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Biology 2051 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Most ancient genus of known bacteria

A

Aquifex

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2
Q

Most thermophilic of all bacteria

A

Aquifex

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3
Q

cells are surrounded by protein covering (toga)

A

Thermotoga

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4
Q

Not a thermophile, but had rRNA sequence that is similar to Aquifer, Thermotoga, and Chloroflexi

A

Deinococcus species

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5
Q

first isolated by foods sterilized by game radiation
can tolerate up to 5000 g-rays of radiation
stains gram positive due to thick peptidoglycan layer, but has an outer membrane like gram negative

A

Deinococcus species

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6
Q

large group of oxygenic phototrophs

A

Cyanobacteria

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7
Q

have thylakoids and carboxysome body and grow as filaments

A

Cyanobacteria

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8
Q

Fix N2

A

cyanobacteria, heliobacterium species, Azotobacter vinelandii, Rhizobium species, Prochlorococcus

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9
Q

have gas vesicles for buoyancy and cause nuisance blooms in freshwater
secrete many neurotoxins

A

cyanobacteria

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10
Q

survival stucture formed by Cyanobacteria

A

Akinetes

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11
Q

Smallest and most abundant photosynthetic microorganism on earth

A

Prochlorococcus species

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12
Q

3 divisions of Gram positive bacteria

A

Firmicutes, mollicutes, and actinobacteria

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13
Q

halotolerant, can be found on the skin and mucous membrane

A

Staphylococcus species

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14
Q

fermentative bacteria that produce lactic acid

A

Streptococcus/Lactobacillus species

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15
Q

can grow in very acid environments

A

Lactobacillus species

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16
Q

4 endospore formers

A

Clostridium, Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Heliobacterium

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17
Q

Strict anaerobes

Tetanus, botox, gangrene

A

Clostridium species

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18
Q

forms crystal in caterpillar’s gut (crystalline inclusion)

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

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19
Q

unique among endospore formers because cells are cocci instead of rods
common in soils

A

Sporosarcina species

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20
Q

anoxygenic phototrophs; strictly anaerobic
reside in soils and in highly alkaline environments
produce bacteriochlorophyll g

A

Heliobacterium species

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21
Q

key components of peptidoglycan are missing
Pleomorphic
pathogenic

A

Tenericutes/Mollicutes

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22
Q

example of mollicutes

A

Mycoplasma species

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23
Q

“low GC”

A

Firmicutes

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24
Q

“High GC”

A

Actinobacteria

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25
Q

produce mycelium analogous to mycelium of fungi
reproductive structures called conidia
primarily in soil microorganisms, responsible for earthy odor soils

A

Streptomyces species

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26
Q

produce over 500 distinct antibiotics including ahminoglycosides, tetracyclines, daptomycin, platensimycin

A

Streptomyces species

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27
Q

rod-shaped
acid fast due to mycolic acids
many are slow growers due to waxy/hydrophobic outer later

A

mycobacterium species

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28
Q

Largest and most metabolic group of bacteria

A

Proteobacteria

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29
Q

involved in a mutualistic relationship

A

alpha proteobacteria

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30
Q

fix nitrogen for the plants; plants provide photosynthesis products (can be oxidized to generate energy)

A

Rhizobium species

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31
Q

deficient in most metabolic functions, must get metabolites from host

A

Rickettsias species

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32
Q

very diverse in their degradation capacities

A

Beta proteobacteria

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33
Q

rods and curved rods

most inhibit aquatic environments

A

vibrio species (vibrio cholerae)

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34
Q

aerobic rod shaped bacteria with polar flagella

Major biofilm former

A

Pseudomonas species (pseudomonas aeruginosa)

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35
Q

colonize human intestinal tract

possess relatively simple nutritional requirements

A

Enteric Bacteria

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36
Q

example of mix-acid fermenters

A

Escherichia coli

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37
Q

example of butanediol fermenter

A

Enterobacter aerogenes

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38
Q

universal inhabitants of intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals
synthesize vitamins for host

