Test 3 Flashcards
the willful (nonegligent Klingon of one human being by another with malice aforethought
murder
causing the death of another person without legal justification or excuse
criminal homicide
murder that is willful, deliberate, or premeditated, or that is comitted during the course of another serious felony (often limited to rape, kidnapping, robbery, burglary, or arson)
first degree murder
murder that is not aggregated by any of the circumstances o first-degree murder. sometimes called nonnegligent manslaughter
second degree murder
which type of murder is not premeditated or without intent
third-degree murder
man shoots through a wall an kills a baby
third-degree murder
which type of murder?
intent to kill, no premeditation
second degree murder
tf
all poisoned are 1st degree murder
t
the unlawful killing of a human being without malice aforethought
manslaughter
the killing of another person through gross negligence. traffic fatalities are excluded
negligent manslaughter
homicide with no intention to kill or do grievous bodily harm, committed with criminal negligence, or during the commission of a crime not include within the felony murder rule
involuntary manslaughter
an act of murder reduced to manslaughter because of extenuating circumstances such as adequate provocation (arousing the “heat of passion”) or diminished capacity
voluntary manslaughter
recklessly acting without reasonable caution and putting another person at risk of injury or death (or failing to do something with the same consequence)
criminal negligence
intentional infliction of bodil injury on another person, or the attempt to inflict such injury
assault
what two things occur for aggregated assault
attacking to inflict pain
use of a weapon
tf
injury must occur for aggregated assault
f
injury is not necessary
assaults an attempted assaults where no weapon is used and which do not result in serious or aggravated injury to the victim
simple assault
tf
African Americans account for 75% of arrests for violent crimes
f
1/2
who is most likely to b the victim of homicide?
the least likely?
black males
white females
what race experiences aggravated assault and simple assault at the highest rates of any other ethnic group
American indians
what percent of homicide offenders are male
90%
what percent of murder victims are male
77%
what age are 50% of all arrests for violent crime
20-29
what age are people most likely to b victims of violence
12-24
tf
most victims of violence and offenders are strangers?
f
most know each othe
tf
murdered males are killed more often than women by their spouses
f
more females are killed by their spouses than murdered males
tf
most murders result from arguments
t
what weapon is used most often for homicide
handguns
what percent of officers killed are from guns
75%
tf
a person dies from a gunshot wound every 15 mins?
f
14
tf
25% of ttl firearm arrests are for juveniles
f
24%
what are juveniles weapon of choice?
knives/razors
tf
every 14 mins someone dies from a gunshot wound?
t
what season are murders more frequent
summer
what single month has the most murders
dec
what tod do most murders occur
bw 8pm sat n 2am sun
tf
offender motives for killing are often based on minor altercations which one party or the other is actively aggressive
f
both are actively aggressive
tf
1/2 of sniper attacks happen in the southern part of the country
f
western
tf
the offender, victim or both are usually drunk prior to the crime
t
what’s the most common form of violent crime
assault
what’s thw most comment weapon in aggregated assault
firearms
what’s the odds that a juvenile boy will aggressively assay compared to a girl?
7/1
tf
1/4 violent crimes at colleges invoke alcohol
f
1/3
murder as the result of hostile aggression, reactive violence
general altercation homicide
what 4 key occurrences must happen for a general altercation homicide to happen
produce a hostile attribution bias that promotes anger
impulsivity
lack of control
high emotional arousal
calculate acts in the commission of a crime
felony commission homicides
over have of juvenile murders were from a firearm
t
tf
500,000 children experience child abuse every year
f
900,000
tf
60% of abused children exp neglect
t
what age range are most children abused
0-3
this occurs when the parent, usually the mother, persistently fabricates or induces an illness in a child
Münchausen syndrome by proxy
what is a persons primary motive if they have Münchausen syndrome be proxy?
the attention, and manipulation of, powerful professionals
what accounts for 64% of all head trauma in infants
shake baby syndrome
tf
SBS is usually not an isolated incident
t
the killing of newborn within the first 24 hrs after birth
neonaticide
the killing of an infant (child by parent
infanticide
the killing of a child older than 24 months
filicide
what age are most infanticide victims
> 1yo
what are 6 problems with postpartum depression
- implies it is caused by child birth
- does not reflect mothers negative feelings about her baby
- implies that there is a difference bw PPD and depression
- men can also exp it
- women at risk are at risk for depression at other times
- may not even begin after childbirth
- often viewed as normal
- affects up to 85% of new mothers
- peaks bw 3-5 days
- resolves within 24-72 hrs
- subsides without treatment by day 14
postpartum blues
name four symptoms of postpartum blues
sadness, anxiety, irritability
tearfulness
wide mood swings
occasional negative thoughts
what is primary treatment for postpartum blues?
support
a more severe form of postpartum blues
postpartum depression
tf
postpartum depression affects less that 1/4 all adolescent new mothers
f
26-32%
how long must depression be present for diagnosis according to the DSM
2 weeks postpartum
reduced ability to experience rewarding this as rewarding
anhedonia
feelings of discomfort
dysphoric mood
what are some effects of postpartum depression
- diff concentrating or making decisions
- psychomotor agitation or retardation
- fatigue
- changes in appetite/sleep patterns
- reoccurring thoughts of death or suicide
- feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- anxiety
- frequent focus on child health
what’s the rarest for of PPD?
