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Marine Final Exam > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The process of vertical sediment movement by infaundal and epifaunal organisms is known as ___________.

A. turnover

B. plowing

C. bioturbation

D. resuspension

E. suspension

A

C. bioturbation

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2
Q

Nekton abundance in estuarine and coastal waters is primarily regulated by ____________ processes.

A. top-down

B. bottom-up

C. circulation

D. predation

E. tidal

A

B. bottom-up

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3
Q

The export of nutrients and organic carbon from estuaries to the coastal zone is known as the _________ hypothesis.

A. upwelling

B. inwelling

C. downwelling

D. exchange

E. outwelling

A

E. outwelling

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4
Q

Most of the phytoplankton productivity on the continental shelf is primarily due to __________.

A. regenerated N

B. outwellling

C. in situ nitrogen fixation

D. tidal exchange

E. vertical mixing

A

A. regenerated N

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5
Q

A larval blue crab is an example of ____________.

A. nekton

B. meroplankton

C. holoplankton

D. mesoplankton

A

B. meroplankton

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6
Q

On the middle continental shelf, the major export of nitrate is through _____________.

A. N fixation

B. downwelling

C. upwelling

D. denitrification

E. burial in sediments

A

D. denitrification

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7
Q

The _________ is a consequence of low survival rates of eggs and larvae in estuaries.

A. larval funnel

B. trophic cascade

C. trophic pyramid

D. larval bottleneck

E. diversity

A

D. larval bottleneck

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8
Q

Nekton that inhabit marine waters as adults then migrate to freshwater habitats for spawning are __________.

A. catadromous

B. anadromous

C. osmoconformers

D. poikilotherms

E. protogynous

A

B. anadromous

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9
Q

Continental shelves have an average depth of ________m.

A. 0 to 50

B. 50 to 100

C. 100 to 150

D. 150 to 200

E. 200 to 250

A

C. 100 to 150

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10
Q

Nekton that are usually associated with bottom habitats are described as being ____________.

A. benthos

B. epifauna

C. cryptic

D. sessile

E. demersal

A

E. demersal

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11
Q

Macrobenthos can be classified according to _________.

A. adult size

B. microhabitat

C. feeding type

D. sediment preference

E. all (A-D)

A

E. all (A-D)

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12
Q

Ekman transport results in NET water flow 45 degrees to 90 degrees to the _______ of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere.

A. left

B. east

C. west

D. north

E. right

A

E. right

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13
Q

Ekman circulation is commonly responsible for vertical transport resulting in _______________.

A. upwelling

B. downwelling

C. tidal residuals

D. surface convergence

E. upwelling and downwelling

A

E. upwelling and downwelling

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14
Q

Pelagic nekton usually have a ________ energy requirement.

A. low

B. moderate

C. high

D. negligible

A

C. high

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15
Q

The turnover time for meiofauna in estuaries is approximately _______ time(s) per month.

A. 5

B. 10

C. 200

D. 1

E. 125

A

D. 1

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16
Q

A _____________ hermaphrodite fish function as a male fish, then switches to a female with age.

A. protogynous

B. protandrous

C. consecutive

D. catadromous

E. anadromous

A

B. protandrous

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17
Q

In estuaries, fish abundance and biomass are ______ and diversity is ________ relative to most other marine ecosystems.

A. low, high

B. high, low

C. seasonal, seasonal

D. constant, lower

E. lower, constant

A

B. high, low

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18
Q

A fish that is female first, then switches to a male is __________.

A. protandrous

B. protogynous

C. catadromous

A

B. protogynous

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19
Q

At the water surface, Eckman transport results in water movement at an angle on __________ degrees to the right of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere.

A. 45

B. 180

C. 120

D. 90

E. 30

A

A. 45

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20
Q

The productivity of a hydrothermal vent community may be as high as ________ g C m^-2 y^-1.

A. 5

B. 50

C. 30,000

D. 1

E. 0.5

A

C. 30,000

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21
Q

Bacteria use __________ chemosynthesis in hydrothermal vent communities.

A. Fe.

B. SO4

C. N

D. C

E. S

A

E. S

22
Q

Approximately ____-% of the organic C on Earth is stored as methane gas hydrates..

A. 10

B. 20

C. 25

D. 60

E. 90

A

D. 60

23
Q

On continental shelves, the Macoma Community is usually associated with ________ sediments.

A. rocky

B. sandy

C. muddy

D. organic-rich

E. methane

A

C. muddy

24
Q

The outer continental shelf region off the coasts of SC and NC contain large deposits of _____________.

A. oil

B. phosphate

C. sulfide

D. methane gas hydrates

E. calcium carbonate

A

D. methane gas hydrates

25
Q

Continental shelves have a P:R ratio close to _______.

