Test #3 Flashcards
(404 cards)
1
Q
What is a grain?
A
Also known as caryopsis, are dry single-seeded, indehiscent fruits.
2
Q
The member poaceae has what type of family and what type of fruit?
A
It is a monocot family and have grains for their fruits.
3
Q
Why is poaceae important?
A
It is the most important family that provides staple food not only for humans but also animals.
4
Q
What is cereal?
A
It is an edible grain of certain grasses. It is also the number one food source for humans.
5
Q
Describe grass plants
A
It is mostly herbaceous, with round stems, conspicuous nodes, and hollow internodes.
6
Q
What are “Culms”?
A
They are major branches of the stems and are usually hollow at the intermodal region.
7
Q
What type of root system does grasses have?
A
Grasses have a fibrous root system and adventitious roots that arise from lower nodes also frequently support them.
8
Q
What does perennial grasses have?
A
They have stolons or rhizomes that help the grass spread through vegetative propagation.
9
Q
What are lodicules?
A
reduced perianth
10
Q
What is a pale?
A
It is an inner bract surrounding surrounding the entire incomplete floret.
11
Q
What is a lemma?
A
It is an outer bract surrounding surrounding the entire incomplete floret.
12
Q
What does the tip of the lemma do?
A
It can extend into a long, sharp awn that helps in dispersal.
13
Q
What is bran?
A
It is a structure in which the pericarp and seed coat fuse together.
14
Q
What is the germ in the seed?
A
It is a small embryo inside the seed
15
Q
What makes up the bulk of the seed?
A
A well developed endosperm makes up the bulk of the seed.
16
Q
What isa scutellum?
A
It is the grass embryo which consists of a single cotyledon.
attached to an embryonic shoot with a coleoptile and a coleorhiza.
17
Q
What does the the coleoptile form?
A
It forms a shoot.
18
Q
What does a coleorhiza form?
A
It forms a root.
19
Q
What is the endosperm mostly made of?
A
It is mostly made of starch, as in rice, sometimes with a little protein like in wheat.
20
Q
What is the aleurone layer?
A
It is a layer surrounding the endosperm inside the bran.
21
Q
What is the aleurone layer made of?
A
This layer is rich in protein and fats.
22
Q
What does the aleurone layer do?
A
It aids the embryo during the germination process by breaking down the starchy endosperm into simple sugars.
23
Q
What was an original problem farmers had with cereal grasses?
A
The problem was called “lodging” and made harvesting nearly impossible even with machinery.
24
Q
What is lodging?
A
Lodging is a term for crops that would fall over and become tangled due to heavy rains and strong winds.
25
What is shattering?
It is a natural process in grass plants that allows dispersal of the mature fruit further away from the parent plant.
26
What is threshing?
It is the process of removing the edible grain for human consumption.
27
What is winnowing?
It is a process of removing the dry broken chaff mixed with the grains after the completion of threshing.
28
What is a whole grain?
It is everything in a grain except the chaff and lodicules.
| It includes bran, the endosperm, and the embryo, thus making it a healthy staple.
29
What is a polished grain? (AKA: pearling)
It is when the aleurone layer and the embryo gets removed, resulting in a white refined grain.
30
What grain feeds more people than any other?
Rice
31
Rice is a symbol of what?
Fertility and is considered sacred (asia)
32
What genus does rice belong to?
Oryza sativa.
33
Rice is native to where?
Southeastern parts of Asia.
34
Where did the cultivation of rice start?
It started in the middle east.
35
What are some major producers of rice in the Unites States?
California, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi.
36
Who is the larger producer of upland rice?
Brazil
37
What are the three types of rice?
1. Indiica
2. japonica
3. javanica
38
What is beriberi?
It is a health condition that results in nerve inflammation.
39
The rice bran is a natural source of which vitamin?
Vitamin B
40
What process removes vitamin B?
The polishing process
41
Parboiled rice
It gets steamed along with the glumes that enable the starch to absorb the nutrients.
it takes longer to cook, does not stick, and retains a dull color.
