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Marine Final Exam > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The concentration gradient (dC/dZ) in the diffusive boundary layer __________ as flow around a particle increases.

A. increases

B. decreases

C. stays constant

A

A. increases

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2
Q

Stokes Law for particle sinking velocities ________ the sinking rate of living and senescent cells.

A. underestimates

B. overestimates

C. increases

D. decreases

E. determines

A

B. overestimates

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3
Q

Turbulence favors nutrient uptake for _____ cells while stratification favors uptake by ________ cells.

A. large, small

B. small, large

C. motile, non-motile

D. phytoplankton, bacterial

A

A. large, small

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4
Q

The time-averaged currents in an estuary are ________.

A. mean tidal currents

B. tidal residuals

C. spring tides

D. non-tidal flows

E. B and D

A

E. B and D

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5
Q

In the polar regions, phytoplankton production is generally ________.

A. light-limited

B. temperature-limited

C. nutrient-limited

D. during winter

E. high

A

A. light-limited

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6
Q

The thickness of the diffusive boundary layer surrounding a sinking particle ________ with increasing water flow.

A. increases

B. decreases

C. remains constant

D. mixes

E. reduces the diffusion coefficient

A

B. decreases

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7
Q

The main determinant of the metabolic rate of an organism is its ____________.

A. size

B. biomass

C. surface area

D. trophic level

E. age

A

C. surface area

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8
Q

For most estuaries, net water flow is ________ along the bottom and _______ at the surface.

A. in, out

B. out, in

C. up, down

D. down, up

E. longitudinal, lateral

A

A. in, out

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9
Q

Liebig’s Law of the Minimum states that the growth of a plant is dependent of a foodstuff which is present in ___________.

A. maximum quantity

B. minimum quantity

C. the presence of light

D. minimum quality

A

B. minimum quantity

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10
Q

Continental shelves occupy 11% of the ocean area, but provide ______% of total ocean primary production.

A. 20 to 30

B. 10 to 20

C. 30 to 40

D. 40 to 50

E. <10

A

A. 20 to 30

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11
Q

The process that results in the formation of inorganic compounds from organic compounds is __________.

A. remineralization

B. decomposition

C. regeneration

D. inorganic fixation

E. metabolism

A

A. remineralization

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12
Q

In an inverse estuary (Mediterranean-type circulation), water flow is ______ at the surface and ______ along the bottom.

A. in, out

B. out, in

C. up, down

D. down, up

E. longitudinal, lateral

A

A. in, out

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13
Q

For consumers, approximately ______ of assimilated energy is used for reproduction.

A. 40 to 80%

B. <10%

C. 20 to 30%

D. 30 to 40%

E. 50%

A

B. < 10%

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14
Q

On the continental shelf, __________ production may exceed integrated ________ production.

A. microbial, phytoplankton

B. bacterial, microbial

C. benthic microalgal, phytoplankton

D. net, gross

A

C. benthic microalgal, phytoplankton

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15
Q

According to Stokes’ Law, a sphere will increase its sinking speed in proportion to the ________ of the radius.

A. inverse

B. square

C. cube

D. square root

E. reciprocal

A

B. square

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16
Q

Changes in biomass at one trophic level that affect lower trophic levels are known as ________ effects.

A. chain

B. waterfall

C. transformation

D. cascade

E. bottom-up

A

D. cascade

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17
Q

Rotary tidal currents are usually found _________.

A. in estuaries

B. along frontal zones

C. in salt-wedge estuaries

D. on the continental shelf

A

D. on the continental shelf

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18
Q

The surface area of a cell is important for biogeochemical cycling because …

A. Rates are directly proportional to surface area

B. Rates are indirectly proportional to surface area

C. Only small cells are important for biogeochemical cycling

D. Smaller cells have lower uptake rates

A

A. Rates are directly proportional to surface area

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19
Q

The excretion of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by phtoplankton _________ with nutrient depletion.

A. increases

B. decreases

C. stays constant

A

A. increases

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20
Q

Estuaries that have more evaporation than precipitation on an annual basis are usually ________ estuaries.

A. coastal plain

B. neutral

C. positive

D. negative

E. mid-latitude

A

D. negative

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21
Q

Usually around ______ % of phytoplankton gross primary production is excreted as dissolved organic matter.

A. 10

B. 20 to 3

C. 90

D. 50

E. 50 to 60

A

B. 20 to 30

22
Q

_______ describes a water mass that remains intact, but is transported downstream.

A. advection

B. diffusion

C. dispersive mixing

D. turbulent mixing

E. sloshing

A

A. advection

23
Q

If the density of seawater is 1.01632 then the specific gravity of seawater is _____________.

A. 16.32

B. 1.01632

C. 1.1632

D. 1.6320

E. 1.001632

A

A. 16.32

24
Q

Estuaries in the eastern US are relatively “new” systems and most have only existed for the past _________ years.

A. 500

B. 1,000

C. 2,000

D. 6,000

E. 60,000

A

D. 6,000

25
Q

One high tide and one low tide during a 24 hours period exemplifies a _______ tidal periodicity.

