal changes during puberty are initiated and regulated by the __________, a structure located near the __________.
hypothalamus; pituitary gland
