Test 3 Flashcards
the study of light in all its forms, both visible and invisible.
Optics
electromagnetic radiation
A simple definition of light
a dual transverse, non-mechanical,
self-propagating wave that travels at a constant speed in a homogeneous
medium.
A more complex definition of light
We say that the electric field disturbance creates the magnetic field disturbance , and the magnetic field disturbance, in response, creates the electric field disturbance , back and forth, ad infinitum.
Light is self-propogating
The intensity of an ordinary light source decreases with the distance squared.
The Inverse Square Law
all of it (all of its rays) are going in one direction.
Spatially Coherent Light
It is all of one frequency.
Temporally Coherent Light
Light that is temporally and spatially coherent, like lazers
Coherent Light
radio, tv, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma ray.
radio, tv, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma ray.
reflection, transmission and absorption.
How light interacts with matter
the bouncing of light off matter.
Reflection
movement of light through something (solid, liquid or gas).
Transmisson
the transmutation of the light’s energy into mechanical energy in the matter, with the subsequent re-emission of new light out of the matter at a lower frequency.
Absorption
the bouncing of light off matter.
Reflection
the bending of light as it passes from one optical medium to another of a different density.
Refraction
the breaking up of white light into its component colors.
Dispersion
the bending of light around corners.
Diffraction
image integrity is maintained in reflection.
Specular reflection
when light reflects in random directions off a less that shiny and less than smooth surface.
Diffuse Reflection
Ole Roamer
1st to use astronomy to determine the speed of light
299,792,458 meters per second
The speed of light in the vacuum of space
To this day, coherent light from powerful
Earth based laser beams are sent to the
Moon and reflected back to Earth to measure
how far away the Moon is at the time of
measurement.
Currently, there are five highly reflective
mirrors on the Moon, three left by Apollo
astronauts (from the Apollo 11, 14 and 15
missions), and two left by Russian robotic
missions.
We know the distance to the Moon to
millimeter precision. Currently, the Moon is
migrating away from the Earth about 3.8
centimeters per year.
The moon is 238,900 miles away
How we know how far away the moon is
Red, green, blue
3 colors of light that humans can see
Yellow, turqoise, magenta
3 complementary colors of light that humans can see
Chicago is delayed 6 hours in relation to London
The difference between Central Daylight Standard Time and London Summer Time
180 degrees
International Date Line longitude
90 degrees
Chicago’s Longitude
41 n
Chicago’s longitude
Greenwhich Mean Time or Universal Time Coordinated
London’s longitude
Paschal Moon
What the Native Americans will call the moon on April 12th, 2025
Betelgeuse, Sirius, and Procyon.
The 3 stars that makeup the winter triangle
Betelgeuse
The star that makes up Orion’s left shoulder
“The Three Kings” or the “The Three
Sisters.”
Orion’s belt
It is the third brightest reflecting object in the
solar system.
Jupiter
the fourth brightest sunlight reflecting object in the Solar System
Mars
Deimos and Phobos
The 2 moons that mars has
Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto
Jupiter’s moons as discovered by Gallieo
Europa and Callisto
May harbor life
Olympus Mons
Tallest Volcano in the solar system
25 Earth Hours
1 Mars Day
10 Earth Hours
1 Jupiter Day
11.6 Earth years
1 Jupiter Year
2 Earth Years
1 Mars Year
The largest planet in the solar system
Jupiter
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Planets that currently have rings
about 4.51 billion years old.
How old the moon is
created by a collision between a planetismal (a
small planet-like object called Theia) and Earth.
How the moon was created
the time between a New Moon and the next New Moon.
Synodic Month
the time for the Moon to orbit the Earth, compared to the faraway stars
Sidereal Month
waxing crescent, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous, and waning crescent
Illumination phases of the moon
barred spiral galaxy
The kind of galaxy that the Milky Way Galaxy is
It is thought that the Andromeda and Milky
Way Galaxies will collide in about 4.5 billion years.
The fate of the Andromeda Galaxy
approximately 30 gravitationally connected galaxies of various sizes and types.
The local group of galaxies
Andromeda, Milky Way, Triangulum Galaxy, Supergiant Elliptical Galaxy Virgo A, IC 10
5 largest galxay’s in the local group
Sextant
Used in ancient times to determine latitude