42
Basmati rice
Is a fragrant, long grain rice preferred for its long, distinct cooked grains for making meat or vegetable-based middle eastern and indian spiced rice.
43
What is Biriyani rice?
vegetable-based middle eastern and indian spiced rice dishes.
44
Jasmine rice
Is the Thailand fragrant rice with a nutty aroma, nothing to do with jasmine.
45
Red rice
It is a fermented, red-purple colored rice used in place of regular white rice or as food coloring.
46
How does red rice acquire its color?
It acquires the red color through the inoculation of red yeast into the cooked rice.
Monascus purpueus
47
Wheat
It is an ancient grain.
48
Where is wheat native to?
It is thought to be native to Iraq and Syria.
49
Who is the major producer of wheat?
The U.S.A.
50
What does einkorn mean?
It means one grain.
51
What is einkorn?
It is the modified form of an early mutant that showed a suppressed shattering.
52
What is emmer wheat?
It is a tetraploid that resulted in a free threshing natural mutant type.
53
What is durum wheat?
free threshing natural mutant type from emmer wheat.
54
What is another name for wheat?
It is "the staff of life"
55
What is whole grain flour?
It is ground from the entire grain using the bran, germ, and the endosperm.
56
What is germ grain flour?
It comes only from endosperm and the germ, leaving out the bran.
57
What is white flour?
It contains only starch because it comes from the endosperm, leaving out the fiber rich bran and protein rich germ.
58
What is all purpose flour?
It is a blend of different wheat flours with a moderate amount of protein.
59
What is enriched flour?
It has vitamin B, iron, niacin added to plain white flour.
60
What is graham flour?
It is a blend of finely ground endosperm mixed with coarsely ground germ and bran flours.
61
What is self-rising flour?
It is wheat flour (white or whole wheat) pre-mixed with chemical agents that help in self rising when the cook makes dough or batter.
62
What is semolina flour?
comes from durum wheat.
63
What is corn?
It is a new world crop that grows well in both temperate and tropical regions.
64
What is another name for corn?
It is "indian maize"
65
What does Zea mean in Greek?
It means "to live"
66
Who introduced corn to Europe?
It was christopher columbus
67
What is one difference in the flower of corn then other cereal grasses?
The corn has unisexual flowers.
68
What is the ear of the corn?
It is the female inflorescence.
69
What is the difference between the location of make and female flowers on corn?
Male flowers are located in terminal branched inflorescences and female flowers are in the axil of the leaves.
70
Corn is --------- free and not as nutritious as ------
gluten
| wheat
71
What is pellagra?
It is a disease characterized by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis caused by tryptophan and niacin deficiency.
72
What is corn flour?
It has a mild flavor and use as a thickening agent.
73
What is cornmeal?
It is coarse wholegrain corn flour.
74
What are oats?
Usually used as secondary crops.
75
Where is oats native to?
Eurasia
76
What is oat grass stems used for?
It is used for livestock feed.
77
What are groats?
They are hulled oats that have their bran intact and can be eaten unrefined.
Highly nutritious
78
What can be found in oats?
amino acids, lysine, high amount of soluble/insoluble fiber and high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins B and E, and more calories than wheat.
79
What is oatmeal?
It is rolled oats used in making porridge, cookies, and bread.
80
What is sorghum?
like corn, has bisexual flowers.
81
Where if sorghum native to?
Africa
82
What is sorghum known as in the USA?
sorgo
83
What is sorghum known as in Africa?
great millet
84
What is sorghum known as in India?
cholam.
85
What cereal is the fourth most important?
Sorghum.
86
What are the three main uses for sorghum?
1. syrup
2. forage
3. grain
87
What is silage?
food for cattle
88
Molasses is from which plant?
sorghum
89
Who is the "Broom Corn Capital of the World"?
Arcola, illinois
90
Where is sorghum widely used as beer?
Africa
91
What is the origin of barley?
Southwestern Asia
92
What is the major use of barley?
baking, beer, and whiskey making
93
Where is millet-finger originally from?
