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Music 111 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

Impressionism characteristics music

A 
Smaller orchestras - less orchestration
Great use of tonal color (timbre)
Parallel motion
Gentle treatment of rhythm
Asian tonality
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2
Q

Impressionism characteristics

A

Tried to capture something that’s incomplete
Fond of nature
Common places

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3
Q

Top two French impressionists

A
  1. Claude Debussy

2. Maurice Ravel

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4
Q

Early 20th century music characteristics 1900-1945

A

Tone color (timbre) was most important characteristic of this time
Harmony- polytonality, atonality-alternatives to trad. tonal systems
Polyrhythmic- different rhythms throughout piece
Abstract melody, differs throughout piece
Composers inspired by folk, Asian, African, Middle East & past music

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5
Q

Polytonality

A

the musical use of more than one key simultaneously. Bitonality is the use of only two different keys at the same time.

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6
Q

Polychordal

A

Playing two or more chords at one time

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7
Q

Polyrhythmic

A

simultaneous use of two or more conflicting rhythms, that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another

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8
Q

Atonality

A

music that lacks a tonal center, or key.

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9
Q

Twelve tone system (set, tone row)

A

C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B
Can be rearranged in any order
Can’t repeat a note until all others are used

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10
Q

Tone cluster

A

Chord using at least three adjacent tones in a scale

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11
Q

Neoclassicism characteristics

A

More clearly perceptible themes
Revived forms of earlier periods (eg. romantic and baroque period)
Avoided the exaggerated gestures and complex forms of late romanticism
Characteristics borrowed from both the classical period and newer trends evolving at the time
Was more emotionally restrained than the romanticism at the time

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12
Q

Igor Stravinsky - the firebird, petrouchka, the rite of spring – composed for what?

A

Ballet and orchestral work

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13
Q

Premier of rite of spring

A

Riot, people hated it

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14
Q

Expressionism characteristics

A

Expressionist music is atonal
Each piece generally confines itself to expressing one intense emotion.
Composers make full use of the pitch range of instruments
Timbre is felt to be as important as the melody
Extremes of dynamics, from as quiet as possible to as loud as possible
Pieces tend to be quite short

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15
Q

Sprechstimme

A

Sung speech

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16
Q

alban berg and anton webern

A

Studied under Arnold Schoenberg

Leaders in atonal music

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17
Q

Bella Bartok - Hungarian music

A 
Deeply expressive, rhythmically powerful
Unexpected accents & imaginative tone color (timbre)
Percussive drum like sounds out of piano
Polychordal
Took inspiration from many places
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18
Q

Charles Ives

A 
Music rooted in folk/dance/popular music
Unconventional, combined melodies
Polyrhythmic, Polychordal, polytonal
Ear splitting dissonance, very hard music to perform
Composed art songs, concerts etc.
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19
Q

George Gershwin- rhapsody in blues opening solo for what instrument

A

Clarinet

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20
Q

William Grant Still

A

African American composer

Danzas de panama

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21
Q

Aaron Copland - Appalachian spring

A

Composed for ballet and 13 member chamber orchestra

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22
Q

Serialism

A

Use of twelve tone technique to organize rhythm, dynamics, and tone color.

23
Q

Chance music (aleatory music)

A

Where a composer choses pitches, tone colors, and rhythms by random methods or allows a performer to choose much of the musical material.

24
Q

Quotation music

A

Works containing deliberate quotations from earlier music.

25
Q

Minimalist music

A

Characterized by a steady pulse, clean tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns.

26
Q

Characteristics of Music Since 1945

A

Return to tonality by some composers

Electronic music
“Liberation of sound”
Mixed media
New concepts of rhythm & form

27
Q

John cage prepared piano

A

Items placed on piano strings to alter sound

28
Q

Edgard varese - poeme electronique

A

designed for the 1958 Brussels World Fair; one of the earliest masterpieces of electronic music created

29
Q

ellen taaffe zwilich symphony No 1 quoted what?

A

Handel’s sonata

30
Q

Minimalistic music characteristics

A

Static harmonies
Pulse driven
Static instrumentation

31
Q

Important minimalist composers

A

Steve Reich
Terry Riley
Philip Glass

32
Q

John Adams

A

Transmigration of souls - won Pulitzer

-commemorates victims of 9/11

33
Q

Characteristics of jazz

A

Improvisation
Syncopated rhythms
Steady beat
Unique tone color (timbre)

34
Q

Rhythm section

A

Piano/guitar and bass/drums - typically three people

35
Q

Improvisation

A

creative activity of “in the moment” musical composition, typically musician has basic idea of what is to be played

36
Q

Syncopation

A

Emphasizing the off beat

37
Q

Scat singing

A

No language, “beep bopping” with music

38
Q

Roots of jazz

A

Origins are unknown

Draws from works songs (field holler)

39
Q

King of rags (ragtime)

A

Scott Joplin

40
Q

Blues - Bessie Smith

A

Known as Empress of blues

41
Q

New Orleans style

A

Dixie land jazz
Polyphonic, 12 set bars that were played
Front line musicians- clarinet, trumpet, trombone, sax

42
Q

Swing era instruments

A

Clarinet, trumpet, trombone, sax

43
Q

Swing era composers

A

Count Basie
Tommy Dorsey
Benny Goodman
Glenn Miller

44
Q

Jazz rock composer

A

Miles Davis
Herbie Hancock
Chick Cores

45
Q

Orchestrator/arranger

A

Writes music for band

46
Q

Musical theatre characteristics

A 
Simple melody
Simple harmonic structure
Spoken dialogue
Smaller singing range
Collaborative art form- composer, lyricist, orchestrator & choreographer
Small orchestra- 15 to 20 musicians
Amplified singing
47
Q

Music theatre evolved from what & where

A

Evolved from vaudeville in New York

48
Q

How many shows per week in Broadway?

A

8 shows

49
Q

Golden age of musical theatre

A

1920-1960

50
Q

Leonard Bernstein genres

A 
Show/musical
Orchestral
Choral
Vocal music
Symphony
Concerto
Opera
Ballet
Chamber music
51
Q

Film music characteristics

A

Creates convincing atmosphere
Gives cues about unspoken thoughts/feeling/foreshadowing
Filler music
Builds sense of continuity, associated w/ character or situation
Contributes to buildup of a scene, leads to resolution(or lack of)

52
Q

Composer of music in: ET, jaws, superman, Schindler’s list, Munich

A

John Williams

53
Q

Impressionism

A

1890-1910

Music 111 (3 decks)

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