Test 3 Flashcards
What are the types of muscles?
Involuntary smooth, cardiac, and voluntary skeletal muscle
This type of muscle surrounds tubes (internal organs)
Involuntary smooth muscle
This type of muscle has intercalated disks (gap junctions)
Cardiac muscle
This is an electrical impulse that travels down a nerve when skeletal muscle contracts
Action potential
A single nerve cell
Neuron
Single muscle cell
Muscle fiber
When – binds to the receptor on the sarcolemma the muscle cell generates an —
ACh
Action potential
This is the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
This is the end of the motor nerve
Synaptic knob
The synaptic knob contains millions of molecules of —?
ACh
What happens when an action potential hits the synaptic knob?
Some ACh is released and bind to a receptor
This is the region of the sarcolemma with ACh receptors?
Motor end plate
This enzyme destroys ACh in order to prevent the muscle from being stuck in a contracted state
Achesterase
This stores calcium and dumps it into the cell which causes contraction
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
The action potential travel across the sarcolemma and down–?
T-tubules
When muscles get bigger it is because myofibrils are added to existing fibers
Hypertrophy
Which myofibrils contain troponin?
Thin myofibrils
Which myofibrils contain myosin and which contain actin?
Myosin= thick Actin= thin
When a muscle contacts; this binds to troponin and pulls it off the active site of actin
Calcium
When calcium pulls the troponin off of the active site of actin, what happens next?
The actin binds to the myosin heads
When — are binded to – this causes the muscle cell to shorten (contract)
- Myosin heads
2. Actin
What is needed to release myosin heads off of the actin?
ATP
What are the nervous system functions?
Sensory, integrative, motor
What is the insulation on the axon?
Myelin
A multipolar nerve cell is efferent or afferent?
Efferent
A bi polar cell is efferent or afferent?
Afferent
Special sense neurons are found in what type of cell?
Bipolar
Somatic skeletal and visceral muscles and sensory nerves are found here
Unipolar cell
Unipolar cell is afferent or efferent?
Afferent
This group of neurons has ganglia
Peripheral neurons
This type of neuron group has a nucleus
Central nervous system
The central nervous system consists of what?
Brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system is made up of what types of nerves?
Afferent and efferent
These carry info to the CNS, they are sensory nerves
Afferent nerves
These nerves carry info away from the CNS, these are usually motor nerves
Efferent nerves
In the peripheral nervous system there are 2 systems called?
- Somatic system
2. Autonomic system
This system has motor nerves going to skeletal muscle, it is voluntary
Somatic system
This system is involuntary and consists nerves going to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Autonomic system
These nerves have the 4 F’s
Sympathetic nerves
What are the 4 F’s?
Flight, Fight, Frolic, Fright
Name the neurotransmitters
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
In the autonomic system what receptors do the neurotransmitters bind to?
Alpha and beta
These receptors ( alpha and beta) are collectively called?
Adrenergic receptors
Autonomic system binding causes:
- Blood routed away from GI and towards skeletal muscle
- Heart rate increases
- Respiratory rate increase
- Trachea dilates
- Pupils dilate
What happens in the parasympathetic nerve system (rest and digest)
- Release ACh
- ACh binds to muscarinic or nicotonic receptors
- Opposite effects of sympathetic
Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors are called —?
Cholinergic receptors
