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Music 111 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
0
Q

Beat

A

Unit of musical rhythm

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1
Q

Pitch

A

Frequency of a note determining how high or low it sounds - tone

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2
Q

Meter

A

Recurring pattern of stresses or accents that provide the pulse or beat of the music

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3
Q

Dynamics

A

Loudness or softness of a musical composition

Piano, mezzo-piano, mezzo-forte, forte

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4
Q

Timbre

A

Tone color, quality of sound that distinguishes one verse or instrument from another

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5
Q

Voices

A

Soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass

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6
Q

Brass

A

Trumpet, trombone, tuba, French horn, cornet, bugle

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7
Q

Percussion

A

Drums, triangle, chimes, tam-tam, glockenspiel, timpani, bells, xylophone

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8
Q

Strings

A

Violin, viola, cello, bass, harp, dulcimer

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9
Q

Wood winds

A

Flute, piccolo, clarinet, bassoon, oboe

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10
Q

Tempo

A

Indicated speed

Largo, adagio, moderato, allegro, presto

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11
Q

Grand staff

A

Combination of staff line with treble clef and bass clef

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12
Q

Melody

A

Sequence of single notes, recognizable piece

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13
Q

Harmony

A

Staggered melodies played together

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14
Q

Texture

A

Monophonic-a Capella single melody
Homophonic-single melody with accompaniment
Polyphonic-two or melodies at the same time

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15
Q

Musical form

A

Ternary-ABA’

Binary-AABB or A:|| B:||

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16
Q

Middle Ages

A

450-1450

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17
Q

Renaissance

A

1450-1600

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18
Q

Baroque

A

1600-1750

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19
Q

Classical

A

1750-1820

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20
Q

Romantic

A

1820-1900

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21
Q

Gregorian chant

A

Monophonic
Free, un-rhythmed
Latin- a Capella, legato

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22
Q

Troubadour and Trouvère

A

Created first vernacular song to be written down

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23
Q

Organum

A

Chant melody with at least one voice added to enhance the harmony

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24
Q

Norte dame mass- leonin & perotin

A

Composed first polyphonic church music

25
Q

Guillaume de Machaut

A

Helped develop motet and secular song forms

Ars Nova

26
Q

Notre dame mass

A

Composed by Guillaume de Machaut
Polyphonic mass
Earliest complete setting of ordinary of the mass attributable to a single composer

27
Q

Gap Palestrina’s mass

Pope Marcellus mass

A

Composed in memory of pope Marcellus II

28
Q

Mass ordinary

A

Set of texts of the roman rites mass

Generally invariable

29
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A

German female
Writer and composer of Christian music
Used canon

30
Q

Characteristics of Renaissance

A

Vocals>instruments
Relationship between text and music-enhance emotion
Word painting
Dynamics were unchanging - texture was polyphonic
Golden age of a Capella

31
Q

Word painting

A

Writing music that reflects the literal meaning of the text in the song

32
Q

Mass

A

Ordinary (standard sections) of Roman Catholic Latin mass

33
Q

Motet

A

Sacred works

34
Q

Josquin desprez

A

First master of high renaissance style of polyphonic vocal music

35
Q

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

A

Conservative approach to church music

36
Q

Madrigal

A

Secular part song - sentimental, rhythmic

A Capella

37
Q

Characteristics of baroque music

A 
Consistent mood and rhythm throughout
Melody had sense of continuity and pattern
Terraced dynamics and highly polyphonic 
Basso continuo 
Word painting
38
Q

Baroque

A

Irregularity shaped, grotesque, over the top, abnormal

39
Q

Doctrine of affections/affects

A

Spiritual movement of the mind

By using standard musical procedure a particular involuntary emotion response from the audience could be created

40
Q

Terraced dynamics

A

Piano to forte no inbetween

41
Q

Basso continuo

A

Harpsichord/organ + bassoon/cello

Center of the baroque orchestra

42
Q

Figured bass

A

Bass line with intended harmonies indicated by figures instead of written out chords

43
Q

Keyboard instruments of baroque period

A

Harpsichord and organ

44
Q

Concerto grosso

A

Several movements

Soloists + orchestra reply to each other

45
Q

Fugue

A

Theme introduced and then imitated in different pitches and recurs throughout the piece

46
Q

Composer

A

Artist who writes music to be played by musicians

47
Q

Librettist

A

Writer of the text of an opera

48
Q

Conductor

A

Person who directs the performance of an orchestra or opera or choir

49
Q

Concertmaster

A

Leading first violin player in some orchestras

50
Q

Aria

A

Long accompanied song for a solo voice

51
Q

Recitative

A

Narrative and dialogue- sung in rhythm of ordinary speech
Sets up plot
Secco-harpsichord with singer
Accompanied-orchestra with singer

52
Q

Castrati singers

A

Young boys-puberty age
Some were castrated so voice wouldn’t deepen
Highest payed musicians

53
Q

Claudio Monterverdi

A

Developer of opera and brought “modern” secular spirit into church music

54
Q

Henry Purcell

A

Opera- dido and Aeneas

55
Q

Ostinato / ground bass

A

Continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm

56
Q

Cantata characteristics

A

Music for sacred service - vocal

57
Q

Oratorio

A

Performed in Place of prayer

Narrator, chorus, orchestra, soloists, concert wear

58
Q

Four seasons genre

A

Violin concerto

59
Q

The messiah genre

A

Oratorio

60
Q

George Fredrick Handel genres

A

Known for operas and oratorios

61
Q

How many Brandenburg concertos did Bach compose

A

Six concertos for chamber orchestra

Music 111 (3 decks)

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