Test 1 Flashcards
The number of neutrons does not equal the number of electrons and protons
Isotope
Name this: 2 neutrons, 3 protons, and 3 electrons
Isotope
When the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons and neutrons.
Ion
Example: 2 electrons, 3 protons, 3 neutrons
Ion
Ions always have electrical charge (T or F)
True
The number of hydrogen ions in a solution
PH
As you add H+ to a solution, the PH number goes (1) and the solution becomes more (2)?
1) down
2) acidic
They are very specific and sensitive to their environment, they speed up the reaction by lowering the activation energy
Enzymes
What are the parts of a membrane?
- Proteins
- Cholesterol
- Carbohydrates
- Phospholipid bilayer
This part of the membrane adds strength to the membrane
Cholesterol
These are used for cell recognition, an example is ABO blood typing
Carbohydrates chains
Part of the membrane that serve as channels and receptor sites
Protein
Make up the “skin” of the cell
Phospholipid bilayer
The head is hydro—? And the tail is hydro—?
Head= hydrophilic Tail= hydrophobic
Increase in the size of cells without division, the opposite of this is atrophy
Hypertrophy
Increase the number of cells due to an increase in cell division
Hyperplasia
What is an example of hyperplasia?
Cancer
What are the functions of SER?
- Produce testosterone
- Produce tri-glycerol in intestines
- Detox the liver
Bubble full of digestive enzymes?
Lysosomes
Produce most of the cell’s ATP
Mitochondria
What 3 things are lysosomes used for?
- Phagocytosis
- Autophagy
- Autolysis
This destroys the whole cell, example is webbing between toes of embryo
Auto lysis
Used for cell recycling, example is some tissues replace mitochondria every 10 days
Autophagy
Used for “cell editing”, destroys foreign material brought into cell
Phagocytosis
These are the internal muscles of the cell
Microfilaments
These form cilia and flagella
Microtubules
Little hair like processes that line the upper respiratory tract
Cilia
Only men produce flagella (T or F)
Truer, they are on the tails of sperm
The individual cell does not have to expend energy to move oxygen (T or F)
True
What are the types of passive movement?
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
Movement that moves things from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Passive movement
The cell does not have to spend energy in — movement
Passive movement
Water follows salt
Osmosis
List 5 things that will affect the rate of diffusion
- Time
- Distance
- Concentration
- PH
- Temperature
Diffusion requiring a molecule to “open the door”, Example: insulin lets sugar into the cell
Facilitated diffusion
The cell spends ATP, and movement is from low concentration to high concentration
Active movement
What are the 4 types of tissue?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
This allows movement of ions easily and quickly
Gap junctions
Naming of epithelial tissue:
1 layer = (a)
2 or more layers= (b)
A) simple
B) stratified
Naming epithelial tissue:
Flat = (a)
Cube = (b)
Tower = (c)
A) squamous
B) cuboidal
C) columnar
Where can you find pseudo tissues?
Trachea and bronchi
This includes bone, blood, and fat
Connective tissue
All connective fibers are made up of:
Ground substances
Cells
Fibers
List the fiber types in connective tissue
- Collagen
- Elastic fibers
- Reticular fibers
Most common fiber type, used to hold things together
Collagen
When you Can’t make collagen correctly
Marfan syndrome
Found in areas subject to stretching, damaged by UV light
Elastic fibers
Form stroma of many soft organs
Reticular fibers
Internal skeleton of organs
Stroma
Where two bones come together
Joints
Attach muscles to bones
Tendon
Hold bones together at joints, bone to bone
Ligaments
