Test 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 types of glands?
- Sweat
2. Sebaceous
What are the 2 types of sweat glands?
- Eccrine
2. Apocrine
This type of gland produces sweat and can react to emotions
Eccrine
This type of gland is found everywhere on the surface of the body except lips and pubic areas.
Eccrine
Produce milk, ear wax and pheromones (gland type)
Apocrine
This type of gland secretes sebum and is responsible for acne
Sebaceous gland
Mostly lipid molecule that helps keep skin and hair soft and waterproof
Sebum
Type of burn: all 3 layers of skin are damaged
3rd degree burn
Type of burn: burn is into the top of dermis, blisters
2nd degree burn
Type of burn: when skin turns pink, only epidermis is damaged
1st degree burn
Worst type of skin cancer?
Malignant melanoma
Separation of dermis and epidermis
Blister
Tearing of dermis, can be genetic, hydrate collagen, can prevent marks
Stretch marks
Through the skin, the patch is an example
Transdermal administration
Breakdown of elastic fibers
Wrinkles
The shaft of the bone
Diaphysis
This is where the marrow is found
Medullary cavity
Types of marrow
Red and yellow
Site of active hematopoiesis
Red marrow
In newborns, almost all marrow is what type?
Red
Where is red marrow made?
- Skull
- Sternum
- Pelvis
Where do you take a marrow biopsy?
Pelvis
This type of marrow is inactive, and mostly fat cells
Yellow marrow
Joints with little mobility
Synarthroses
Where a bone joins directly to another bone, this joint is called?
Synostosis
Where bones are joined by cartilage, the joint is called?
Synchondrosis
Bones that are joined by ligaments are called
Syndesmoses
Joints with great mobility
Diarthroses
These joints have a fluid filled cavity enclosed by a fibrous connective tissue capsule
Diarthroses
The joint cavity is not limited by an epithelium but does have a layer of cells called?
Synovial cells
Stress stimulates bone to thicken and strengthen this is called?
Hypertrophy
The end of bone
Epiphysis
The end of bone is covered with —?
Hyaline cartilage
Large blood vessels that run parallel with the length of the bone
Haversian canals
Run perpendicular to the length of the bone, occur where blood vessels penetrate compact bone
Volkmann’s canals
This lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
Dense irregular tissue layer that is on the outside of the diaphysis
Periosteum
What are the periosteum and endosteum responsible for?
Bone growing in diameter
True or false: it is possible to make bones thicker throughout your entire life
True
This is large sheets of bone
Lamella
Within lamella exist small cavities called?
Lacunae
These are canals that connect lacunae
Canaliculi
The lacunae are occupied by
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are connected to the blood vessels in the bone via the —?
Canaliculi
What are 3 types of osteocytes?
- Osteoprogenitor cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
These are immature osteocytes
Osteoprogenitor cells
Theses secrete the bone matrix, have a well developed Golgi and can differentiate into osteocytes. They build bone.
Osteoblasts
They breakdown bone, “crushers”
Osteoclasts
What is needed for bone growth?
Vitamins, hormones, physical stress
What vitamins promote bone growth?
DAC
What hormones stimulate growth?
Thyroid, growth, sex hormones
What is required for your muscles to contract?
Calcium
–% of all of your bone is broken down everyday
25%
What are the 2 ways that cartilage is replaced by bone?
- Intramembraneous ossification
2. Endocondral ossification
Bones of the skull are formed this way and the clavicle, Cartilage is invaded by osteoblasts.
Intramembraneous ossification
This has primary and secondary ossification
Endochondral ossification
The diaphysis is converted to bone in this type of ossification
Primary ossification
The ends of the epiphysis become bone, the bones regions grow toward each other
Secondary ossification
