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Lecture Medical Assistant > Pharm Diagnosis Treatments > Flashcards

Pharm Diagnosis Treatments Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Abnormal condition causing measurable changes in structure and function

A

Pathology

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1
Q

Internal stability of the body.

A

Hemostasis

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2
Q

Development of disease in stages

A

Pathogenesis

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3
Q

Internal equilibrium

Normal findings on a test

A

Systemic health

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4
Q

Inability to adapt to internal and external stressors or challenges

A

Disease state

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5
Q

Defined collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition

A

Syndrome

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6
Q

Abnormal objective findings

A

Signs

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7
Q

Subjective patient reports

A

Symptoms

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8
Q

Onset Is abrupt
Hours to days
Brief duration

A

Acute illness

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9
Q

Onset is slower
Acute phases
Indefinite

A

Chronic illness

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10
Q

Changes in genetic code

A

Genetic mutation

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11
Q

Infection transmission

A 
Contact
Body fluids
Blood
Ingestion 
Inhalation
Animal
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12
Q

Infection pathogens

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa

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13
Q

Body’s defense system against infection

A

Chemical barriers
Inflammatory response
Immune response

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14
Q

Acute inflammatory response can be inhibited by

A

Immune disorders
Chronic illness
Medications

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15
Q

Predisposing factors

A 
Age
Gender
Lifestyle 
Environment
Heredity
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16
Q

No changeable predisposing factors

A

Age
Gender
Heredity

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17
Q

Changeable factors

A

Lifestyle

Environment

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18
Q

A ground of disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth

A

Cancer

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19
Q

Develop slowly
Can arise from any tissue
Usually remain encapsulated
Rarely occur after surgical removal

A

Benign tumors

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20
Q

Call multiply rapidly
Do not resemble the tissue
Recurrent
Metastasize

A

Malignant tumors

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21
Q

Cancer risk factors

A

Tobacco smoke
Heavy use of alcohol
Environmental carcinogens
Exposure to radiation

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22
Q

Comfort and supportive care for the patient and family during the terminal stages of illness and into the bereavement period

A

Hospice care

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23
Q

Immune disorders

A

Hypersensitivity reaction. Allergy
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency disorder

24
Q

Aging process

A

Decreased liver and body function
Decreased total body water
Bone density decreased

25
Q

Pain physiology

A

Stimulation of nociceptors found on free nerve endings

Impulses travel through spinal cord to brain

26
Q

Communication process that revolves around the occurrence of or potential for a genetic disorder within a family

A

Genetic counseling

27
Q

Experimental intervention repairs or blocks the expression of specific genes to treat disease

A

Gene therapy

28
Q

Circulatory medication side effects

A 
Orthostatic hypotension
Urinary frequency
Anorexia
Nausea
Headaches
Bradycardia
29
Q

Drugs for cardiovascular disease

A

Cardiac glycosides
Antidysrhythmics
Calcium channel blockers

30
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

Affect myocardial contractions

Slow heart rate

31
Q

Antidysrhythmics

A

Affect cardiac conduction

32
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Affect coronary arteries

33
Q

Drug that directly affect the heart

A

Vasodilators

34
Q

Vasodilators

A

Relax or dilate vessels throughout the body

Work on veins arteries or both

35
Q

Angina pectoris drugs

A

Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers

36
Q

Ways nitrates are administered

A 
Sublingual 
Transdermal
Spray
Capsule
Ointment
37
Q

Nitrates

A

Dilate systemic vessels
Reduce cardiac work and oxygen consumption
Relive intense pain during angina attacks
May be used to prevent attacks

38
Q

Beta blockers

A

Reverse sympathetic heart action caused by exercise, stress, or physical exertion

39
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Interfere with the movement of calcium ions through cell membranes

40
Q

Patient education for angina

A

Label sublingual tablets on date of opening
Rotate patches daily no more than 10 to 12 hours
Mouth should be moist to devolve tablets
Remove before putting on new ones

41
Q

CHF medications

A

Vasodilators
Diuretics
Cardiac glycosides

42
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

Ace inhibitors

43
Q

Diuretics

A

Reduce edema and blood overload

44
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

Reduce symptoms
Digoxin
Many drugs interact with digoxin

45
Q

Patient education for CHF

A

Do not double on missed does of digoxin
Switching brands may lead to altered responses
Monitor pulse rate and rhythm daily prior to taking digoxin
Digitalis toxicity nausea vomiting fatigue headache slow pulse

46
Q

Digitalis in CHF

A

Digoxin may increase cardiac output, decrease heart rate and heart size, decrease vasoconstriction
Lowers pulse rate and has a narrow therapeutic dose range before causing adverse reaction

47
Q

Anti hypertensive medications

A

Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Vasodilators
adrenergic inhibiting agents

48
Q

Patient education with diuretics

A

Sip water or chew gum to relieve dry mouth
Drink adequate fluids
Keep track of weight while on the medication
Take at 8am and 2 pm

49
Q

Diuretics in hypertension

A

Block active reassertion of sodium and chloride which prevents reabsorption of water

50
Q

What do ace inhibitors treat

A

MI
CHF
Hypertension

51
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Used to prevent thrombi in veins

52
Q

Common anticoagulants

A 
Heparin
Warfarin
Anti platelet drugs
Thrombolytics 
Topical he osteitis
53
Q

Heparin

How is it administered

A

Administered parenterally

54
Q

Warfarin how is it administered

A

Administered orally

55
Q

Patenting education anticoagulants

A

Use soft toothbrush
Increased bruising
Regularly evaluate prothrombin levels

56
Q

Anti platelet drugs

A

Suppress clumping of platelets in arteries

Aspirin

57
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve clots already formed

58
Q

Topical hemostatics

A

Gelatin or cellulose sponges that absorb excess blood and fluids

Lecture Medical Assistant (3 decks)

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