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Lecture Medical Assistant > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

how do you chart patient instructions

A 
date
time
type of information provided
patient signs form to indicate they got the instructions
ma witnesses signature
filed in chart
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1
Q

how to document specimen collection

A

date
time of collection
type of specimen
area from where it came

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2
Q

chart forms include:

A
  • health history
  • consent for treatment
  • consent to use and disclose health information
  • history and physical
  • progress notes
  • medication log
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3
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A
  • long bones
  • short bones
  • flat bones
  • sesamoid bones
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4
Q

what is an example of a long bone?

A

humerus

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5
Q

what is an example of a short bone?

A

carpal

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6
Q

what is an example of a flat bone?

A

skull
pelvis
scapula

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7
Q

what is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

patella

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8
Q

Name the 9 types of joints

A
  • synarthroses
  • amphiarthroses
  • diarthroses
  • ball and socket
  • condyle
  • hinge
  • gliding
  • pivot
  • saddle
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9
Q

what does synarthroses mean?

A

immoveable - skull

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10
Q

what does amphiarthroses mean?

A

slightly moveable - pelvic symphysis

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11
Q

what does diarthroses mean?

A

freely moveable - shoulder, elbow

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12
Q

tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together

A

ligaments

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13
Q

strong, tough cords of dense connective tissue that usually attach muscle to bone

A

tendons

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14
Q

semi-smooth, dense, supporting connective tissue

A

cartilage

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15
Q

an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine

A

lordosis

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16
Q

treatment for lordosis

A

weight-loss

exercise

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17
Q

an abnormal outward curvature of the spine

A

kyphosis

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18
Q

treatment for kyphosis

A

exercise
spinal fusion
vertebroplasty

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19
Q

a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

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20
Q

treatment for scoliosis

A

exercise
back brace
fusion of the vertebrae

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21
Q

the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of one or more joints

A

osteoarthritis

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22
Q

causes of osteoarthritis

A

aging process
heredity
injury
chronic diseases; diabetes and obesity

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23
Q

signs of osteoarthritis

A

spur formation on fingers

degeneration of spinal vertebrae and pelvic joints

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24
Q

how do you treat osteoarthritis

A

reduce inflammation, minimize pain

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25
Q

an infectious bacterial disease spread by deer tick bites

A

lyme disease

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26
Q

any abnormal growth in the bone

A

bone tumor

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27
Q

3 types of bone tumors

A
  • chondrogenic (from cartilage)
  • osteogenic (from bone)
  • fibrogenic ( from fibrous tissue)
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28
Q

the forcible displacement of a bone from its joint, causing loss of joint function

A

dislocation

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29
Q

treatment for dislocation

A

proper repositioning of joint within 30 minutes of the injury

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30
Q

caused by stress on the bones resulting from a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system, severe muscle spasm, or bone disease

A

fracture (broken bones)

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31
Q

general treatments for fracture

A
  • depends on location, type, and severity and cause
  • simple fracture of a long bone = reduction and immobilization
  • compound fracture = cleaning, debriding, reduction, immobilization (bone came through the skin)
  • internal fixation = open reduction (hip fracture)
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32
Q

an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should.
may be benign or malignant
also called a tumor

A

neoplasm

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33
Q

a localized area of enlargement of the inner portion of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe

A

bunion
wearing footwear that is too tight
toes being squeezed too much

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34
Q

injured tendons, muscles, or other tissues resulting from overuse, overstretching, or excessive forcible stretching of the tissue beyond its functional capacity

A

strains

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35
Q

acute partial tears of a ligament

A

sprains

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36
Q

what are the parts of the physical exam?

A

health history
physical exam
tests

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37
Q

3 reasons why a physical exam is done

A 
health maintenance
disease prevention
employment
school
military
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38
Q

what does a physical exam do?

A

to help determine the state of health, diagnosis, treatments and changes in patients under their care

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39
Q

scientific method of determining and identifying a patients condition through evaluation of the health history, PE, lab tests, and diagnostic test

A

final diagnosis

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40
Q

intermediate step in the determination of a final disgnosis
obtained through evaluation if health history and PE
WITHOUT lab and other tests

A

clinical diagnosis

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41
Q

two or more diseases may have similar symptoms

determines which disease is causing the symptoms so that a final diagnosis can be made

A

differential diagnosis

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42
Q

probable course and outcome of a patients condition and the patients prospects for recovery

A

prognosis

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43
Q

physical or behavioral condition that increases the probability that an individual will develop a particular condition

A

risk factor

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44
Q

name three risk factors

A

genetic factors
habits
environmental conditions

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45
Q

characterized by symptoms that have a rapid onset

A

acute illness

flu

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46
Q

characterized by symptoms that persist for more than 3 months
patient shows little change over time

