Chapter 17 Lecture Flashcards
What is the purpose of the OSHA blood borne pathogens standard?
To reduce the exposure of health care employees to infectious diseases.
What is the infectious cycle?
1) host
2) exit
3) transmission
4) entry
5) susceptible host
What are microorganisms?
Tiny living plants or animals
Examples of microorganisms?
Bacteria. Viruses. Protozoa. Fungi. Animal parasites.
What is medical asepsis?
Practices that are employed to reduce the number and hinder transmission of pathogens.
Autotroph
Uses inorganic or nonliving substances for food.
Heterotroph
Uses organic or living substances for food
Aerobe
Needs oxygen to grow
Anaerobes
Grows best in the absence of oxygen
What kind of pH do organisms prefer?
Neutral
Optimum growth temperature
Temperature at which a microorganism grows best
What is the optimum growth temperature number?
98.6
What are the five growth requirements for microorganisms?
1) proper nutrition
2) oxygen
3) temperature (98.6)
4) darkness
5) moisture
How can you break the infection cycle?
Practicing good techniques of medical asepsis
One that become infected by the pathogen.
Source of transfer of the pathogen.
Provides nourishment and growth and multiplication of pathogen.
Reservoir host
One who is capable of being infected by the pathogen.
Susceptible host
What are factors that make a person a susceptible host?
Poor health.
Poor hygiene.
Poor nutrition.
Stress.
Most important defense mechanism of the body.
Skin
Line nose and throat, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts.
Mucous membranes
In nose and respiratory tract
Mucus and cilia
Traps microorganisms that enter the body.
Mucus
Beat toward outside to remove pathogens.
Cilia
Force pathogens from the body
Coughing and sneezing
Remove pathogens
Tears and sweat
Urine and vaginal secretions
Are acidic in nature.
Pathogens cannot grow in acid.
Stomach secrets hydrochloride acid
Used for digestion.
Discourages growth of pathogens that enter the stomach.
Process of cleansing or sanitizing the hands
Hand hygiene
Most important medical asepsis practice to prevent the spread of infection.
Hand hygiene
Reduces microorganisms to a safer level
Sanitizing.
Resident flora
Normally reside in epidermis and dermis.
Generally harmless and nonpathogenic.
Difficult to remove.
Transient flora
Picked in in daily activities. Grow in epidermis. Often pathogenic. Attached loosely to the skin. Easily removed by hand washing and sanitizing.
Breaks down and emulsifies dirt and oil
Detergent
Antiseptic hand washing
Use of antimicrobial soap and water.
Contains and antiseptic.
An agent that functions to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Antiseptic
Advantage of antiseptic hand washing.
Deposits antibacterial film on skin to inhibit bacterial growth
Advantages of alcohol based hand rubs
More accessible than sinks.
Do not require rinsing.
Less time required to sanitize hands.
Contains emollients to prevent drying of hands.
Wear gloves when:
Administering an injection.
Performing venipuncture.
Sterile gloves used for.
Dressing changes.
Minor office surgery.
Purpose of OSHA
To assist employers in providing a safe and healthy working environment for their employees
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parental contact with blood or other potentially infectious membranes.
Occupational exposure
OPIM
Other potentially infectious materials
Piercing of skin barrier or mucous membranes
Parenteral
Pathogenic microorganism in human blood that can cause disease
Bloodborne pathogens. BBPs
Semen, vaginal secretions, body fluids
OPIM
The presence or reasonably anticipated presence of blood or OPIM on an item or surface
Contaminated
The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate or destroy BBPs on a surface or item so that they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use , or disposal
Decontamination
Skin that has a break in the surface
Nonintact skin
Any eye, nose, mouth, or other mucous membrane, Nonintact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that results from an employees duties
Exposure incident
To identify employees who must follow OSHA Bloodborne pathogen standards
Exposure determination
Documents the specific health and safety control measures that are taken to eliminate or minimize risk of occupational exposure
The method of compliance
Post exposure follow up plan
1) method of documenting and investigating an exposure incident
2) post exposure evaluation
3) medical treatment
4) follow up
Sharps injury log
1) type and brand of device injured on
2) location of incident
3) explanation of how incident occurred
Measures that isolate or remove health hazards from workplace.
Must be examined, maintained, or replaced as required to ensure their effectiveness.
Engineering controls
A device that, on the basis of reasonable judgement, will make and exposure incident involving a contaminated sharp less likely to occur
Safer medical device
ECP must include documentation that:
- safer medical devices are being evaluated and implemented
- input was obtained from employees in selecting safer medical devices
Exposure Control Plan
Reduce likelihood of exposure by alternating manner in which the technique is performed
Work place controls
Work place controls include:
- perform all procedures involving blood or OPIM in a manner to minimize splashing, spraying, spattering, and generation of droplets of these substances
- observe warning labels on biohazard containers and appliances
- bandage cuts and other lesions on the hands before gloving.
Contaminated objects that can penetrate the skin
Contaminated sharps
Clothing or equipment that protects an individual from contact with blood or OPIM
PPE personal protective equipment
All human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, hep B, Hep C, and other BBPs
Must be observed by OSHA
Universal precautions
Any waste that poses a threat to health and safety
RMW
Regulated medical waste
RMW includes:
-any liquid or semiliquid blood or OPIM
-contaminated sharps
-
Biggest threats to health care workers
hep b
Hep c
- infection of liver
- caused by HBV
- more common
Hepatitis b
Treatment administered after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent the disease
Post exposure prophylaxis
Chronic disorder of the immune system
Eventually destroys body’s ability to fight infection
Caused by HIV
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Refers to the last stage in HIV
AIDS
Infections that result from a defective immune system that cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment.
Opportunistic infections