A

Escherichia coli

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39
Q

food poisoning (pathogenicity island)

A

Salmonella species

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40
Q

Shingellosis (dysentery)

A

Shingella species

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41
Q

free-living, aerobic
large, obligately aerobic rods
can form resting structures (cysts)
produce extensive capsules or slime layers

A

Azotobacter vinelandii

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42
Q

Gliding bacteria, twitching motility

lifestyle includes consumption of dead organic matter or other bacterial cells

A

Myxococcus species

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43
Q

Parasitic to other bacteria

grows in periplasm of host, feeding on the biopolymers

A

Bdellovibrio species

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44
Q

Common host and end result of Bdellovibrio species

A

E. coli

lysis of host cells

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45
Q

smallest group of proteobacteria

abundant in toxic and anoxic interfaces in sulfur-rich environments

A

Epsilon proteobacteria

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46
Q

cause stomach ulcers

burrows below protective mucous layer

A

Heliobacter pylori

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47
Q

30% of weight of human fecal material is made of this

A

Bacteroides species

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48
Q

synthesize sphingolipids

A

Bacteroides species

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49
Q

contain chlorosomes

filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs

A

Chloroflexus species

50
Q

unusual membrane lipids (cell wall is composed of protein and lacks peptidoglycan

A

Thermomicrobrobium species

51
Q

green sulfur bacteria
utilize H2S as an electron donor
found at greatest depths of any phototropic organism

A

Chlorobium species

52
Q

Coiled shaped bacteria usually found in aquatic environment

motile and possess endoflagella

A

Spirochetes

53
Q

anaerobic host-associated spirochetes that are commensal or parasites of humans

A

Treponema species

54
Q

causes syphyilis

A

Treponema pallidum

55
Q

cause lyme disease

has a linear chromosome

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

56
Q

poor metabolic capacity
no peptidoglycan
currently on of the leading sexually transmitted diseases

A

Chlamydia species

57
Q

most common sexually transmitted bacteria in the US

A

Venereal disease

58
Q

epidemic in birds that can cause blindness in humans

A

Psiltacosis

59
Q

leading cause of blindness in humans

A

Conjuctivitis or trachoma

60
Q

survives outside of host

similar in function to endospore

A

small elementary bodies

61
Q

grows within cells

does not survive outside host

A

large reticulate body

62
Q

primary aquatic bacteria that reproduce by budding
possess protein stalks for attachment
S layer protein cell wall

A

Planctomycetes

63
Q

wrinkled microbes
form cytoplasmic extensions called protheca
contain tubulin

A

Verrucomicrobia

64
Q

require at least 9% NaCl for growth

A

Extreme Halophiles

65
Q

prevent water loss in hypertonic environment

A

Halobacterium salinarium

66
Q

very diverse habitats : from marshes to landfills to termite gut
Very diverse cell wall: from pseudomurein to protein/glycoprotein to glycoproteins to S-layer

A

Methanogens

67
Q

lack cell walls (2)

A

Thermoplasmatales, Crenarchaeota, Mycoplasma species

68
Q

most strains have been isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles

A

Thermoplasmatales

69
Q

Unique cytoplasmic membrane structure to tolerate high temperatures and low pH levels
membrane contains lipoglycan consisting of tetra ether lipid monolayer with mannose and glucose

A

Thermoplasma species

70
Q

Membrane contains glycoproteins but not sterols

A

Thermoplasma species

71
Q

Grow optimally at 100 degrees C

highly motile

A

Hyperthermophiles

72
Q

Example of Hyperthermophile

A

Pyrococcus species : “fireball”

73
Q

irregular in shape
no cell wall
unique lipid: crenarchaeol
use sulfur containing compounds as electron acceptor

A

Crenarchaeota

74
Q

one of the smallest cellular organisms

A

Nanoarchaeota

75
Q

found in Obsidian Pool at Yellowstone

No pure cultures exist

A

Korarchaeota

76
Q

Grows chemolithrophically by aerobically oxidizing ammonia

capable of using CO2 as a carbon source

A

Thaumarchaeota

77
Q

Which domain has the greatest diversity of size?

