Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is ethnobotany?
The study of traditional plant uses by indigenous people.
Who first used the term “ethnobotany” for the first time?
John William Harshberger in 1895
What is plant biotechnology?
The use of technology in plant improvement.
What is horticulture?
The science of plant cultivation.
What is agronomy?
The science and technology of using plants for food, fiber and fuel.
What does ethno mean?
It means culture
What does botany mean?
The study of plants
Which (ancient) civilization was corn most important to?
The mochican people from moche in peru cultivated corn between the 1st-3rd centuries.
What archeological evidence was found that the mochican people created (from the book) that showed how important corn was to their civilization?
The archeological evidence that was found (in the book) was a vase of three corn Gods, made up of corn.
What archeological evidence was found that the people from the island of Crete created (from the book) that showed how important poppy was to their civilization?
The archeological evidence that was found (in the book) was a stone sculpture adorned with poppy capsules.
Which (ancient) civilization was poppy most important to?
The people from the island of Crete.
Which (ancient) civilization was potato most important to?
The people of the chimu culture in Peru.
What archeological evidence was found that the Chimu people created (from the book) that showed how important potato was to their civilization?
The archeological evidence that was found (in the book) was a potato pot.
Which (ancient) civilization was barley most important to?
The greek.
What archeological evidence was found that the greek people created (from the book) that showed how important barley was to their civilization?
The picture of barley was depicted on their currency.
What is economic botany?
Economic botany is the study of economic importance of plants.
Who is the “father” of ethnobotany?
Richard Evans Schultes.
What was Robert Schultes well known for?
He was known as the worlds authority on medicinal, narcotic and hallucinogenic plants of the new world.
Who are Ethnobotanists?
They are trained botanists.
Who wrote the first book on ethnobotany?
the writer was Leopold Glueck in 1896.
How are Carbohydrates available from plants?
fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch and cellulose.
What forms when we digest these carbohydrates?
Glucose forms when these carbohydrates are digested.
What type of plant contains fructose?
Fruits and corn.
What type of plant contains sucrose?
cane sugar
What type of plant contains maltose?
grains, like barley
What type of plant contains starch?
rice and white potato
What is the structural form of carbohydrates?
cellulose
What is an insoluble fiber?
cellulose and lignin and do not provide and nutritional benefit but add bulk to a diet which is essential for a healthy digestive system.
What is a soluble fiber?
Found in pectin, mucilage and gums reduce ldl in the blood.
What provides insoluble fibers?
whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
What provides soluble fibers?
apples and oats
Why are proteins so important in a diet?
They are important for overall growth, health and maintenance of adequate metabolism.
Give an example of vegetables that would be high in protein?
soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas.
What two kinds of vitamins are there?
water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
Give examples of water soluble vitamins:
vitamin C, B Complex vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folic acid,
what type of plants would provide a good source of water soluble vitamins?
fresh fruits, legumes, whole grains, seeds, and leafy green vegetables.
Give examples of fat soluble vitamins:
Vitamins A, D, E, K
what type of plants would provide a good source of fat soluble vitamins? (minus Vitamin D)
seed, fruits, and dark green or yellow vegetables (i.e.: carrots, broccoli and spinach.
Plants that are rich in calcium
artichoke, broccoli, kale, spinach, asparagus, oranges, blackberries, and most nuts.
Plants that are rich in iron
dark green vegetables, dried fruits, sweet potato, legumes, whole grains, enriched breads and cereals.
Plants that are rich in copper
kiwi and lima beans.
What are antioxidants
These are phytochemicals that protect the body against certain types of life threatening diseases by fighting against free radicals in our blood that might cause tumors or cancer.
What are the two classes of antioxidants?
- carotenoids
2. flavonoids
What are carotenoids found in?
yellow, orange, red and green vegetables
such as carrots, broccoli, oranges, strawberries, whole grains, and nuts.
What are flavonoids found in?
fruits and vegetables that are red, blue, purple, or black like blueberries and grapes.
soybean, pomegranate, tea, cranberries.
What are some plants that had an impact on history?
TEA-originated in the orient, symbol of sophistication. arrived in England and then US.”boston tea party”
OPIUM-exchange between england and china resulted in the opium war.
COTTON-originated from india.
WHITE POTATO-originally came from south america, traveled to Europe and was partially responsible for the “great irish famine”.
SOYBEAN-from China.
PEANUT-china
BANANAS-carribean countries.
What are some members in the Amaranth family (common name), Amaranthaceae (family name)
spinach
sugar beets
What are some members in the carrot family (common name), Apiaceae (family name)
carrot
cumin
What are some members in the palm family (common name), Arecaceae (family name)
date
coconut
What are some members in the sunflower family (common name), Asteraceae (family name)
lettuce
sunflower
What are some members in the mustard family (common name), Brassicaceae (family name)
mustard
broccoli
What are some members in the bean family (common name), Fabaceae (family name)
beans
peanuts
What are some members in the banana family (common name), musaceae (family name)
banana
What are some members in the grass family (common name), Poaceae (family name)
wheat
corn
What are some members in the rose family (common name), Rosaceae (family name)
Apple
Almond
What are some members in the madder family (common name), Rubiaceae (family name)
Coffee
Cinchona
What are some members in the night shade family (common name), Solanaceae (family name)
Tomato
Tobacco
What are the top 5 most widely cultivated crops?
- rice
- wheat
- corn
- sugarcane
- banana
What is the binomial name of rice?
Oryza sativa
What is the binomial name of wheat?
Triticum monococcum
What is the binomial name of corn?
Zea mays
What is the binomial name of sugarcane?
Saccharum officinarum
What is the binomial name of banana?
Musa spp.
What is the binomial name of Cassava?
Manihot esculenta
What is the binomial name of Sugar beat?
Beta vulgaris
What is the binomial name of Soy bean?
Glycine max
What is the binomial name of white potato?
Solanum tuberosum
What is the binomial name of sweet potato?
Ipomoea batatas
Which vitamin do our bodies synthesize by using sunlight?
Vitamin D
What is lycopene?
An antioxidant, carotenoid