Africa
94
What is the most common use of millet-finger?
flat bread, porridge, beer
95
Where is millet-pearl originally from?
Africa
96
What is the most common use of millet-pearl?
flat bread, cooked, in beer
97
Where is rye from?
Southwestern Asia
98
What is the most common use of rye?
pumpernickel bread,rich source of lysine, rye whiskey, dutch gin, forage
99
Where is triticale originally from?
Artificial hybrid
100
What is the most common use of triticale?
Bread and replaces rye in most recipes
101
Where is wild rice originally from?
new world
102
What is the most common use for wild rice?
cooking
103
What is Sugarcane?
It is not a grain-yielding grass but is in poaceae and similar to sorghum.
104
What does sugar cane do for us?
It gives us common table sugar.
105
Who is the major cultivator of sugar cane?
Brazil
106
Who was probably the first country to make sugar from sugar cane?
India
107
What does sea mean?
To live
108
Corn has less----than wheat
PROTEIN
109
polished grains have longer what?
Shelf life
110
Gluten
complex of proteins in the wheat grain.
111
Pellegra
Is due to the lack of tryhtophan and niacin
112
Products of Corn
Corn starch/meal/ flour/oil/syrup/corn based cereals and snacks.
industrial use
alcoholic beverages
genetic studies
113
Oats are often eaten:
at is eaten unrefined
114
Oats are highly----
Nutritious
115
Sorghum is grown for what?
Grown for their grain, syrup (molasses), or as a forage and for making brooms.
116
Sorghum is an important staple in which country
Africa
117
Sorghum flowers are:
Bisexual
118
Oats are important to which country?
Scotland
119
Which type of fiber is oats?
Soluble fiber
120
What is poor mans wheat?
Rye
121
Rye is rich in what?
Fiber (even in the endosperm)
122
What is triticale?
Hybrid between wheat and rye
123
Barley was important to whom?
Important food for the ancient people of Mediterranean region.
124
When was barley was brought into cultivation?
brought into cultivation along with wheat, approximately 9,000 years ago in the Near East.
125
Cinnamon is from the family?
lauraceae
126
Which of the following cereal grass florets is/are unisexual?
CORN
127
A culm is what?
Hollow internodes of a monocot
128
When did Vasco da Gama went to India?
1498
129
When did christopher columbus find the new world?
1492
130
Who discovered a western route to the moluccas?
Magellan
131
When did the US spice history start?
1672
132
Who sold the first spice (black pepper) in the US?
Captain johnathan carnes
133
hat is one of the oldest and most valuable spices?
Cinnamon
134
Cinnamon is native to which country?
India and Siri Lanki
135
What is a dried rolled piece of cinnamon called?
Cinnamon quil
136
What family is cinnamon in?
Lauraceae
137
What is the family of cloves?
Myrtaceae
138
What are cloves?
Unopened flower buds
139
What is the "head" of the clove spice?
The flower bud
140
What is allspice known as?
jamaica pepper
clove pepper
pimento
141
Allspice
The dried, whole green berries.
142
What are blackened white peppers?
The dried fruits of piper nigrum
143
The family of the peppers?
piperaceae
144
The difference in the white and black pepper
The black pepper is picked while unripe, the white pepper is picked when ripe.
The process for both also differs.
145
Pepper is known as what?
The king of spices
146
nutmeg and mace are what type of plants?
dioecious
147
Indonesia and Grenada are are the world's leading producers of what?
nutmeg
148
More than 70% of the world production of cardamom is grown where?
Kerala, India
149
Elakka is what?
Indian for cardamom
150
Turmeric is also known as
yellow ginger
151
Saffron comes from what?
autumn crocus
152
Autumn crocus is native to what?
The eastern mediterranean regions.
153
Who introduced saffron in the tenth century
Arabs
154
Who is the leading producer of saffron?
Spain
155
Vanilla is from
Vanilla planifolia
156
Where is vanilla native to?
Mexico
157
The spanish word vanilla refers to what?
The fruit pods called capsules.
