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A&P 1 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of glands?

A
  1. Sweat

2. Sebaceous

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A
  1. Eccrine

2. Apocrine

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3
Q

This type of gland produces sweat and can react to emotions

A

Eccrine

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4
Q

This type of gland is found everywhere on the surface of the body except lips and pubic areas.

A

Eccrine

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5
Q

Produce milk, ear wax and pheromones (gland type)

A

Apocrine

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6
Q

This type of gland secretes sebum and is responsible for acne

A

Sebaceous gland

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7
Q

Mostly lipid molecule that helps keep skin and hair soft and waterproof

A

Sebum

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8
Q

Type of burn: all 3 layers of skin are damaged

A

3rd degree burn

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9
Q

Type of burn: burn is into the top of dermis, blisters

A

2nd degree burn

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10
Q

Type of burn: when skin turns pink, only epidermis is damaged

A

1st degree burn

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11
Q

Worst type of skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma

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12
Q

Separation of dermis and epidermis

A

Blister

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13
Q

Tearing of dermis, can be genetic, hydrate collagen, can prevent marks

A

Stretch marks

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14
Q

Through the skin, the patch is an example

A

Transdermal administration

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15
Q

Breakdown of elastic fibers

A

Wrinkles

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16
Q

The shaft of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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17
Q

This is where the marrow is found

A

Medullary cavity

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18
Q

Types of marrow

A

Red and yellow

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19
Q

Site of active hematopoiesis

A

Red marrow

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20
Q

In newborns, almost all marrow is what type?

A

Red

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21
Q

Where is red marrow made?

A
  1. Skull
  2. Sternum
  3. Pelvis
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22
Q

Where do you take a marrow biopsy?

A

Pelvis

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23
Q

This type of marrow is inactive, and mostly fat cells

A

Yellow marrow

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24
Q

Joints with little mobility

A

Synarthroses

25
Q

Where a bone joins directly to another bone, this joint is called?

A

Synostosis

26
Q

Where bones are joined by cartilage, the joint is called?

A

Synchondrosis

27
Q

Bones that are joined by ligaments are called

A

Syndesmoses

28
Q

Joints with great mobility

A

Diarthroses

29
Q

These joints have a fluid filled cavity enclosed by a fibrous connective tissue capsule

A

Diarthroses

30
Q

The joint cavity is not limited by an epithelium but does have a layer of cells called?

A

Synovial cells

31
Q

Stress stimulates bone to thicken and strengthen this is called?

A

Hypertrophy

32
Q

The end of bone

A

Epiphysis

33
Q

The end of bone is covered with —?

A

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

Large blood vessels that run parallel with the length of the bone

A

Haversian canals

35
Q

Run perpendicular to the length of the bone, occur where blood vessels penetrate compact bone

A

Volkmann’s canals

36
Q

This lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

37
Q

Dense irregular tissue layer that is on the outside of the diaphysis

A

Periosteum

38
Q

What are the periosteum and endosteum responsible for?

A

Bone growing in diameter

39
Q

True or false: it is possible to make bones thicker throughout your entire life

A

True

40
Q

This is large sheets of bone

A

Lamella

41
Q

Within lamella exist small cavities called?

A

Lacunae

42
Q

These are canals that connect lacunae

A

Canaliculi

43
Q

The lacunae are occupied by

A

Osteocytes

44
Q

Osteocytes are connected to the blood vessels in the bone via the —?

A

Canaliculi

45
Q

What are 3 types of osteocytes?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteoclasts
46
Q

These are immature osteocytes

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

47
Q

Theses secrete the bone matrix, have a well developed Golgi and can differentiate into osteocytes. They build bone.

A

Osteoblasts

48
Q

They breakdown bone, “crushers”

A

Osteoclasts

49
Q

What is needed for bone growth?

A

Vitamins, hormones, physical stress

50
Q

What vitamins promote bone growth?

A

DAC

51
Q

What hormones stimulate growth?

A

Thyroid, growth, sex hormones

52
Q

What is required for your muscles to contract?

A

Calcium

53
Q

–% of all of your bone is broken down everyday

A

25%

54
Q

What are the 2 ways that cartilage is replaced by bone?

A
  1. Intramembraneous ossification

2. Endocondral ossification

55
Q

Bones of the skull are formed this way and the clavicle, Cartilage is invaded by osteoblasts.

A

Intramembraneous ossification

56
Q

This has primary and secondary ossification

A

Endochondral ossification

57
Q

The diaphysis is converted to bone in this type of ossification

A

Primary ossification

58
Q

The ends of the epiphysis become bone, the bones regions grow toward each other

A

Secondary ossification

A&P 1 (3 decks)

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