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Lecture Medical Assistant > Chapter 17 Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Lecture Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

What is the purpose of the OSHA blood borne pathogens standard?

A

To reduce the exposure of health care employees to infectious diseases.

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1
Q

What is the infectious cycle?

A

1) host
2) exit
3) transmission
4) entry
5) susceptible host

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2
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

Tiny living plants or animals

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3
Q

Examples of microorganisms?

A 
Bacteria. 
Viruses. 
Protozoa. 
Fungi. 
Animal parasites.
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4
Q

What is medical asepsis?

A

Practices that are employed to reduce the number and hinder transmission of pathogens.

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5
Q

Autotroph

A

Uses inorganic or nonliving substances for food.

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6
Q

Heterotroph

A

Uses organic or living substances for food

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7
Q

Aerobe

A

Needs oxygen to grow

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8
Q

Anaerobes

A

Grows best in the absence of oxygen

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9
Q

What kind of pH do organisms prefer?

A

Neutral

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10
Q

Optimum growth temperature

A

Temperature at which a microorganism grows best

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11
Q

What is the optimum growth temperature number?

A

98.6

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12
Q

What are the five growth requirements for microorganisms?

A

1) proper nutrition
2) oxygen
3) temperature (98.6)
4) darkness
5) moisture

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13
Q

How can you break the infection cycle?

A

Practicing good techniques of medical asepsis

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14
Q

One that become infected by the pathogen.
Source of transfer of the pathogen.
Provides nourishment and growth and multiplication of pathogen.

A

Reservoir host

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15
Q

One who is capable of being infected by the pathogen.

A

Susceptible host

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16
Q

What are factors that make a person a susceptible host?

A

Poor health.
Poor hygiene.
Poor nutrition.
Stress.

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17
Q

Most important defense mechanism of the body.

A

Skin

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18
Q

Line nose and throat, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts.

A

Mucous membranes

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19
Q

In nose and respiratory tract

A

Mucus and cilia

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20
Q

Traps microorganisms that enter the body.

A

Mucus

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21
Q

Beat toward outside to remove pathogens.

A

Cilia

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22
Q

Force pathogens from the body

A

Coughing and sneezing

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23
Q

Remove pathogens

A

Tears and sweat

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24
Q

Urine and vaginal secretions

A

Are acidic in nature.

Pathogens cannot grow in acid.

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25
Q

Stomach secrets hydrochloride acid

A

Used for digestion.

Discourages growth of pathogens that enter the stomach.

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26
Q

Process of cleansing or sanitizing the hands

A

Hand hygiene

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27
Q

Most important medical asepsis practice to prevent the spread of infection.

A

Hand hygiene

28
Q

Reduces microorganisms to a safer level

A

Sanitizing.

29
Q

Resident flora

A

Normally reside in epidermis and dermis.
Generally harmless and nonpathogenic.
Difficult to remove.

30
Q

Transient flora

A 
Picked in in daily activities. 
Grow in epidermis. 
Often pathogenic. 
Attached loosely to the skin. 
Easily removed by hand washing and sanitizing.
31
Q

Breaks down and emulsifies dirt and oil

A

Detergent

32
Q

Antiseptic hand washing

A

Use of antimicrobial soap and water.

Contains and antiseptic.

33
Q

An agent that functions to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

A

Antiseptic

34
Q

Advantage of antiseptic hand washing.

A

Deposits antibacterial film on skin to inhibit bacterial growth

35
Q

Advantages of alcohol based hand rubs

A

More accessible than sinks.
Do not require rinsing.
Less time required to sanitize hands.
Contains emollients to prevent drying of hands.

36
Q

Wear gloves when:

A

Administering an injection.

Performing venipuncture.

37
Q

Sterile gloves used for.

A

Dressing changes.

Minor office surgery.

38
Q

Purpose of OSHA

A

To assist employers in providing a safe and healthy working environment for their employees

39
Q

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parental contact with blood or other potentially infectious membranes.

A

Occupational exposure

40
Q

OPIM

A

Other potentially infectious materials

41
Q

Piercing of skin barrier or mucous membranes

A

Parenteral

42
Q

Pathogenic microorganism in human blood that can cause disease

A

Bloodborne pathogens. BBPs

43
Q

Semen, vaginal secretions, body fluids

A

OPIM

44
Q

The presence or reasonably anticipated presence of blood or OPIM on an item or surface

A

Contaminated

45
Q

The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate or destroy BBPs on a surface or item so that they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use , or disposal

A

Decontamination

46
Q

Skin that has a break in the surface

A

Nonintact skin

47
Q

Any eye, nose, mouth, or other mucous membrane, Nonintact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that results from an employees duties

A

Exposure incident

48
Q

To identify employees who must follow OSHA Bloodborne pathogen standards

A

Exposure determination

49
Q

Documents the specific health and safety control measures that are taken to eliminate or minimize risk of occupational exposure

A

The method of compliance

50
Q

Post exposure follow up plan

A

1) method of documenting and investigating an exposure incident
2) post exposure evaluation
3) medical treatment
4) follow up

51
Q

Sharps injury log

A

1) type and brand of device injured on
2) location of incident
3) explanation of how incident occurred

52
Q

Measures that isolate or remove health hazards from workplace.
Must be examined, maintained, or replaced as required to ensure their effectiveness.

A

Engineering controls

53
Q

A device that, on the basis of reasonable judgement, will make and exposure incident involving a contaminated sharp less likely to occur

A

Safer medical device

54
Q

ECP must include documentation that:

A
  • safer medical devices are being evaluated and implemented
  • input was obtained from employees in selecting safer medical devices

Exposure Control Plan

55
Q

Reduce likelihood of exposure by alternating manner in which the technique is performed

A

Work place controls

56
Q

Work place controls include:

A
  • perform all procedures involving blood or OPIM in a manner to minimize splashing, spraying, spattering, and generation of droplets of these substances
  • observe warning labels on biohazard containers and appliances
  • bandage cuts and other lesions on the hands before gloving.
57
Q

Contaminated objects that can penetrate the skin

A

Contaminated sharps

58
Q

Clothing or equipment that protects an individual from contact with blood or OPIM

A

PPE personal protective equipment

59
Q

All human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, hep B, Hep C, and other BBPs

Must be observed by OSHA

A

Universal precautions

60
Q

Any waste that poses a threat to health and safety

A

RMW

Regulated medical waste

61
Q

RMW includes:

A

-any liquid or semiliquid blood or OPIM
-contaminated sharps
-

62
Q

Biggest threats to health care workers

A

hep b

Hep c

63
Q
  • infection of liver
  • caused by HBV
  • more common
A

Hepatitis b

64
Q

Treatment administered after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent the disease

A

Post exposure prophylaxis

65
Q

Chronic disorder of the immune system
Eventually destroys body’s ability to fight infection
Caused by HIV

A

AIDS

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

66
Q

Refers to the last stage in HIV

A

AIDS

67
Q

Infections that result from a defective immune system that cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment.

A

Opportunistic infections

Lecture Medical Assistant (3 decks)

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