158
What is the most expensive spice?
saffron
159
What is the second most expensive spice?
Vanilla
160
who is the leading producer of the vanilla bean?
Madagascar
161
peppers are from which family?
Solanaceae
162
peppers are native to which country?
South America
163
Masala
indian spice powders
164
Cayenne pepper stimulates what?
Blood circulation
165
Burning sensation of peppers
capsaicin
166
Carrot family
Apiaceae
167
Parsley originated from where?
Persia
168
Coriander is native to which country?
Southwest Asia
169
garam masala
indian powder
170
Ajwain native to
eastern mediterranean
171
Asafoetida is native to
Iran and west africa
172
Mustard family
Distinguished by the cruciform arrangement of petals, which are often cross-like.
173
What is in the family Apiaceae?
```
Ajwain
Anise
Asafoetida
Caraway
Coriander
Cumin
Dill
Fennel
Parsley
```
174
What herbs are in the Asteraceae family?
Tarragon
175
What herbs are in the Braccicaceae family?
```
Horseradish
black mustard
brown mustard
white mustard
wasabi
```
176
What herbs are in the Capparaceae family?
Capers
177
What herbs are in the Fabaceae family?
Fenugreek
178
What herbs are in the Lamiaceae family?
```
Basil
morjoram
oregano
peppermint
rosemary
sage
spearmint
thyme
```
179
What herbs are in the Rutaceae family?
Indian curry leaf
180
"hot dog" mustard is a mixture of what?
Two or more kinds of mustard and turmeric added for color.
181
Before the introduction of peppers and capsicums what was used as a source of hot pungent taste?
Horseradish
182
What is the binomial for horseradish?
Amoracia rusticana
183
What is used to prepare the horseradish sauce?
The fleshy taproots
184
What causes the sharp taste?
Sinigrin and isothiocyanates
185
Sinigrin and isothiocyanates are found in?
Wasabi
black mustard
horseradish
186
Wasabi is also known as?
Japanese horseradish
187
Wasabi is native to
Japan
188
What is the mint family called?
Lamiaceae
189
Where did the mint family originate from?
The mediterranean region
190
How can you identify the mint family?
Squraish stem
simple aromatic leaves
irregular flowers
191
Which herb is the most widely grown herb?
M. Piperita
| aka peppermint
192
What typeof plants are the oreganos?
Perennial plants
193
When was oregano introduced to the USA?
World War 2
194
Many chefs around the world consider this to be "the king of herbs"
Basil
195
Thyme
versatile herb used for many things.
196
What is tulsi?
Basil in India
197
Basil is a symbol of what in India
It is a symbol of purity
198
Basil is known for what?
It is known for it healing power for common colds, fevers, treating eyes and skin.
199
What medicine refers to basil for its use?
Ayurvedic
200
Rosemary
A wooded fragrant shrub with needle like leaves.
201
Rosemary is native to
The mediterranean region
202
Sage
small woody plant with slight peppery flavor.
203
Which herb was most commonly used as a remedy in the olden days?
Sage
204
Capers binomial
Capparis spinosa
205
Capers are in what family?
Capparidaceae
206
What is the use of capers?
It is used as a flavor enhancer
207
The caper bush is native to
Mediterranean region
208
The bioflavonoid is a valued antioxidant in which plant?
Capers
209
Tarragon is native to
Eurasia
210
Who makes carbonated soft drinks with tarrago syrup?
Armenia
Russia
Persia
211
Tarragon was introduced to the USA in
the 19th century
212
Indian curry leaf is native to
India
213
Which herb is the oldest medicinal herb?
Fenugreek
214
Where does fenugreek originate from?
The mediterranean region
215
"curry" the word originated from where?
India
216
A spice that combines the flavor of cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves is?
Pimenta dioica-allspice
217
Which is the "king of spices"?
Black pepper
218
Which of the following do Hindu religious rituals use extensively
Turmeric
219
Which of the following paris of spices come from the same fruit?
Nutmeg and mace
220
Eugenol
cloves
221
Myristicin
Nutmeg
222
What two spices are modified, underground storage rhizomes?
Ginger and turmeric
223
In 1271------began his travels at 17ys old to the Orient and witnessed the spice plantations
Marco Polo
224
Which of the following spices has uses in desserts, medicines, toothpaste and also in cigarettes?
Cloves
225
Ginger is native to
Asia and India
226
Chinese mustard is also consumed as a
Leafy green
227
Commercially sold coriander and cumin are not
Real seeds
228
Asafoetida is the dried root of a giant fennel
FALSE
229
The USA spice trade started with
Black pepper
230
Clove is in the same family as?
Guava
231
The family clove is in
Myrtaceae
232
The unopened clove bud is
the spice
233
What is in the unopened clove bud?
Essential oils
234
The pepper plant
Is a climbing vine
235
The pepper is native to?
India and east indies
236
Saffrom is from
from the stigmas of the ovary
237
The term saffron comes from where?
Arabic: Zafarn (yellow)
238
which spice is the most expensive?
Saffron
239
Plant narcotics
A variety of metabolic secondary plant products that have a profound effect on the human mental state.
240
What do narcotic drugs do?
bind to the nervous system and alter the natural interactions between cell nerves
241
What do Stimulants do?
Temporarily increase alertness, reduce hunger and increase performance.
242
What are some examples of stimulants?
Caffeine
cocaine
ephedrine
nicotine
243
What do hallucinogens do?
Cause changes in thought, emotion ; modify perception and consciousness; dreamlike state and cognitive skill.
244
What are some examples of hallucinogens?
Marijuana
| LSD
245
What do depressants do?
Induce a sleep like state, dull mental awareness; reduce physical performances.
loss in motor coordination and slurred speech
246
What are some examples of depressants?
Opiates
| Tropane alkaloids
247
Other names for marjuana
ganga
pot
weed
grass
248
Marjuana is made from
shredded plant parts of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa
249
What family is the marjuana plant from?
Cannabinaceae
250
Where did the marjuana plant originate from?
Central Asia
251
The unfertilized female flower and adjacent leaves of the marjuana plant have what on them?
Granular trichomes with sticky resin.
252
What is the sticky resin from the marjuana plant?
It is the psychoactive compounds known as THC.
253
What is THC
tetrahydrocannabinol
254
What is "ma"
chinese word for the hemp plant
255
Where does the term "land of mulberry and hemp" refer to?
China
256
China first used hemp for what?
Paper
257
Who first used marjuana for its hallucinogenic properties?
India
258
Who discovered that marjuana could yield a more potent resin from what?
India
| unfertilized female flowers
259
What was the name of the more potent resin called?
sinsemilla
260
What is the milk based religious drink called?
bhang
261
The potent female flowers and upper leaves are called
ganga
262
What did Indians usually do with the ganga?
smoke it.
263
What is the most pure and potent resin called?
Charas or hashish
264
Marjuana was used in hooks by whom?
Arabs
265
Where is opium from?
The opium poppy
266
What family is opium from?
Papaveraceae
267
Where is opium originally from?
Southeastern Europe
| western Asia
268
Opium war had a huge impact on whom?
China
269
Sumerian tablets called opium what?
"joy plant"
270
What is coca?
Source of powerful alkaloid cocaine.
271
Coca plants are native to?
the andes mountains in south america
272
Cocaine is also called
blow
coke
crack
snow
273
Cocaine does what to your body?
it is an euphoric stimulant and appetite suppressor.
274
What drink had cocaine in it?
Coca-cola
275
"Coke"
hydrochloride salt that dissolves in water
276
"Crack"
smokable form of cocaine
277
"Rocks"
The solid form of "crack"
278
Tobacco
An alkaloid, nicotine,
279
Where are nicotiana tabacum and N. rustic found?
south america and the south pacific
280
Where is N. suaveolens found?
Australia
281
Alkaloid is found in what parts of the tobacco plant?
all parts of the plant
282
Who considered tobacco a sacred plant?
