Test 3

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Locations on a chromosome dealing with a specific trait.

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

Letters used to represent genes.

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

Having two of the same alleles.

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

Having two different alleles.

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

The alleles.

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The physical expression (What does it look like).

Question 7

Dominant masks?

Answer 7

Recessive.

Question 8

What is F1?

Answer 8

The first generation.

Question 9

What happens in incomplete dominance?

Answer 9

The only thing that changes is the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Question 10

How do you do a test cross?

Answer 10

Done by crossing unknown with a homozygous recessive then look at the phenotype of offspring.

Question 11

Why do you do a test cross?

Answer 11

When an allele of a parent is unknown.

Question 12

What chromosome determines sex?

Answer 12

23rd

Question 13

How many alleles does human blood have?

Answer 13

3 (Immunoglobin)

Question 14

What is the allele of human blood Type A?

Answer 14

I^A I^A, I^Ai

Question 15

What is the allele of human blood Type B?

Answer 15

I^B I^B, I^Bi

Question 16

What is the allele of human blood Type AB?

Answer 16

I^A I^B

Question 17

What is the allele of human blood Type O?

Answer 17

ii

Question 18

What did Mendel study in terms of genetics?

Answer 18

Pea plants and the flower color of the pea plants.

Question 19

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis take place in what phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

The synthesis or S phase.

Question 20

Semi conservative means?

Answer 20

Keeps old parts.

Question 21

What is protein synthesis-transportation?

Answer 21

Copied from DNA —> RNA to ribosome unzips —> messenger RNA fills in with Uracil.

Question 22

What is a codon?

Answer 22

3 base pairs = one amino acid

Question 23

What are the stop codons?

Answer 23

UGA, UAA, UAG

Question 24

What is the start codon?

Answer 24

Methionine

Question 25

What is polygenetic inheritance?

Answer 25

More than just a pair of chromosomes control a characteristic or trait.

Question 26

What is an example of a polygenetic trait or characteristic?

Answer 26

Eye color

Question 27

Polygenetic inheritance gives a _______ of phenotypes?

Answer 27

Contiuum

Question 28

What is a mutation?

Answer 28

A change in genetic message.

Question 29

What is a chromosomal anomaly?

Answer 29

Effects part of a chromosome or an entire one. (This is a bigger change than a mutation)

Question 30

What does mutation effect?

Answer 30

One or more base pairs on the DNA.

Question 31

How can mutation occur?

Answer 31

Genetic, chemical exposure, radiation, UV, drugs, etc.

Question 32

What are examples of a chromosomal anomaly?

Answer 32

Translocation, inversion, trisomy, or monosomy

Question 33

What is point mutation?

Answer 33

1 base pair changed/deleted, when deletion occurs everything is shifted from that deletion on. This is also called a frame shift mutation.

Question 34

What is crossing over?

Answer 34

The mixing of alleles of 2 parents. Allows children to have a combination of traits from each parent.

Question 35

Which do you read the chart for to make proteins? (DNA, mRNA, or tRNA)

Answer 35

mRNA