Pharm Diagnosis Treatments Flashcards
Abnormal condition causing measurable changes in structure and function
Pathology
Internal stability of the body.
Hemostasis
Development of disease in stages
Pathogenesis
Internal equilibrium
Normal findings on a test
Systemic health
Inability to adapt to internal and external stressors or challenges
Disease state
Defined collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition
Syndrome
Abnormal objective findings
Signs
Subjective patient reports
Symptoms
Onset Is abrupt
Hours to days
Brief duration
Acute illness
Onset is slower
Acute phases
Indefinite
Chronic illness
Changes in genetic code
Genetic mutation
Infection transmission
Contact Body fluids Blood Ingestion Inhalation Animal
Infection pathogens
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa
Body’s defense system against infection
Chemical barriers
Inflammatory response
Immune response
Acute inflammatory response can be inhibited by
Immune disorders
Chronic illness
Medications
Predisposing factors
Age Gender Lifestyle Environment Heredity
No changeable predisposing factors
Age
Gender
Heredity
Changeable factors
Lifestyle
Environment
A ground of disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth
Cancer
Develop slowly
Can arise from any tissue
Usually remain encapsulated
Rarely occur after surgical removal
Benign tumors
Call multiply rapidly
Do not resemble the tissue
Recurrent
Metastasize
Malignant tumors
Cancer risk factors
Tobacco smoke
Heavy use of alcohol
Environmental carcinogens
Exposure to radiation
Comfort and supportive care for the patient and family during the terminal stages of illness and into the bereavement period
Hospice care
Immune disorders
Hypersensitivity reaction. Allergy
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency disorder
Aging process
Decreased liver and body function
Decreased total body water
Bone density decreased
Pain physiology
Stimulation of nociceptors found on free nerve endings
Impulses travel through spinal cord to brain
Communication process that revolves around the occurrence of or potential for a genetic disorder within a family
Genetic counseling
Experimental intervention repairs or blocks the expression of specific genes to treat disease
Gene therapy
Circulatory medication side effects
Orthostatic hypotension Urinary frequency Anorexia Nausea Headaches Bradycardia
Drugs for cardiovascular disease
Cardiac glycosides
Antidysrhythmics
Calcium channel blockers
Cardiac glycosides
Affect myocardial contractions
Slow heart rate
Antidysrhythmics
Affect cardiac conduction
Calcium channel blockers
Affect coronary arteries
Drug that directly affect the heart
Vasodilators
Vasodilators
Relax or dilate vessels throughout the body
Work on veins arteries or both
Angina pectoris drugs
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Ways nitrates are administered
Sublingual Transdermal Spray Capsule Ointment
Nitrates
Dilate systemic vessels
Reduce cardiac work and oxygen consumption
Relive intense pain during angina attacks
May be used to prevent attacks
Beta blockers
Reverse sympathetic heart action caused by exercise, stress, or physical exertion
Calcium channel blockers
Interfere with the movement of calcium ions through cell membranes
Patient education for angina
Label sublingual tablets on date of opening
Rotate patches daily no more than 10 to 12 hours
Mouth should be moist to devolve tablets
Remove before putting on new ones
CHF medications
Vasodilators
Diuretics
Cardiac glycosides
Cardiac glycosides
Ace inhibitors
Diuretics
Reduce edema and blood overload
Cardiac glycosides
Reduce symptoms
Digoxin
Many drugs interact with digoxin
Patient education for CHF
Do not double on missed does of digoxin
Switching brands may lead to altered responses
Monitor pulse rate and rhythm daily prior to taking digoxin
Digitalis toxicity nausea vomiting fatigue headache slow pulse
Digitalis in CHF
Digoxin may increase cardiac output, decrease heart rate and heart size, decrease vasoconstriction
Lowers pulse rate and has a narrow therapeutic dose range before causing adverse reaction
Anti hypertensive medications
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Vasodilators
adrenergic inhibiting agents
Patient education with diuretics
Sip water or chew gum to relieve dry mouth
Drink adequate fluids
Keep track of weight while on the medication
Take at 8am and 2 pm
Diuretics in hypertension
Block active reassertion of sodium and chloride which prevents reabsorption of water
What do ace inhibitors treat
MI
CHF
Hypertension
Anticoagulants
Used to prevent thrombi in veins
Common anticoagulants
Heparin Warfarin Anti platelet drugs Thrombolytics Topical he osteitis
Heparin
How is it administered
Administered parenterally
Warfarin how is it administered
Administered orally
Patenting education anticoagulants
Use soft toothbrush
Increased bruising
Regularly evaluate prothrombin levels
Anti platelet drugs
Suppress clumping of platelets in arteries
Aspirin
Thrombolytics
Dissolve clots already formed
Topical hemostatics
Gelatin or cellulose sponges that absorb excess blood and fluids