A

chronic illness
diabetes
copd

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47
Q

a procedure performed to treat patients condition with the goal of eliminating it or promoting as much recovery as possible

A

therapeutic procedure

administration of medications

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48
Q

performed to assist in the diagnosis of a patients condition

A

diagnostic procedure
x-ray
stress test
MRI

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49
Q

the analysis and study of specimens obtained from patient to assist in diagnosis and treatment of disease

A

laboratory testing
biopsy
cultures

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50
Q

how do you identify the patient

A

by their name and date of birth

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51
Q

3 MA responsibilities

A

take vital signs
measure height and weight
explain purpose of exam and answer questions
reduce pt apprehension

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52
Q

process of measuring a patient

A

mensuration

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53
Q

change in which may be significant in:

A

diagnosis of patients condition
prescribing treatment

cardiac, diabetes, diet, hypertension

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54
Q

uses an upright scale balance

A

weight

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55
Q

divided into 50-lb increments

A

lower calibration

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56
Q

divided into pounds and quarter pounds

A

upper calibration lines

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57
Q

indicate pound increments

A

longer calibration

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58
Q

indicate quarter-pound and half-pound increments

A

shorter calibration lines

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59
Q

when weighing a patient measure to the….

A

nearest quarter pound

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60
Q

laying down on your back

examination of head, chest, abdomen

A

supine

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61
Q

laying on back

examination of back, extension of hip joint

A

prone

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62
Q

laying down with legs up on the table

examination of vagina and rectum, insertion of urinary catheters

A

dorsal recumbent

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63
Q

laying down with feet on stirups

used for pelvic, vaginal, and rectal exams

A

lithotomy

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64
Q

left-side laying

used to examine the vagina and rectum, to measure rectal temperature, administer an enema

A

sims

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65
Q

downward dog

examine the rectum, perform a protoscopic examination

A

knee-chest

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66
Q

sitting up with table/back support
examine upper body of patients with cardiovascular and respiratory problems
easier for patients to breathe in this postition
draw blood from patients who faint

A

fowlers

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67
Q

position at 90 degrees

A

hi fowlers

68
Q

position at 45 degrees

A

semi fowler

69
Q

extent of assessment during PE depends on

A

purpose of exam

patients condition

70
Q

through assessment of all body systems

A

complete PE

71
Q

patients who exhibit symptoms of illness:

A

do not require a complete PE

DR examines parts associated with symptoms

72
Q

the process of observing a patient to detect signs of disease

A

inspection

73
Q

3 kinds of inspection

A 
color
speech
deformities
skin conditions
body movements
anxiety level
74
Q

the process of feeling with the hands to detect the signs of disease
helps verify data obtained from inspection
patients verbal and facial expressions are observed

A

palpation

75
Q

2 types of palpation

A

light - determine areas of tenderness (finger tips)

deep- to examinee condition of organs (2 hands)

76
Q

the process of tapping body and listening to the sounds produced to detect the signs of diease

A

percussion

77
Q

used to determine-
size
density
location of organs

A

percussion

78
Q

produce a dull sound

A

dense structures - liver

79
Q

produce a hollow sound

A

empty or air filled structures - lungs

80
Q

the process of listening with a stethoscope to the sounds produced within the body to detect the signs of disease

A

auscultation

81
Q

utilization of the correct muscles to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment

A

body mechanics

82
Q

spine consists of bones called

A

vertebrae

83
Q

an infectious disease spread by deer tick bites

  • flu-like symptoms
  • fever, heachache, joint pain
  • remove tick, oral antibiotics, bed rest
A

lymes dieases

84
Q

a chronic disorder of uric acid metabloism, crystals develop within a joint causing arthritis

  • high levels of uric acid in blood
  • bed rest
  • NSAIDS
A

gout

85
Q

a condition characterized by loss of normal bone mass and density due to imbalance between breakdown of old bone tissue and manufacture of new bone
-asymptomatic until bone breaks

  • increased intake in calcium and vitamin D
  • estrogen replacement therapy
A

osteoporosis

86
Q

a painful condition involving inflammation of the periosteum, the extensor muscles of the lower leg, and the surrounding tissues

  • inflammation, edema, pain on inner aspect of tibia
  • rest, applications of heat then ice
A

shin splints

87
Q

3 types of muscles

A

cardiac
striated
-nonstriated

88
Q

a chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body. The cause is unknown.