A

Eukaryotes

78
Q

what are fungi cell walls made of

79
Q

non-motile, most grow hyphae

80
Q

unicellular fungi

reproduce via budding

81
Q

One of the most beneficial yeasts (associated with winemaking, making and brewing)

A

Saccharomyces cervisiae

82
Q

common in habitats where sugars are present

A

Saccharomyces cervisiae

83
Q

form motile reproductive zoospores, symbiont in bovine rumen

84
Q

frog pathogen

85
Q

non-motile sporangiospores (gametes)

fuse to form zygospore

A

Zygomycetes

86
Q

Zygomycete primarily known for food spoilage

A

Rhizopus species

87
Q

Produce spores called basidiospore

A

basidiomycetes

88
Q

true mushrooms

A

basidiomycetes

89
Q

Three groups of algae

A

Phytoplankton, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta

90
Q

Four groups of Fungi

A

yeast, chytrids, zygomycetes, basidiomycetes

91
Q

paired flagella

stores energy as starch

A

Phytoplankton

92
Q

Green algae (chlorophyll a)

A

Chlorophyta

93
Q

red algae (phycoerythrin)

A

Rhodophyta

94
Q

grow near top of the water

multiple life forms

A

Green Algae

95
Q

allows growth in deeper waters

sulfated sugar polymers: agar (agarose)

A

Phycoerythrin

96
Q

amorphous shape, move and absorb food using pseudopods

97
Q

parasites of verebrates and invertebrates

A

Entamoeba species

98
Q

Protist that causes severe stomach illness

A

Entamoeba histolytica

99
Q

Brain eating bacteria, enters through the nose, forms cyst

A

Naegleria fowleri

100
Q

aggregate to form fruiting body

A

slime molds

101
Q

shelled ameobas

102
Q

needle-like pseudopods, shells have holes for pseudopods to project from and are made of silica

A

Radiolarians

103
Q

shells made of calcium carbonate

indicators of petroleum deposits

A

Foraminiferans

104
Q

may function to help maintain osmotic balance

105
Q

have extrusomes, microtubules, and multiple cilia or flagella

106
Q

contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic balance

possess two nuclei

107
Q 
two long flagella 
carotenoids 
extrusomes 
endosymbionts 
biolumenescent
A

Dingoflagellates

108
Q

Red tide

A

Dingoflagellates

109
Q

when endosymbionts leave the coral

A

coral bleaching

110
Q

large group of parasitic protists

NO CILIA

A

Apicomplexans

111
Q

cause malaria, most important parasitic disease world wide, infects liver and red blood cells

A

Plasmodium species (P. falciparum)

112
Q

possess kinetoplast: a mass of DNA present in their single, large mitochondria

A

Trypanosomes species

113
Q

carried by tsete fly, causes African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

114
Q

carried by “kissing” bug, causes Chaga’s Disease (enlargement of the heart)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

115
Q

have two nuclei

lack mitochondria, possess mitosome

A

Giardia species

116
Q

causes gastroenteristis (2)

A

Giardia lamblia, Vibrio cholerae

117
Q

Lack mitochondria but have hydrogenosomes

Genomes lack introns

A

Trichomonas species

118
Q

4 Groups of Euryarchaeota

A

Extreme halophiles, Methanogens, Thermoplasmatales, and Hyperthermophiles

119
Q

located in hydrothermal vents and hot springs

A

Nanoarchaeota

120
Q

species responsible for bread mold

A

Rhizopus species

121
Q

unicellular form of chlorophyta that have flagella

A

Chlamydomonas species

Biology 2051 (4 decks)

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