postpartum psychosis
when is onset for postpartum psychosis
as early as 48-72 hrs postpartum
when do symptoms develop for postpartum psychosis
within the first two weeks after delivery
tf
20-40% of neonaticides are comitted by women with PPP
f
20-40% of filicides
what’s the difference bw husband killing wife and wife killing husband
30% of husbands kill the wife
3% of wives kill the husband
tf
women are more likely to be mugged or raped by a stranger compared to injured by a family member
f
more likely to b injure by a fam member
tf
only 30 countries recognize marital rape
t
what’s one if the most frequently occurring crimes
IVP Intimate Partner Violence
what is the single major cause if injury to women in IPV
battering
tf
more than three women are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends in the us every day
t
what is the most frequent type of abuse among the elderly
neglect
what the most common form of familial violence
bw siblings
tf
3/1000 teenagers use physical violence against their parents
f
3/100
the killing of both parents
parracide
the killing of ones father
Patricide
the killing of ones mother
matricide
sibling killing sibling
siblicide
killing ones sister
sororicide
killings ones brother
fratricide
tf
men are 5x more likely to assault a stranger if they hit a family member
t
tf
abusers were themselves abused
f
myth
tf
battered women contribute to their abuse
f
myth
tf
abusive husbands are jealous and possessive
f
myth
what’s the #1 reason for abuse?
possessiveness
what are the three parts of the homicidal triad?
fire setting
animal abuse
age inappropriate bed wetting
what r the four types of profiling
criminal
geographical
psychological
victimology
the process of inferring distinctive personality traits, behavior patterns, geographical habits, etc., of individuals responsible for committing crimes
criminal profiling
an investigative strategy that uses the locations of a series of crimes to determine the most probable area of the offenders residence
geographical profiling
psychological description of a person
psychological profiling
refers to the reconstruction of the emotional life, behavior patterns, and cognitive features of the deceased
equivocal death analysis (reconstructive psychological evaluation)
what are the three components of the national center for the analysis of violent crime?
- behavioral analysis unit
- child abduction and serial murder investigative resources center
- violent crime apprehension program
what organization provides a nation-wide telecommunication link bw police agencies
national crime info center (NCIC)
what’s the difference bw mass, spree, and serial killers?
mass - 4+ victims, 1 event, 1 location
spree - 3+ victims, 1 event, 2+ locations
serial - 3+ victims, 3+ events, 3+ locations
serial killers are the only w a cooling off period
what is the age gap bw male n female serial killers?
males have a wider age range than females (9-72) and (14-55)
what r the two motivations for act-focused killings
visionary
mission oriented
what are the two motivations for process-focused kills
hedonistic (3)
power/control
what are the three types of hedonistic kills
gain oriented
lust oriented
thrill oriented
which motivations determine quick or slow kill?
act-focused = quick kill process-focused = slow kill
what r the five reason for mass murder
- revenge against specific people
- power
- loyalty (to save people from something)
- profit
- terror
what r four characteristics of school shooters
- social rejection
- psychological problems
- fascination with firearms, bombs, explosives
- fascination with death, dark themes
tf
1/10 violent crimes in the US occur in the workplace
f
1/6 !
tf
murder is the leading cause of death for women in the workplace
t
what are the four types of workplace offenders?
criminal intent
customer or client
worker on worker
personal relationship
in this type of workplace offending, the violence is committed by a stranger
criminal intent
what is the average age of workplace offenders?
30-50 yoa
what are the three types of terrorists
rationally motivated
psychologically motivated
culturally motivated
which terrorist is motivated by fear
culturally motivated terrorist
which terrorist acts on revenge
psychologically motivate
which terrorist acts on well-developed goals
rationally motivated terrorist
what four aspects that cause terrorism?
- cultural devaluation
- perceptions of inequality, relative deprivation, and injustice
- difficult life conditions
- strong respect for authority
what r the six motives for terrorism
- create moral justifications (they believe they done something noble)
- use euphemistic language (“neutralize” targets, ethic cleansing, ect.)
- advantageous comparisons (attackers r superior)
- dehumanization
- displacement of responsibility (they r simply following orders)
- diffusion of responsibility (in a group, each member feels less responsible)
the thorough study and analysis of the victims characteristics
victimology
requires states to release registration info to the public when it is necessary for public safety
Megan’s law
1st federal effort to address violence against women
violence against women act
tf
50% of college women report experiencing sexual assault or attempted sexual assault
f
over 1/4
what age range is rape most common
11-17 yoa
what relationship is most common among victims and perpetrators?
no relation; strangers
what is the most common physical injuries related to rape
minor injuries
what three drugs are commonly used for rape
rohypnol
ketamine
GHB
what r the four categories of rapists
- displaced aggression rapist
- compensatory rapist
- sexual aggressive rapist
- impulsive rapist
what is the most common type of rapist?
compensatory rapists
which is the least common type of rapist
sexual aggressive rapist
this type of rapist usually acts in the context of another crime
impulsive
this type of rapist usually expresses sadistic tendencies, and the rapist who is most likely to kill
sexual aggressive
this type of rapist is motivated from his belief that he is inadequate
compensatory
this type of rapist chooses victims the he or she hates; it is an expression of anger
displace aggression