  • stress reduction
  • physical activity
  • medications
A

fibromyalgia

89
Q

treatment of sprains and strains

A
  • elevation and rest of affected limb
  • immobilization with elastic bandage
  • application of ice
  • NSAIDS
90
Q

what does RICE stand for and what is it used for

A

treatment of sprains and strains

  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
91
Q

a painful condition involving inflammation of the periosteum, the extensor muscles of the lower leg, and the surrounding tissues

  • inflammation, edema, pain on inner tibia
  • rest, ice and heat
A

shin splints

92
Q

caused by injury or laceration; involves the forearm, hand, calf, or foot. The severed ends snap away from each other

  • immediate pain, inflammation, immobility
  • tenorrhaphy - suturing of the two ends of the tendon
A

severed tendon

93
Q

an inflammatory response at the bottom of the heel bone, generally caused by overuse

  • pain on bottom of the foot
  • ice, NSAIDS, heels pads, cortisone
A

plantar fasciitis

94
Q

the four tendons of the rotator cuff, formed by the shoulder, partially surround the head of the humerus and stabilize it in the glenoid cavity of the socket.

A

rotator cuff

95
Q

a stiff big toe that develops as a result of degeneration of the cartilage of the first metatarsophalangeal MTP joint

  • unkown cause
  • injury to the toe may cause this
A

rigid big toe

Hallus Rigidus

96
Q

another word for bunion

A

hallus valgus

97
Q

an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. can sometimes be cancerous

A

neoplasm

98
Q

infection resulting in erosion of tooth surfaces

A

dental caries

tooth decay

99
Q

inflammation and swelling of the gums

A

gingivitis

100
Q

destructive gum and bone disease around one or more of the teeth

A

periodontitis

101
Q

specific angles of malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth

A

malocclusion

102
Q

a symptom complex related to inflammation, disease, or dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint

A

TMJ syndrome

103
Q

a recurrent viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes

A

herpes simplex

cold sores

104
Q

candidiasis of the oral mucosa, involving the mouth, tongue, plate, and gums

A

thrush

105
Q

appears as white patchy leison or oral ulcer that wont heal

pain occurs late in the disease

A

oral cancer

106
Q

what are 3 digestive distress signals

A 
hiccup
vomiting
heartburn
constipation
nausea
107
Q

are dilated submucosal veins that develop in patients with underlying portal hypertension and may result in serious upper GI bleeding
-usually dont survive

A

esophageal varices

108
Q

inflammation and tissue injury of the esophagus

A

esophagitis

109
Q

cancer of the esophagus

A

esophageal cancer

110
Q

the clinical manifestations of regurgitation of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GERD

111
Q

severe consequence of GERD that replaces normal striated squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus with abnormal columnar epithelium

A

Barrett’s esophagus

112
Q

sores or lesions in the mucous membrane of the stomach or upper intestinal tract

A

peptic ulcers

113
Q

ulcers of the first part of the small intestine

A

duodenal ulcers

114
Q

ulceration of the gastric mucosa of the stomach that follows chronic gastrics

A

gastric ulcers

115
Q

inflammation of the appendix

  • abdominal pain in lower right quadrant
  • surgical removal
A

acute appendicitis

116
Q

a defect in the diaphragm that permits segment of stomach to slide into thoracic cavity

  • heart burn
  • chest pain
  • swallowing difficulty
A

hiatal hernia

117
Q

a condition in which an organ protrudes through an abnormal opening in the abdominal wall

  • lump or buldge
  • groin pain
A

abdominal hernia

118
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract

A

crohns disease

ileitis

119
Q

chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and colon

A

ulcerative colitis

120
Q

acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines

A

gastroenteritis

121
Q

outpouches of mucosa penetrate weak points in muscular layer of large intestine

  • mild discomfort
  • irregular bowels
A

diverticulosis

122
Q

trapped fecal matter causes inflammation of diverticula

  • fever
  • nausea
  • pain
  • changes in bowel function
A

diverticulitis

123
Q

a cancer that arises in any part of the colon or rectum

  • abdominal pain
  • bloody stools
A

colorectal cancer

124
Q

an irreversible chronic degenerative disease that results in the replacement of normal liver cells with hard, fibrous scar tissue

  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • indigestion
A

cirrhosis of the liver

125
Q

what is the most common blood borne infection in the US

A

Hep. C

126
Q

primary tumor of the liver; usually arises in chronic liver disease setting

  • weight loss
  • ascites
  • jaundice
A

hepatocellular carcinoma

127
Q

condition in which there is abnormal presence of calculi that form in the bile

  • pain
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • obstruction of the biliary duct by gallstones
A

cholelithiasis

gallstones

128
Q

acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas with variable involvement of adjacent or remote organs

