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Chemistry > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

absorbs moisture, can clump/get caked

A

hydroscopic

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2
Q

dried out, susceptible to hydroscopy

A

anhydrous

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3
Q

no limit, takes in water, pulls moisture

A

deliquescent

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4
Q

molecules have to touch for

A

convection

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5
Q

fluids that move

A

convection

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6
Q

spontaneous proccess

A

happens on its own

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7
Q

nonspontaneous

A

needs input of energy

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8
Q

4 types of energy for the motion of particles, KE or PE?

A

1) translational NRG, 2) rotational NRG, 3) vibrational NRG, 4) electronic NRG; KE

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9
Q

enthalpy

A

heat and change

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10
Q

entropy

A

nature goes towards chaos

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11
Q

NRG is the ability to…

A

do work

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12
Q

W=

A

f*d

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13
Q

f unit(s)

A

N; kg*m/s2

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14
Q

joule is also

A

kg*m2/s2

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15
Q

F=

A

m*a

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16
Q

1 Calorie=?calories

A

1000; 1 kilo

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17
Q

1 calorie=?joules

A

4.184

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18
Q

intermolecular forces compared to evaporation rate

A

weaker forces, quicker evaporation

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19
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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20
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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21
Q

dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

A

equilibrium

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22
Q

pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at room temperature

A

equilibrium vapor pressure

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23
Q

temp. liquid increases = KE molecs. ____

A

increases

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24
Q

volatile

A

liquids that can readily evaporate and have relatively weak forces of attraction between particles

25
Q

decrease in atmospheric pressure = _____ boiling point

A

decrease

26
Q

why is water an effective cooling agent

A

it has a high molar enthalpy of vaporization, strong hydrogen bonds means more energy to overcome them

27
Q

freezing point

A

temperature where the solid and liquid are in equilibrium at 1 atm

28
Q

melting: ___ + ___ –>

A

solid + energy –> liquid

29
Q

molar enthalpy of fusion

A

amount of heat energy needed to melt one mole of solid at the melting point

30
Q

critical temperature of water

A

373.99 C

31
Q

critical pressure of water

A

217.75 atm

32
Q

triple point

A

solid, liquid, and vapor can coexist at equilibrium

33
Q

critical pressure

A

lowest pressure a substance can be a liquid at the critical temp

34
Q

critical temperature

A

highest temp the substance can exist in liquid state

35
Q

the number of linked molecules ____ as temperature increases

A

decreases

36
Q

water molecules in hexagonal arrangement in…

A

ice

37
Q

what accounts for low ice density

A

empty spaces caused by hexagonal arrangement

38
Q

what does a high molar enthalpy do

A

helps organisms resist dehydration and maintain homeostasis

39
Q

device to measure energy absorbed or released as heat

A

calorimeter

40
Q

measure of avg KE of particles in matter

A

temperature

41
Q

SI unit of heat

A

Joules, J

42
Q

quantity transferred as heat during temperature change depends on (3)

A

nature and mass of material changing temp and size of temperature change

43
Q

specific heat

A

amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1g of substance by 1 degree celcius

44
Q

q

A

energy lost or gained

45
Q

products have lower enthalpy than reactants

A

exothermic

46
Q

products have a higher enthalpy than reactants

A

endothermic

47
Q

lower altitude=____ atmospheric pressure, ____ boiling point

A

higher, higher

48
Q

(water) ml=; why

A

g; b/c density of water

49
Q

why does sand get hotter in the day and colder at night than water

A

water has a higher specific heat capacity

50
Q

on a plateau in a heating or cooling curve, the equation

A

q=m*deltaH (fusion or vaporization)

51
Q

difference between temperature and heat

A

temperature measures the average kinetic energy, white heat is the total kinetic energy. heat is extensive

52
Q

why doesnt water (for example) continually increase as it is heated

A

temperature will remain the same when going through a phase change (plateaus)

53
Q

solve for ____: how much heat required…

A

Q

54
Q

solve for ___: how much energy is required

A

Q

55
Q

1 Calorie = kcal

A

1

56
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only change forms; heat lost+heat gained=0

57
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

some energy is lost as heat

58
Q

meaning of the sign in front of energy values

A

show whether energy was lost or gained

Chemistry (4 decks)

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