A. semi-diurnal

B. diurnal

C. mixed

D. solar day

E. lunar day

A

B. diurnal

26
Q

Estuaries filled entirely by river-transported sediment are said to be ____________.

A. positive-filled

B. negative-filled

C. inverse-filled

D. turbid estuaries

E. reverse estuaries

A

A. positive-filled

27
Q

A semi-diurnal tidal day has a period of _________ hours.

A. 6

B. 12

C. 24

D. 24.8

E. 28.4

A

D. 24.8

28
Q

The maximum tidal range occurs during the _______.

A. solstice

B. equinox

C. low rainfall

D. summer months

E. winter months

A

B. equinox

29
Q

There are nearly ________ estuaries in the continental US.

A. 200

B. 500

C. 750

D. 900

E. 1300

A

D. 900

30
Q

The ____________, rather than the concentration, is the most important factor when considering nutrient limitation.

A. temperature

B. uptake rate

C. respiration rate

D. supply rate

E. redox condition

A

D. supply rate

31
Q

When phytoplankton cells age or die, the C:N ratio _________.

A. increases

B. decreases

C. stays constant

A

A. increases

32
Q

In terms of nutrient acquisition, _________ is more important than ___________.

A. surface area, biomass

B. biomass, surface area

C. volume, surface area

D. density, salinity

A

A. surface area, biomass

33
Q

Small Reynolds numbers may explain the _________ small zooplankton and ciliates.

A. buoyancy features of

B. surface to volume ratio of

C. swimming appendages used by

A

C. swimming appendages used by

34
Q

Neap tides have a periodicity of ___________ solar days.

A. 30.7

B. 28.4

C. 7.5

D. 14.8

E. 6

A

D. 14.8

35
Q

Estuaries and lagoons comprise 80 to 90% of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast and ________% of the Pacific Coast.

A. 5 to 10

B. 10 to 20

C. 20 to 30

D. 30 to 40

E. 2 to 5

A

B. 10 to 20

36
Q

Nutrient flux to a cell is limited by __________.

A. transport

B. uptake

C. transport and uptake

D. Stokes Law

E. the Reynolds number

A

C. transport and uptake

37
Q

A system rate of primary production in an estuary was found to be 300 g C m^-2 y^-1. What is a good estimate of the biomass (in g C m^-2) of predatory (meat eating) benthic macrofauna in the system?

A. 3

B. 30

C. 60

D. 0.3

E. < 10

A

A. 3

38
Q

Oligotrophic phytoplankton species with smaller cells usually have a _______ half-saturation constant (K) than larger cells for nutrient uptake.

A. higher

B. lower

C. constant

A

B. lower

39
Q

The sum of material and energy gains and loses is __________.

A. respiration

B. reproduction

C. growth

D. NPP

A

C. growth

40
Q

A major source of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in epipelagic ocean waters is __________.

A. excretion

B. respiration

C. outgassing

D. the microbial loop

E. atmospheric deposition

A

A. excretion

41
Q

For a standard phytoplankton growth curve, the doubling time is _________ the specific growth rate.

A. larger than

B. smaller than

C. equal to

D. divided by

E. one-half

A

B. smaller than

42
Q

A cell with a C:N ratio of 3 would be _________ than one with a ratio of 16.

A. more nutritious

B. less nutritious

C. younger

D. more healthy

E. none of the above

A

A. more nutritious

43
Q

In estuaries, freshwater flow out at the surface anf saltier water flow in along the bottom is ________ circulation.

A. reverse

B. inverse

C. classical

D. discharge

E. storage

A

C. classical

44
Q

Species that have their highest abundance in ecotones are called “__________”.

A. opportunists

B. tonal species

C. ecomorphs

D. edge species

E. frontal

A

D. edge species

45
Q

The Redfield Ratio is _______ C:N:P.

A. 100:15:1

B. 106:16:1

C. 16:106:1

D. 1:16:106

E. 106:1:16

A

B. 106:16:1

46
Q

Using the Redfield Ratio as a guide, a ratio of 1 N : 10 P may indicate ________ limitation for phytoplankton.

A. N

B. P

C. C

D. no nutrient

E. eutrophication

A

A. N

47
Q

Gravitational circulation is induced by __________ differences along the estuarine gradient.

A. density

B. gravitational

C. geological

D. bathymetric

E. depth

A

A. density

48
Q

If a copepod was the size of a human, a bacterium would be the size of a ___________.

A. single grain of rice

B. hot dog

C. hamburger

D. pizza

E. small dog

A

A. single grain of rice

49
Q

For very small cells, __________ usually limits the availability and uptake rates of dissolved compounds.

A. surface area

B. salinity

C. depth

D. irradiance

E. molecular diffusion

A

E. molecular diffusion

50
Q

Why is the number of trophic levels limited to a maximum of 5?

A. the amount of energy at the 6th level is too low to sustain life

B. there are only 5 types of feeding categories

C. phytoplankton production is too low

D. the 5th level is nutrtient-limited

E. some marine ecosytems actually have 6 levels

A

A. the amount of energy at the 6th level is too low to sustain life

Marine Final Exam (3 decks)

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