Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminal Behavior > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

this type of aggression stems from a feeling of anger; goal is to inflict pain or injury

A

hostile aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

behavior perpetrated or attempted which the intention of harming the individual physically, or psychologically, or to destroy an object

A

aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

this type of aggression takes place as a means to some other goal

A

instrumental aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hostile aggression is rational and calculated; it is used by the individual in order to maximize personal gains

A

f

instrumental aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tf

most murders are instrumental aggression

A

f

hostile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what r the three personal tendencies toward violence

A

genetic predispositions
physiological influences
learning history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what r the three situational tendencies toward violence

A

environmental stressors
cognitive reasoning
opportunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what personal tendency toward violence does the psychoanalytic view point support

A

genetic predisposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

theory that states destructive energy builds up inside us and eventually spills out in the form of violence against others or against the self.

A

psychoanalytic/psychodynamic viewpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tf

research shows that aggressive catharsis frequently leads to more aggression

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These r biologically based theories and start from the assumption that violence and aggression are a part of human nature; try r innate and inactive

A

ethnological viewpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the three “U’s” that describe instinct?

A

universal (every species has it)
unlearned
in changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who adapted Darwin’s theory of evolution and the principal of survival of the fittest?

A

Lorenz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is one problem with the instinct theory?

A

fails o account for variations in aggressiveness across individuals and cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do humans differ from animals with the “fighting instinct”?

A

humans don’t have it; if people put their hands up, the aggressor will continue to b aggressive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These r biologically based theories and start from the assumption that violence and aggression are a part of human nature; try r innate and inactive

A

ethnological viewpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three “U’s” that describe instinct?

A

universal (every species has it)
unlearned
in changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who adapted Darwin’s theory of evolution and the principal of survival of the fittest?

A

Lorenz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is one problem with the instinct theory?

A

fails o account for variations in aggressiveness across individuals and cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do humans differ from animals with the “fighting instinct”?

A

humans don’t have it; if people put their hands up, the aggressor will continue to b aggressive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

according to Dollard, what is the result of having ones goal attainment blocked

A

frustration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

whose hypothesis stated that frustration leads to (hostile) aggression?

A

Dollard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

who revised Dollards theory?

A

berkowitz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how did berkowitz revise Dollards theory?

A

berkowitz stated that frustration produces anger which provides a readiness to aggress, but does not guarantee it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tf

aggressive cues decrease the probability that frustrated people will aggress?

A

f

increases probability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tf

deprivation can cause frustration and subsequent aggression

A

f

relative deprivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

explain Zillmans excitation transfer theory

A

physiological arousal dissipates slowly over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

according to Zillmans excitation transfer theory, what can happen to anger in multiple angering situations?
how long until the arousal comes down?

A

anger can linger and lead to over reaction

takes approx 30-40 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what theory does a good job of explaining: road rage, domestic violence?

A

excitation transfer theory - Zillman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

who was specifically interested in the issue of how aggression might b learned through the observation of others

A

bandura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

tf

once learned, aggressive behavior is more likely to generalize to different situations and across time

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what r the two cognitive models of aggression?

A

cognitive scripts

hostile attribution bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

this cognitive model of aggression states that these are a learned series of expected events and how one should respond to them; they are acquired through observation, reinforcement, and socialization and can have self fulfilling effects

A

cognitive scripts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

this cognitive model of aggression infers the tendency to attribute hostile intentions to others

A

hostile attribution bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is this?
tendency to define problems in a hostile way
person adopts hostile goals
person seeks minimal confirming info
person generates few alternatives
person expects fewer negative consequences

A

hostile attribution bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

aggression that appears to b an angry defensive response to frustration (goal blocking) or provocation n includes responses that r primarily interpersonal and hostile in nature

A

reactive aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

aggression that occurs in anticipation of self serving outcomes and is a deliberate behavior that is controlled by external reinforcements

A

proactive aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

which aggression is instrumental,

reactive or proactive?

A

proactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

this type of aggression is generally described as physical/verbal aggression (hitting or pushing, threatening to beat up others) directed as a target

A

overt aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

in this type of aggression ones behaviors are intended to damage another’s child’s friendships or feelings of inclusion by the peer group

A

relational aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

which form of aggression is direct/indirect?

A

overt - direct

relational (covert) - indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

which gender is more relationally victimized?

A

girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

tf
according to crick and nelaon, friend physical and relational victimization was particularly related to the boy or girls adjustment difficulties

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how many tv shows out of ten show violence?

A

6/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

approx how many murders has a child seen on tv by age 12?

A

13K - 20K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what percent of movies on tv show violence?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what percent of violent acts were performed by “good characters” on tv?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what percent of tv programs showed violence within a humorous context?

A

67%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

why does media violence affect us?