  • nausea
  • vomitting
  • sudden abdominal pain
  • gallstones
  • alcoholism
  • biliary disease
A

pancreatitis

129
Q

a neoplasm, usually an adenocarcinoma, that occurs more often in the head of the pancreas

  • abdominal pain
  • weight loss
  • jaundice
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • family hx
A

pancreatic cancer

130
Q

a disorder of nutrition caused by primary deprivation of protein energy or secondary to deficiency diseases

  • decreased/increased appetit
  • emaciation or obesity
  • diarrhea
  • chronic illnesses
A

malnutrition

131
Q

a group of disorders in which intestinal absorption of dietary nutrients is impaired

  • impaired digestion
  • defective mucosal cells in the small intestine
A

malabsorption syndrome

132
Q

a disease of the small intestine characterized by malabsorption, gluten intolerance, and damage to the lining of the intestine

  • weight loss
  • anorexia
  • diarrhea
  • reaction to gluten
A

celiac disease

gluten enteropathy

133
Q

an illness resulting from the ingestion of foods that contain bacterial or toxic substances

  • sudden nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • contaminated foods
A

food poisoning

134
Q

psychological disturbance in which self-imposed starvation and compulsion to be thin leads to denial of hunger

A

anorexia nervosa

135
Q

behavioral disorder characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting and purging

A

bulimia

136
Q

3 common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders

A
  • joint stiffness, pain, inflammation
  • weight loss
  • fever
  • loss of motion, immobility
137
Q

3 osteoporosis medications and treatments

A
  • reduced bone mass
  • fractures common
  • lack of calcium
  • accelerated by menopause
138
Q

inflammation of joints

accompanied by pain, swelling, bony changes in joint

A

osteoarthritis

139
Q

treat rheumatoid conditions by reducing body’s autoimmune response to its own tissues

A

rheumatoid arthritis

140
Q

what are the 3 drug classes

A

NSAIDS - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
DMARDs - disease modifying antiheumatic drugs
glucocorticosteriods

141
Q

NSAIDS

A
  • provide rapid relief of symptoms but do not prevent progression of disease
  • cause gastric bleeding and irritation
  • Asprin
142
Q

reduce inflammation

available in oral medications and injections

A

glucocorticosteroids

143
Q

treatments of joint diseases

A

DMARDs
gold salts
miscellaneous

144
Q

associated with hyperuricemia, a high level of uric acid
most often affects big toe, ankle, instep, knee, and elbow
-prevent attack
-end the attack
-decrease complications

A

gouty arthritis

145
Q

result of involuntary contractions, must be treated according to cause

A

spams

146
Q

hypertonicity of muscles resulting from neurologic disorders or trauma

A

spasticity

147
Q

relieve muscle injuries and spasms
depress central nervous system
can cause physical dependency

A

skeletal muscle relaxants

148
Q

what causes muscle spasticity

A

muscle stimulation from spinal cord or brain

149
Q

progressive and incurable; characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue
-caused by loss of acetylcholine treatment

A

myasthenia gravis

149
Q

painful syndrome causing chronic pain in muscles and soft tissues

  • aching, stiffness, fatigue, depression
  • NSAIDS
  • physical therapy
A

fibromyalgia

151
Q

what other things do you chart in a patients file other than their medications, etc

A

missed or canceled appointments
telephone calls from pt
medication refills
changes in medication dosage by physician

152
Q

information is to be entered at the time of occurrence and not later

A

due course

153
Q

what needs to happen to the chart when it is a work related injury

A

a new chart needs to be made

154
Q

who owns the medical record

A

the physician

155
Q

what part of the medical record does the patient own

A

the information

156
Q

what does HIPAA stand for

A

health insurance portability and accountability act

157
Q

always chart what about the patient when they received treatment

A

their condition before the treatment and how they tolerated it and left the office

158
Q

how do you correct an error in the MR

A

draw a line through it
write error above
write correction above
date and initial beside it

159
Q

what are 3 common allergies

A

shellfish
latex
iodine

160
Q

how long do you have to keep a file of an inactive patient

A

7 years

161
Q

what are the components of the health history

A 
chief complaint
present illness
past history
family history
social history
162
Q

patients reason for seeking care

-symptom causing them the most trouble

A

chief complaint

163
Q

expansion of the CC

full description of the pts current illness

A

present illness

164
Q

past medical status of the patient

assists physician in providing optimal care

A

past history

165
Q

review of health status of patients blood relatives

A

family history

166
Q

information on patients lifestyle

health habits and living environment

A

social history

167
Q

how does the MA chart procedures

A

date, time, type of procedures, outcome, patient reaction

168
Q

how to chart administration of medication

A 
date
time
name of medication
how it was given
dosage

Lecture Medical Assistant (3 decks)

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