A. 2

B. 1

C. 0.5

D. 0.1

E. 10

A

B. 1

26
Q

The average NPP on temperate continental shelves is __________ g C m^-2 y^-1.

A. 50

B. 100

C. 300

D. 500

E. 10

A

C. 300

27
Q

Cold seep communities inhabit areas where _________ seeps from the sediments.

A. oil

B. sulfide

C. sulphate

D. groundwater

E. methane

A

E. methane

28
Q

In the deep sea, autochromous primary production is attributed to _________.

A. photosynthesis

B. POM
C. DOM

D. chemosynthesis

E. marine snow

A

D. chemosynthesis

29
Q

The source(s) of organic matter inputs into the deep sea is/are___________.

A. primary production

B. POM

C. DOM

D. food falls

E. all (A-D)

A

E. all (A-D)

30
Q

Demersal species usually have a __________ energy requirement than similar pelagic species.

A. higher

B. lower

C. same

A

B. lower

31
Q

The number of eggs produced by a single female is ___________.

A. productivity

B. recruitment

C. fecundity

D. output

A

C. fecundity

32
Q

Lecithotrophic larvae have _________.

A. low energy reserves

B. yolk sacs

C. higher predation rates

D. demersal parents

A

B. yolk sacs

33
Q

Planktotrophic larvae have __________.

A. low energy reserves

B. yolk sacs

C. higher predation rates

D. demersal parents

A

A. low energy reserves

34
Q

Estuarine nekton typically show a ______________ separation between juvenile and adult stages.

A. spatial

B. temporal

C. spatial and temporal

D. metabolic

E. salinity

A

C. spatial and temporal

35
Q

The amount of N exported from an estuary is highly correlated with _____________ the estuary.

A. water residence time of

B. freshwater input into

C. N loading into

D. salinity of

E. size of

A

A. water residence time of

36
Q

Large inputs of DOC, POC, and nutrients onto the continental shelf may result in ___________ on the shelf.

A. hypoxia

B. anoxia

C. high productivity

D. high respiration rates

E. all (A-D)

A

E. all (A-D)

37
Q

The wind energy transfer efficiency to the ocean surface is about _________%.

A. 2

B. 10

C. 15

D. 35

E.20

A

A. 2

38
Q

The Gulf Stream is a(n) _________ boundary current.

A. eastern

B. western

C. northern

D. southern

E. density

A

B. western

39
Q

Langmuir circulation is usually limited to the upper ________ m of the water column.

A. 1

B. 10

C. 50

D. 100

A

B. 10

40
Q

The deepest undersea habitats are found in______________.

A. mid-ocean ridges

B. the abyssal plain

C. hadal regions

D. ocean trenches

E. bathyl regions

A

D. ocean trenches

41
Q

Approximately ____% of surface primary production reaches deep-dea (> 3000 m) habitats.

A. 1

B. 10

C. 15

D. 20

A

A. 1

42
Q

Benthic biomass in the open ocean has a high positive correlation with _____________.

A. nekton production

B. surface primary production

C. depth

D. temperature

E. ocean ridges

A

B. surface primary production

43
Q

The deep sea has high ______ and low _______ relative to estuarine habitats.

A. diversity, biomass

B. biomass, diversity

C. pressure, salinity

D. salinity, pressure

E. productivity, diversity

A

A. diversity, biomass

44
Q

Sea cucumbers are most closely related to ___________.

A. polychaetes

B. annelids

C. ascidians

D. starfish

E. acorn worms

A

D. starfish

45
Q

The ___________ of individuals increases over the depth range of 0 - 5 km.

A. length

B. biomass

C. fecundity

D. metabolism

A

B. biomass

46
Q

Tube worms at hydrothermal vents contain endosymbiotic ___________.

A. algae

B. protists

C. bacteria

D. methanogens

A

C. bacteria

47
Q

Excluding hydrothermal vent communities, the main limiting factor for the abundance of deep sea fauna is __________.

A. space

B. food supply

C. competition

D. hydrostatic pressure

E. temperature

A

B. food supply

48
Q

Brine seeps are often associated with _________ deposits.

A. sulfide

B. oil

C. gas hydrate

D. carbonate

E. coal

A

B. oil

49
Q

Most known hydrothermal vents are associated with __________.

A. ocean trenches

B. the Pacific Ocean

C. hotspots

D. subduction zones

E. mid-ocean ridges

A

E. mid-ocean ridges

50
Q

The “Stability-Time Hypothesis” has been used to explain ____________.

A. benthic communities

B. biomass of deep-sea fauna

C. diversity in the deep sea

D. diversity at vents

A

c. diversity in the deep sea

Marine Final Exam (3 decks)

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