4 reasons

A
  1. seeing others b aggressive weakens our learned inhibitions against violence
  2. we learn techniques; imitate
  3. Primes anger; makes u more aware of anger
  4. desensitization to violence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

tf

3/4 people arrested for violence were drunk during their arrest.

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

tf

according to rapist surveys, 50% o them were drunk when they committed the crime

A

f

over half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

behavior against the criminal code committed by an individual who ha not reached adulthood

A

legal def of juvenile delinquency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

youthful behaviors considered inappropriate

A

social def of juvenile delinquency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

involves diagnostic categories of behavior; conduct disorder and antisocial behavior

A

psychological drag of juvenile delinquency

54
Q

what three categories of delinquent acts have increased from 95-05

A

acts against persons
acts against public order
drug offenses

55
Q

what three crimes are most occurring with juveniles?

A

burglary
larceny/theft
auto theft

56
Q

what percent of people 10-18 are considered delinquent?

A

only 10%

57
Q

approx what % of juveniles will have a min of one arrest record by age 18?

A

30%

58
Q

when do violent offenses peak for juveniles?

A

18

59
Q

tf

most juvenile crime isn’t serious.

A

t

60
Q

what r the two types juvenile offenders?

A

life-course persistent

adolescent-limited

61
Q

what % of juvenile offenders are arrested for index crimes?

A

25%

62
Q

what % of juvenile offenders are arrested for non index crimes?

A

75%

63
Q

this type of juvenile offender shows early neurological problems (hyperactivity, difficult temperaments, learning problems)

A

life course persistent (LCP)

64
Q

for this type of juvenile delinquent, offending occurs during his or her teen years ending approx 18th birthday

A

adolescent limited

65
Q

which type of juvenile offender has low recidivism rates and usually specializes in one type of offense

A

adolescence limited

66
Q

which type of juvenile offender has an early onset of behavioral patterns?
multiple school problems?
poor social skills?

A

life course persistent

67
Q

what % of juvenile arrests for violent crimes were girls in 1999?

A

only 17%

68
Q

what crime is most likely to occur with a female juvenile offender?

A

running away

69
Q

which theory suggests that poor parental monitoring, disruptive family events, and inconsistent family discipline are major contributors to early-onset delinquency?

A

coercion development theory

70
Q

pathways to antisocial behavior; they start early or late

A

developmental trajectories

71
Q

tf
late-onset delinquents are more socially limited, have poorer peer relationships, lower self esteem, and r more likely to b arrested than early-onset delinquents?

A

f

early onset delinquents have these issues

72
Q

what r 6 characteristics of successful programs for delinquents?

A
  1. start early (4-5 yrs old(
  2. promote competence across situations
  3. follow developmental principals
  4. focus on multiple settings n systems
  5. acknowledge and respect cultural backgrounds
  6. focus on the family
73
Q

this type of prevention is designed to prevent delinquents behavior b4 it emerges

A

primary prevention

74
Q

this type of prevention works with specific kids who r high risk and who display some early signs of antisocial behavior but have not yet been referred to the courts

A

selective prevention

75
Q

this treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders is not very effective but very expensive usually because they r too limited and poorly conceived

A

restrictive interventions

76
Q

this treatment approach incarcerates juveniles for extended period of time

A

traditional residential treatment

77
Q

tf
studies show that offenders have lower rates of recidivism than those receiving family based or community based treatment?

A

f

lower recidivism

78
Q

a term that describes a person who demonstrates a discernible cluster cluster of psychological, interpersonal, and neurophysiological features that distinguish him or her from the general population

A

psychopath

79
Q

a habitual criminal offender who ha not been properly socialized - does not respond appropriately to treatment, rehab, or incarceration

A

sociopath

80
Q

tf

a psychopath may or may not be a criminal?

A

t

81
Q

tf

psychopaths display specific behaviors that do not have a biological predisposition?

A

f

they do have a biological predisposition

82
Q

what are the three different categories of psychopaths, according to Hare (1970)?

A

primary
secondary
dyssocial

83
Q

according to Hare (1970), this type of psychopath commits antisocial/violent act because of severe emotional problems

A

secondary psychopath

84
Q

according to Hare (1970), this type of psychopath is the “true” psychopath

A

primary psychopath

85
Q

according to Hare (1970), this type of psychopath displays aggressive antisocial behaviors that they have learned from their subcultures

A

dyssocial psychopath

86
Q

tf

many psychopaths have no history of serious anti-social behavior

A

t

87
Q

tf

all serous offenders are psychopaths

A

f

not all

88
Q

tf

criminal psychopaths usually stick to one type of crime

A

f

usually do not

89
Q

these people demonstrate a wide range of persistent antisocial behavior. As a group, they r manipulative, impulsive, risk-taking, whose greatest thrills come from diverse sexual gratification an target diverse victims over time

A

criminal psychopath

90
Q

tf

the persistent offending of psychopaths is usually extremely violent

A

t

91
Q

tf

75% of of officers killed in the line were killed by people matching the psychopathic profile

A

f

1/2

92
Q

tf

as a group psychopaths are less likely to derive pleasure from both the sexual and nonsexual suffering of others

A

f

more likely

93
Q

psychopaths direct violence normally to what sex, m or f?

