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A&P 1 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of muscles?

A

Involuntary smooth, cardiac, and voluntary skeletal muscle

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2
Q

This type of muscle surrounds tubes (internal organs)

A

Involuntary smooth muscle

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3
Q

This type of muscle has intercalated disks (gap junctions)

A

Cardiac muscle

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4
Q

This is an electrical impulse that travels down a nerve when skeletal muscle contracts

A

Action potential

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5
Q

A single nerve cell

A

Neuron

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6
Q

Single muscle cell

A

Muscle fiber

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7
Q

When – binds to the receptor on the sarcolemma the muscle cell generates an —

A

ACh

Action potential

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8
Q

This is the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

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9
Q

This is the end of the motor nerve

A

Synaptic knob

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10
Q

The synaptic knob contains millions of molecules of —?

A

ACh

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11
Q

What happens when an action potential hits the synaptic knob?

A

Some ACh is released and bind to a receptor

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12
Q

This is the region of the sarcolemma with ACh receptors?

A

Motor end plate

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13
Q

This enzyme destroys ACh in order to prevent the muscle from being stuck in a contracted state

A

Achesterase

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14
Q

This stores calcium and dumps it into the cell which causes contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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15
Q

The action potential travel across the sarcolemma and down–?

A

T-tubules

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16
Q

When muscles get bigger it is because myofibrils are added to existing fibers

A

Hypertrophy

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17
Q

Which myofibrils contain troponin?

A

Thin myofibrils

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18
Q

Which myofibrils contain myosin and which contain actin?

A 
Myosin= thick 
Actin= thin
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19
Q

When a muscle contacts; this binds to troponin and pulls it off the active site of actin

A

Calcium

20
Q

When calcium pulls the troponin off of the active site of actin, what happens next?

A

The actin binds to the myosin heads

21
Q

When — are binded to – this causes the muscle cell to shorten (contract)

A
  1. Myosin heads

2. Actin

22
Q

What is needed to release myosin heads off of the actin?

A

ATP

23
Q

What are the nervous system functions?

A

Sensory, integrative, motor

24
Q

What is the insulation on the axon?

A

Myelin

25
Q

A multipolar nerve cell is efferent or afferent?

A

Efferent

26
Q

A bi polar cell is efferent or afferent?

A

Afferent

27
Q

Special sense neurons are found in what type of cell?

A

Bipolar

28
Q

Somatic skeletal and visceral muscles and sensory nerves are found here

A

Unipolar cell

29
Q

Unipolar cell is afferent or efferent?

A

Afferent

30
Q

This group of neurons has ganglia

A

Peripheral neurons

31
Q

This type of neuron group has a nucleus

A

Central nervous system

32
Q

The central nervous system consists of what?

A

Brain and spinal cord

33
Q

The peripheral nervous system is made up of what types of nerves?

A

Afferent and efferent

34
Q

These carry info to the CNS, they are sensory nerves

A

Afferent nerves

35
Q

These nerves carry info away from the CNS, these are usually motor nerves

A

Efferent nerves

36
Q

In the peripheral nervous system there are 2 systems called?

A
  1. Somatic system

2. Autonomic system

37
Q

This system has motor nerves going to skeletal muscle, it is voluntary

A

Somatic system

38
Q

This system is involuntary and consists nerves going to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

A

Autonomic system

39
Q

These nerves have the 4 F’s

A

Sympathetic nerves

40
Q

What are the 4 F’s?

A

Flight, Fight, Frolic, Fright

41
Q

Name the neurotransmitters

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

42
Q

In the autonomic system what receptors do the neurotransmitters bind to?

A

Alpha and beta

43
Q

These receptors ( alpha and beta) are collectively called?

A

Adrenergic receptors

44
Q

Autonomic system binding causes:

A
  1. Blood routed away from GI and towards skeletal muscle
  2. Heart rate increases
  3. Respiratory rate increase
  4. Trachea dilates
  5. Pupils dilate
45
Q

What happens in the parasympathetic nerve system (rest and digest)

A
  1. Release ACh
  2. ACh binds to muscarinic or nicotonic receptors
  3. Opposite effects of sympathetic
46
Q

Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors are called —?

A

Cholinergic receptors

A&P 1 (3 decks)

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