Native American Indians
283
The statue of Thomas Jefferson is of him standing on what?
tobacco and corn
284
What plant is the most important cash earning, non-food crop in the world?
The tobacco plant
285
What type of plants are from the family Solanaceae?
```
Belladonna
Henbane
Mandrake
jimson weed
tobacco
```
286
Belladonna, Henbane, Mandrake, jimson weed have what type of psychoactive nature?
Hallucinogen
287
Opium have what type of psychoactive nature?
Depressant
288
Belladonna
yields atropine that one can absorb directly through the skin
289
What are tropane alkaloids?
A class of secondary metabolites naturally found in many members of solanaceae
290
What is the binomial for henbane?
Hysoscyamus niger
291
What does henbane contain?
scopolamine
hyoscyamine
atropine
292
Which is the least toxic due to relatively low amounts of atropine?
Henbane
293
What is the binomial for mandrake root?
Mandragora officinarum
294
What figure does the mandrake root look like?
male and female figures
295
Which large brown root resembles a parsnip?
Mandrake root
296
Which three plants played a large role in Europe during the Middle ages
Mandrake
henbane
belladona
297
What is peyote?
new world hallucinogens.
298
What are some herbs in the family Apiaceae?
```
Dill
anise
cilantro
cumin
carrot
parsnip
celery
```
299
What is "Devil's dung"?
The asafoetida
300
Herbs fall into three main families:
Apiaceae
Brassicaceae
Lamiaceae
301
What type of vegetables are in the family brassicaceae?
brussel sprouts, broccoli, kohlrabi, radish, turnip, cabbage, cauiflower
302
Where does the yellow coloring in mustard come from?
Turmeric
303
Which herbs degrade easily?
Horseradish and wasabi
304
What is sinigrin?
The cause for the "bite" in horseradish.
305
Sinigrin is in which herbs?
Horseradish
| Wasabi
306
What is curry powder
A mixture of different spices
307
Jimsonweed is native to
The United States
308
The jimsonweed is used as
An intoxicant
309
What is the jimsonweed rich in?
scopolamine
310
What is the most hallucinogenic of all tropane alkaloids>
Scopolamine
311
Angels trumpet is native to
Brazil
312
What parts of the angels trumpet are toxic in large portions?
All of it.
313
What are the toxic properties of angels trumpet?
Scopolamine and atropine.
314
What are some lesser known plants?
```
Peyote
Kava
Betel
Ololiugui
Kat
Caapi
```
315
What are some Poisonous plants?
```
Castor beans
milweed
Oleander
Curare
jack in the pulpit
skunk cabbage
dumb cane
```
316
Peyote is in which family?
Cactaceae
317
This wooly green cactus grows close to the ground and contains the most active hallucinogen mescaline among 30 different alkaloids.
Peyote
318
Hallucinations of this plant can last up to 12 hours!!
Peyote
319
What kind of plant is Kava?
A shrubby plant
320
What is the binomial for Kava?
Piper methysticum
321
What does methysticum mean?
Intoxicating
322
What else does Kava refer to (other than a plant)
A pungent beverage from its roots.
323
What is the family of Kava?
Piperaceae
324
Kava is an ancient crop from where?
The pacific islands
325
What is the active ingredient to Kava?
Kavalactones
326
What part of the kava plant is used?
the root part
327
Betel is also from what family?
The pepper family
328
Describe the plant Betel
It is a perennial climber with glossy crisp-textured leaves.
329
Betel is native to
India and Siri Lanka
330
Betel is a symbol of what?
welcome and hospitality
331
What part of the plant betel is used?
The leaf.
332
What is another word for a betel leaf
paan.
333
What family is Ololiuqui in?
Convolulaceae
334
What does the plant ololiuqui look like?
vines with thin cordate leaves and long funnel-shapped flowers.
335
The seeds of the Ololiuqui contain
A chemical D-Lysergic acid amide
336
Kat is in what family?
Celasreaceae
337
Kat is native to
Ethiopia
338
What part of the plant is used?