A

m

94
Q

according to Hare, what tool is used to measure psychopathology?

A

psychopathy checklist (PCL)

95
Q

what r the 4 measures of psychopathology?

A

PCL-R
PCL:SV
PCL:YV
P-Scan: Research Version

96
Q

what r the 2 core factors of psychopathy

A
  1. interpersonal & emotional components

2. socially deviant lifestyle

97
Q

which core factor of psychopathy?

poor planning, impulsivity, excess need for stimulation, prone to boredom

A

factor 2

socially deviant lifestyle

98
Q

which factor of psychopathy?

lack of remorse, callousness, selfish use and manipulation of others

A

factor 1 interpersonal and emotional components

99
Q

for psychopaths, what does factor 1 loading predict?

A

planning predatory violence
does not respond well to therapy
may b linked to bio-psych influences

100
Q

for psychopaths, what doe factor 2 loading predict?

A

spontaneous/disinhibited violence
recidivism
related to SES, education level, cultural and ethnic background

101
Q

tf

adult psychopaths who recieve larger doses of treatment exhibit less violent behavior

A

t

102
Q

tf
adult psychopaths in normal prison therapy programs r less likely to engage in violent crime upon release than ones who did not undergo treatment

A

f

more likely

103
Q

what percent of psychopaths r male/female?

A

9-10% - fm

25-30% - m

104
Q

tf

female psychopaths have a higher recidivism rate than males

A

f

lower rate

105
Q

tf

female psychopaths show a lack of realistic long term goals

A

t

106
Q

describe the type 1 female psychopath (3)

A

lack of empathy
deception
sensation-seeking

107
Q

describe the type 2 female psychopath (3)

A

early behavioral problems
promiscuity
antisocial, nonviolent behavior

108
Q

what is the issue with diagnostic tools for juvenile psychopaths?

A

they are not accurate and currently used for research more than diagnosis

109
Q

are features of adult psychopathy found in children?

A

yes

110
Q

why is it damaging to apply the psychopath label to children?

A

the label

111
Q

what is wrong with EEG patterns in the psychopaths brain?

A

immature and slow waves

112
Q

in Hale n Wattersons experiment, what percent of psychopaths showed abnormally slow wave EEGs

A

65%

113
Q

which two brain wave do psychopaths show the most on EEGs?

A

Delta n Theta

114
Q

what r the 6 CNS differences among people with psychopathy

A
  1. maturation retardation (hypothesis)
  2. hemisphere asymmetry n deficiency
  3. frontal lobe
  4. amygdala dysfunction
  5. stimulation seeking
  6. optimal arousal of the cerebral cortex
115
Q

what side of the brain is more active in people with psychopathy?

A

rt

116
Q

which side of the brain is needed for reading facial expressions and emotions?

A

left

117
Q

tf

psychopaths are more accurate at reading emotional facial expressions

A

f

less accurate

118
Q

which hand is more dominant in psychopaths according to studies

A

left hand

119
Q

tf

psychopaths show deficits in frontal lobe activity?

A

t

120
Q

tf

studies show higher levels of amygdala activity in people with psychopathy

A

f

lower levels of amygdala activity

121
Q

tf

amygdala controls learning through punishment and negative consequences

A

t

122
Q

who suggested that psychopathic behavior is due to extreme stimulation seeking

A

Quay

123
Q

tf

psychopaths do better under high lvls of arousal than normal people

A

t

124
Q

what does RAS generate?

A

nonspecific cortical arousal

125
Q

What does SCR/GSR stand for?

what does it measure?

A

skin conductance response/galvanic skin response

measures sympathetic system emotional arousal

126
Q

tf
research reveals low SCR/GSR in psychopaths.
what does this mean for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

t

low levels means parasympathetic system is on

127
Q

complex cortical and sensory response to unexpected changes in the environment
(head turns, pupils dilate)

A

orienting response

128
Q

this response is automatic, reflexive and produces increase in analytical processing in the senses and the cortex

A

orienting response

129
Q

tf

there is strong genetic influence on children with psychopathy

A

f

not strong genetic influences

130
Q

tf

psychopaths are less likely to have experienced family abuse, neglect, and indifference, and societal difficulties

A

f

more likely

131
Q

tf

some researchers claim that psychopathy is as early as 6 yrs old

A

f

5

132
Q

which disorder is normally mistaken for psychopathy in younger years?

A

conduct disorder

133
Q

tf

life course persistent offenders are tied to psychopathy

A

t

Criminal Behavior (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions