test 3

Question 1

observational learning

Answer 1

learning when one observes and imitates behavior

Question 2

4 processes

Answer 2

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

Question 3

attention

Answer 3

attend to and recognize distinctive features of the model response

Question 4

retention

Answer 4

code it and put it into memory

Question 5

production

Answer 5

must be capable of reproducing the behavior

Question 6

motivation

Answer 6

incentive

Question 7

memory

Answer 7

retention of info over time

Question 8

encoding

Answer 8

getting info into memory

Question 9

storage

Answer 9

retaining info over time

Question 10

retrieval

Answer 10

taking info out of storage

Question 11

sensory memory

Answer 11

rich and detailed info held in sensory form, held for just an instant

Question 12

rehearsal

Answer 12

concious repetition of info

Question 13

chunking

Answer 13

group by categories with personal meaning

Question 14

imagery

Answer 14

create visual picture

Question 15

elaboration

Answer 15

create a story, rhyme, etc.

Question 16

long term memory

Answer 16

relatively permanent and unlimited storage where true learning occurs

Question 17

recall

Answer 17

retrieve previously learned info without retrieval cues

Question 18

recognition

Answer 18

identify or recognize the previously learned item

Question 19

interference theory

Answer 19

something gets in the way of what we want to recall

Question 20

decay theory

Answer 20

passage of time leads to forgetting, use it or lose it

Question 21

encoding strategies

Answer 21

mmeominc devices, acronyms, keywords

Question 22

metacognition

Answer 22

thinking about thinking

Question 23

self instruction

Answer 23

help alter what people say to themselves

Question 24

thinking

Answer 24

manipulating and transforming info in memory

Question 25

critical thinking

Answer 25

thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence

Question 26

socratic method

Answer 26

using questions as a form of teaching, question after question

Question 27

convergent answer

Answer 27

thinking that produces one correct answer

Question 28

divergent thinking

Answer 28

requires students to expand, explore, and be creative

Question 29

learning

Answer 29

relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience

Question 30

associative learning

Answer 30

association between behavior and consequence

Question 31

observational learning

Answer 31

classical: behavior and response, operant: behavior and consequence

Question 32

generalization

Answer 32

respond similairly to different stimuli

Question 33

discrimination

Answer 33

respond differently to similar stimuli (d comes first in discrimination, different)

Question 34

extinction

Answer 34

weakening of conditioned response in the absense of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 35

systematic desentisization

Answer 35

reduces anxiety by getting the person to associated relaxation with their fears (snake example)

Question 36

connectionism

Answer 36

all learning can be explained by connections that are formed between stimulus and response (thorndike)

Question 37

law of readiness

Answer 37

we learn when we are ready

Question 38

law of exercize

Answer 38

we learn through practice

Question 39

law of effect

Answer 39

association is strenghtened by satisfaction, weakened by discomfort (you like subjects youre good at example)

Question 40

thinking + problem solving =

Answer 40

competence

Question 41

problem

Answer 41

significant discrepancy between actual and desired behavior

Question 42

DUPE method: D

Answer 42

def. of problem

Question 43

DUPE method: U

Answer 43

understanding of the problem

Question 44

DUPE method: P

Answer 44

Plan for solution

Question 45

DUPE method: E

Answer 45

evaluate your solution

Question 46

fixation

Answer 46

using a prior prob. solv. strat., need fresh perspective

Question 47

constructivism

Answer 47

knowledge is mutually constructed, discovery learning

Question 48

constructivist teacher

Answer 48

facilitator, teaching is guiding, active and directive,

Question 49

positive reinforcement

Answer 49

pleasant stimulus is ADDED to INCREASE behavior (+++)

Question 50

negative reinforcement

Answer 50

unpleasant stimulus is REMOVED to INCREASE behavior (--+)

Question 51

premack principle

Answer 51

using a high-prob. activity to help complete a low-prob. activity (telling kid to eat vegetables iot get desert)

Question 52

positive punishment

Answer 52

aversive stimulus is ADDED to DECREASE behavior (---) (spanking)

Question 53

negative punishment

Answer 53

pleasant stimulus is REMOVED to DECREASE a behavior (+--)

Question 54

Bandura's Self-Efficacy

Answer 54

belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes (you can do it)