Leaves
339
What is Caapi also known as?
cyahuasca
yaje
cipo
340
Caapi is in what family?
Malpighiaceae
341
Where is Caapi native to
South America
342
What family is Castor beans in?
Euphorbiaceae
343
What is the toxic protein in Caapi?
ricin
344
What is the most deadly poison?
Castor beans
345
What are two poisonous plants in the family Apocynaceae?
Milkweed
| Oleander
346
How does dumb cane affect us?
It has calcium oxalate crystals in the form of needles that poke us and cause swelling, burning and temporary paralysis.
347
Curare
Different types of concoctions made from poisonous plants
348
What are commonly used plants in curare
Strychnos toxifera
| Chondrodendron tomentosum
349
Strychnos nux-vomica is native to?
Southeast asia
350
This poison is also used in rat poison
Strychnos nux-vomica
351
Poison hemlock is also known as
poison parsley
352
Poison hemlock is also in the same family as?
Carrots and celery
353
Mescal bean is a member of what family?
Fabaceae
354
Which is the major source of alkaloids?
Mescal bean
355
Mescal bean is native to
North America
356
The psychoactive compounds of marjuana mostly occur in the
Glandular trichomes
357
The largest legal producer of opium is
India
358
Frederick Serturner isolated which of the following?
Morphine
359
Which of the following would fit the category of stimulant drug?
Cocaine
360
Which of the following belongs to convolvulaceae?
Kat
361
Abrin is the toxic in which plant?
Jequirity bean
362
Cardiac glycosides
Milk weed
363
Coniine
poison hemlock
364
Which of the following genera exemplify the doctrine of signatures?
Mandragora
365
Which plant drug was traditionally prepared by chewing the root fragments to make a beverage
Kava
366
A legal drug obtained from opium is
Codeine
367
Cannacis is native to the new world
False
368
The most recent discovery of opium use was in the arab world
False
369
Crude opium is derived from
dried latex
370
Scopolamine is a
tropane alkaloid
371
Native american churches accept
peyote use
372
India is the land of mulberry and hemp
false
373
Crude opium traditionally filled hookas
false
374
Roots originally produced the alkaloids in
Tobacco
375
Ricin is an alkaloid
False
376
Grasses belong to which family?
Poaceae
377
How much of the worlds vegetation is from the grass family?
25%
378
Which three food crops are the most extensively grown?
Wheat
rice
corn
379
What is a grass panicle?
A type of inflorescence made up of florets
380
describe the grass flower
florets, small, inconspicuous and incomplete,
borne on inflorescences
petal and sepals are reduced to lodicules
381
Describe the grass floret structure
3 stamens
1 carpel
1 ovule
surrounded by 2 bracts
382
What makes up the bracts?
Palea-closer to the flower
| Lemma-furthest from the flower
383
What is the germ in the grain?
The embryo
384
Indica rice is
Long grain, do not stick together when cooked
385
Japonica
Short grain, sticks together when cooked.
386
Javanica
Large grain
387
Who is the leading producer of whole grains
USA
388
Oats are important to which country
Scotland
389
This plant is relatively similar to corn, however the flowers are bisexual
Sorghum
390
Where is Millet grown?
Africa
India
China
391
Millet is used in the USA as
forage grass and birdseed
392
What is wild rice also known as?
water oats
393
Which grains are not "real" grains?
Amaranth
buckwheat
Quinoa
394
Buckwheat is from
the middle east
395
Quinoa is from
South America
396
Pinnate means
Feather
397
Trichome
Out growth on plant epidermis
398
Glandular trichome
Secreation/tip at the tip of the trichome
399
Tetrahydro cannabinol
The sticky secretion.
400
What is THC?
Tetrahydro cannibinol
401
Palmately C.
All the leaves attached to one spot, leaves are always odd number
402
Ganja is made of what?
Female flowers and young leaves
403
Ganja is from where?
India
404
Uses of marijuana in India
Bhang
Ganja
Hashish/charas
Sinsemilla-more potent, resin.
