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Marine Final Exam > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The conversion of N2 gas to organic N and ammonium by prokaryotes is termed _________.

A) denitrification

B) nitrification

C) ammonification

D) nitrogen fixation

E) denitrogen oxidation

A

D) notrogen fixation

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2
Q

Wind sppeds and wave heights are _______ in the equatorial region and ________ in polar regions.

A) higher, lower

B) lower, higher

C) higher, higher

D) lower, lower

E) wind-driven, thermohaline

A

B) lower, higher

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3
Q

Major ocean currents have ________ rotation in the northern hempishere.

A) anticyclonic

B) cyclonic

C) counterclockwise

D) tidal

E) reverse

A

A) anticyclonic

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4
Q

Diatoms are heavy due to their silicified _________.

A) frustules

B) flagella

C) pseudopodia

D) polymers

E) spines

A

A) frustules

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5
Q

Organic compounds that are readily decomposed by bacterial activity are said to be __________.

A) motle

B) immobilized

C) refractory

D) labile

E) “new”

A

D) labile

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6
Q

“Barrel filing” of empty niches usually floow major ________ events.

A) sea level change

B) storm

C) extinction

D) emigration

E) glaciation

A

C) extinction

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7
Q

The removal of a keystone species will have major impacts on ________.

A) predatory species

B) ecosystem function

C) crytpic species

D) productivity

E) species richness

A

B) ecosystem function

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8
Q

Animals with short-lived planktonic larvae have ______ rates of endemism than those with wide-spread dispersal.

A) lower

B) higher

C) the same

D) depressed

A

B) higher

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9
Q

A plant of animal species that is restricted to one or a few localities in its distribution is said to be _______.

A) isolated

B) extinct

C) allopatric

D) endemic

E) sympatric

A

D) endemic

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10
Q

Marine species constitute more than _______ % of the known species on Earth.

A) 5

B) 8

C) 14

D) 60

E) 64

A

C) 14

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11
Q

Species which are morphologically identital but genetically differnt are said to be ________ species.

A) morpho

B) cryptic

C) sympatric

D) daughter

E) sister

A

B) cryptic

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12
Q

Sea level has been much _____ for the last 250,000 years.

A) the same

B) higher

C) lower

A

C) lower

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13
Q

The depth at which integrated daily production is equal to the daily integrated respiration is the ________ depth.

A) critical

B) mixing

C) compensation

D) PR point

E) photic

A

A) critical

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

_________ light is attenuated more quickly than ______ light in estuarine and nearshore coastal waters.

A) blue, red

B) green, blue

C) green, red

D) red, blue

E) reflected, absorbed

A

A) blue, red

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16
Q

When the critical depth is less than the mixing depth, there is __________ net phytoplankton growth.

A) positive

B) reduced

C) no

D) negative

E) alternative

A

C) no

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17
Q

In the ocean, the depth at which the rate of primary production is equal to the respiration rate is the ______ depth.

A) critical

B) mixing

C) compensation

D) PR point

E) photic

A

C) compensation

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18
Q

Heterocysts are specialized structures used by ________ to protect nitrogenase from exposure to oxygen.

A) phytoplankton

B) dinoflagellates

C) crytophytes

D) prokaryotes

E) cyanobacteria

A

E) cyanobacteria

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19
Q

A species is said to be “_________” if its removal from an ecosystem has no impact on system function.

A) relict

B) reticent

C) cryptic

D) redundant

E) repetitive

A

D) redundant

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20
Q

Following the KT mass extinction event 64 million years ago, almost ________ % or marine species went extinct.

A) 5

B) 16

C) 21

D) 11

E) 4

A

D) 11

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21
Q

Some phytoplankton use ______ to convert HCO3 to CO2 within and outside the cell.

A) carbonic anhydrase

B) carbonase

C) carbonic lyase

D) carbon reductase

E) carboxylic ligase

A

A) carbonic anhydrase

22
Q

In terms of the amount of nitrogen fixed, the most important nitrogen fixer (diazotroph) is in the open ocean is probably _________.

A) Trichocystous

B) Oscillatoria

C) Trichodesmium

D) Prochlorcoccus

E) Synechococcus

A

C) Trichnodesmium

23
Q

A reaction center combined with the accessory photosynthetic pigments comprises a ___________.

A) chloroplast

B) nacelle

C) photosynthetic unit

D) photocenter

E) thylakoid

A

C) photosynthetic unit

24
Q

At low latitudes, diversity is maintained by _________ and at higher latitudes, diversity is maintained by disturbance.

A) disturbance

B) biotic interactions

C) temp

D) wave height

E) keystone species

A

B) biotic interactions

25
Q

Marine and terrestrial primary production are approximately equal at _______ Pg C Y.

A) 5

B) 50

C) 500

D) 0.5

E) 150

A

B) 50

26
Q

Diatoms have ______ flagella.

A) one

B) two

C) paired

D) no

E) branched

A

D) no

27
Q

The two major groups of NON-motile phytoplankton are _____ and ______.

