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Ethnobotany > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ethnobotany?

A

The study of traditional plant uses by indigenous people.

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2
Q

Who first used the term “ethnobotany” for the first time?

A

John William Harshberger in 1895

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3
Q

What is plant biotechnology?

A

The use of technology in plant improvement.

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4
Q

What is horticulture?

A

The science of plant cultivation.

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5
Q

What is agronomy?

A

The science and technology of using plants for food, fiber and fuel.

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6
Q

What does ethno mean?

A

It means culture

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7
Q

What does botany mean?

A

The study of plants

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8
Q

Which (ancient) civilization was corn most important to?

A

The mochican people from moche in peru cultivated corn between the 1st-3rd centuries.

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9
Q

What archeological evidence was found that the mochican people created (from the book) that showed how important corn was to their civilization?

A

The archeological evidence that was found (in the book) was a vase of three corn Gods, made up of corn.

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10
Q

What archeological evidence was found that the people from the island of Crete created (from the book) that showed how important poppy was to their civilization?

A

The archeological evidence that was found (in the book) was a stone sculpture adorned with poppy capsules.

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11
Q

Which (ancient) civilization was poppy most important to?

A

The people from the island of Crete.

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12
Q

Which (ancient) civilization was potato most important to?

A

The people of the chimu culture in Peru.

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13
Q

What archeological evidence was found that the Chimu people created (from the book) that showed how important potato was to their civilization?

A

The archeological evidence that was found (in the book) was a potato pot.

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14
Q

Which (ancient) civilization was barley most important to?

A

The greek.

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15
Q

What archeological evidence was found that the greek people created (from the book) that showed how important barley was to their civilization?

A

The picture of barley was depicted on their currency.

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16
Q

What is economic botany?

A

Economic botany is the study of economic importance of plants.

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17
Q

Who is the “father” of ethnobotany?

A

Richard Evans Schultes.

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18
Q

What was Robert Schultes well known for?

A

He was known as the worlds authority on medicinal, narcotic and hallucinogenic plants of the new world.

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19
Q

Who are Ethnobotanists?

A

They are trained botanists.

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20
Q

Who wrote the first book on ethnobotany?

A

the writer was Leopold Glueck in 1896.

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21
Q

How are Carbohydrates available from plants?

A

fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch and cellulose.

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22
Q

What forms when we digest these carbohydrates?

A

Glucose forms when these carbohydrates are digested.

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23
Q

What type of plant contains fructose?

A

Fruits and corn.

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24
Q

What type of plant contains sucrose?

A

cane sugar

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25
Q

What type of plant contains maltose?

A

grains, like barley

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26
Q

What type of plant contains starch?

A

rice and white potato

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27
Q

What is the structural form of carbohydrates?

A

cellulose

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28
Q

What is an insoluble fiber?

A

cellulose and lignin and do not provide and nutritional benefit but add bulk to a diet which is essential for a healthy digestive system.

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29
Q

What is a soluble fiber?

A

Found in pectin, mucilage and gums reduce ldl in the blood.

30
Q

What provides insoluble fibers?

A

whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

31
Q

What provides soluble fibers?

A

apples and oats

32
Q

Why are proteins so important in a diet?

A

They are important for overall growth, health and maintenance of adequate metabolism.

33
Q

Give an example of vegetables that would be high in protein?

A

soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas.

34
Q

What two kinds of vitamins are there?

A

water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.

35
Q

Give examples of water soluble vitamins:

A

vitamin C, B Complex vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folic acid,

36
Q

what type of plants would provide a good source of water soluble vitamins?

A

fresh fruits, legumes, whole grains, seeds, and leafy green vegetables.

37
Q

Give examples of fat soluble vitamins:

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

38
Q

what type of plants would provide a good source of fat soluble vitamins? (minus Vitamin D)

A

seed, fruits, and dark green or yellow vegetables (i.e.: carrots, broccoli and spinach.

39
Q

Plants that are rich in calcium

A

artichoke, broccoli, kale, spinach, asparagus, oranges, blackberries, and most nuts.

40
Q

Plants that are rich in iron

A

dark green vegetables, dried fruits, sweet potato, legumes, whole grains, enriched breads and cereals.

41
Q

Plants that are rich in copper

A

kiwi and lima beans.

42
Q

What are antioxidants

A

These are phytochemicals that protect the body against certain types of life threatening diseases by fighting against free radicals in our blood that might cause tumors or cancer.

43
Q

What are the two classes of antioxidants?

A
  1. carotenoids

2. flavonoids

44
Q

What are carotenoids found in?

A

yellow, orange, red and green vegetables

such as carrots, broccoli, oranges, strawberries, whole grains, and nuts.

45
Q

What are flavonoids found in?

A

fruits and vegetables that are red, blue, purple, or black like blueberries and grapes.
soybean, pomegranate, tea, cranberries.

46
Q

What are some plants that had an impact on history?

A

TEA-originated in the orient, symbol of sophistication. arrived in England and then US.”boston tea party”
OPIUM-exchange between england and china resulted in the opium war.
COTTON-originated from india.
WHITE POTATO-originally came from south america, traveled to Europe and was partially responsible for the “great irish famine”.
SOYBEAN-from China.
PEANUT-china
BANANAS-carribean countries.

47
Q

What are some members in the Amaranth family (common name), Amaranthaceae (family name)

A

spinach

sugar beets

48
Q

What are some members in the carrot family (common name), Apiaceae (family name)

A

carrot

cumin

49
Q

What are some members in the palm family (common name), Arecaceae (family name)

A

date

coconut

50
Q

What are some members in the sunflower family (common name), Asteraceae (family name)

A

lettuce

sunflower

51
Q

What are some members in the mustard family (common name), Brassicaceae (family name)

A

mustard

broccoli

52
Q

What are some members in the bean family (common name), Fabaceae (family name)

A

beans

peanuts

53
Q

What are some members in the banana family (common name), musaceae (family name)

A

banana

54
Q

What are some members in the grass family (common name), Poaceae (family name)

A

wheat

corn

55
Q

What are some members in the rose family (common name), Rosaceae (family name)

A

Apple

Almond

56
Q

What are some members in the madder family (common name), Rubiaceae (family name)

A

Coffee

Cinchona

57
Q

What are some members in the night shade family (common name), Solanaceae (family name)

A

Tomato

Tobacco

58
Q

What are the top 5 most widely cultivated crops?

A
  1. rice
  2. wheat
  3. corn
  4. sugarcane
  5. banana
59
Q

What is the binomial name of rice?

A

Oryza sativa

60
Q

What is the binomial name of wheat?

A

Triticum monococcum

61
Q

What is the binomial name of corn?

A

Zea mays

62
Q

What is the binomial name of sugarcane?

A

Saccharum officinarum

63
Q

What is the binomial name of banana?

A

Musa spp.

64
Q

What is the binomial name of Cassava?

A

Manihot esculenta

65
Q

What is the binomial name of Sugar beat?

A

Beta vulgaris

66
Q

What is the binomial name of Soy bean?

A

Glycine max

67
Q

What is the binomial name of white potato?

A

Solanum tuberosum

68
Q

What is the binomial name of sweet potato?

A

Ipomoea batatas

69
Q

Which vitamin do our bodies synthesize by using sunlight?

A

Vitamin D

70
Q

What is lycopene?

A

An antioxidant, carotenoid

Ethnobotany (3 decks)

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