A) diatoms, dinoflagellates

B) cyanobacteria, cryptophytes

C) diatoms, cyanobacteria

D) diatoms, cryptophytes

E) chrysophytes, cyrptophytes

A

C) diatoms, cyanobacteria

28
Q

Combined nitrogen, usually nitrate (NO3), that is recycled within a system is said to be _______ nitrogen.

A) regenerated

B) old

C) redundant

D) new

E) external

A

A) regenerated

29
Q

________ is the single most abundant (non-gaseous) chemical species of bioavailable nitrogen in deep ocean waters.

A) nitrite

B) nitrate

C) ammonium

D) A and C

E) urea

A

B) nitrate

30
Q

The three major branches on the General Phylogenetic Tree are Eukarya, Bacteria, and _______.

A) Fungi

B) Archaea

C) Aracnida

D) Archetypa

E) Eubacteria

A

B) Archaea

31
Q

Nitrate reductase is used to convert nitrate to _______.

A) ammonium

B) N2 gas

C) oxygen

D) nitrate

E) nitrite

A

E) nitrite

32
Q

The conversion of nitrate (NO3) to N2 gas is ________.

A) nitrogen fixation

B) denitrification

C) nitrification

D) ammonification

E) reduction

A

B) denitrification

33
Q

The conversion of ammonium to nitrite then to nitrate is _______.

A) nitrogen fixation

B) denitrification

C) nitrification

D) ammonification

E) reduction

A

C) nitrification

34
Q

The saltmarch cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) uses the _______ pathway of photosynthesis.

A) C3

B) C4

C) C2

D) shortest

E) longest

A

B) C4

35
Q

A _________ uses energy derived from chemical compounds to manufacture organic compounds by chemosynthesis.

A) chemoautotroph

B) photoautotroph

C) mixotroph

D) heterotroph

E) prokaryote

A

A) chemoautotroph

36
Q

The most useful (i.e. requires less energy for acquisition) form of combined nitrogen for phytoplankton is _________.

A) nitrite

B) nitrate

C) ammonium

D) urea

E) N2 gas

A

C) ammonium

37
Q

___________ cleaves the triple-bonded N2 molecule.

A) nitrogenase

B) N-reductase

C) denitrogenase

D) dinitrogenase

A

A) nitrogenase

38
Q

The observation that many similar species occur in close proximity in the seemingly uniform environment of the water column is known as “the ________ of the plankton”.

A) paradox

B) paradigm

C) prinicple

D) competition

E) rule

A

A) paradox

39
Q

According to biogeographic theory, species richness __________ in direct proportion to the area of an island.

A) increases

B) decreases

C) varies

D) declines

E) dissipates

A

A) increases

40
Q

Island size and isolation are important determinants of _________.

A) biogeography

B) species richness

C) emigration

D) survival rates

E) species evenness

A

B) species richness

41
Q

The acetylene reduction method measures rates of _________.

A) nitrogen fixation

B) denitrification

C) nitrification

D) ammonification

E) ammonium reduction

A

A) nitrogen fixation

42
Q

At a pH of ______, the percentages of total inorganic carbon as free CO2 and HCO3 are approximately equal.

A) 2

B) 6.5

C) 9

D) 11

E) 12

A

B) 6.5

43
Q

_________ is usually the most abundant form of combined inorganic N in runoff, riverine input, grounwater discharge and atmospheric deposition.

A) nitrite

B) nitrate

C) ammonium

D) urea

E) amino acid

A

B) nitrate

44
Q

Much of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in marine systems is _________.

A) labile

B) refractory

C) in the euphotic zone

D) inorganic

E) used by phytoplankton

A

B) refractory

45
Q

_______ is a pigment used by some bacteria for a type of anoxygenic photosynthesis.

A) photorhodopsin

B) chlorophyll b

C) fucoxanthin

D) proteorhodopsin

E) chlorophyll c

A

D) proteorhodopsin

46
Q

Photosynthesis removes dissolved CO2 and results in a(n) _______ in pH.

A) increase

B) decrease

C) shift from 8.0 to 7.5

D) shifts from 7.5 to 7.0

E) shift from 9.0 to 8.0

A

A) increase

47
Q

There are more than _______ different types of viruses in 100 mL of seawater.

A) 1000

B) 5000

C) 10000

D) 100000

E) 100

A

B) 5000

48
Q

As the attenuation coefficient for PAR decreases, the depth of the photic zone ________.

A) decreases

B) increases

C) shifts from red to blue

D) shifts from blue to red

E) is constant

A

B) increases

49
Q

Pigment packaging is a method used by phytoplankton for _________.

A) nutrient uptake

B) photosynthesis

C) karyostrophy

D) buoyancy

E) photoacclimation

A

E) photoacclimation

50
Q

Orthophosphate concentrations are usually very low in carbonate environments due to _______ onto calcium carbonate.

A) precipitation

B) absorption

C) adsorption

D) deposition

E) cementation

A

C) adsorption

51
Q

The _______ of the environment is very important for biogeochemical cycling in ecosystems.

A) pH conditions

B) redox state

C) ambient pressure

D) primary productivity

E) turbulence and mixing

A

B) redox state

Marine Final Exam (3 decks)

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