Module 6A Flashcards
Optics
The study of light in all it’s forms, visible & Invisble
Light
Electromagnetic radiation
299, 792, 458 meters per second
The speed of light
Both a wave & a particle
Light
Light particles are traced as straight lines called rays
Geometric school of light
“Light is exclusively particles”
Isaac Newton
“Light is exclusively waves”
Christian Huygens
Light wave paths are drawn as advancing wave fronts
Physical school of light
Electromagnetic Wave
Light
We say that the electric field disturbance creates the magnetic field disturbance and the magnetic field disturbance, in response, creates the electric field disturbance, back and forth, ad infinitum.
Light is self-propagating
Ampere’s Law
the electric field disturbance creates the magnetic field disturbance
Faraday’s Law
the magnetic field disturbance creates the electric field disturbance
Non-mechanical wave
light
Gets dimmer the further you are away from it
Light
Inverse Square Law
The intensity of an ordinary light source decreases with the distance squared.
Intensity of Light
The power of a light source divided by the area upon which the light is indecent
Lumens
The units light intensity is measured in
Temporally coherent light
all one frequency
Spatially coherent light
all the rays go in one direction
Temporally and spatially coherent
Coherent light
Lazer light
Coherent Light
700 nanometers- 400 nanometers
Range of light wavelengths humans can see
Nanometer
A billionth of a meter
Dark red
Visible light near 700 nanometers
Dark violet
Visible light near 400 nanometers
Color
A perception
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Range array of light frequencies by type
Radio, television, microwaves, infared, visble, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray, y-rays, cosmic ray
Ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum
Reflection of Light
The bouncing of light off matter
Transmission
Movement of light thru. something (solid, liquid, gas)
Absorption of Light
The transmission of the lights energy into mechanical energy in the matter with the subsequent re-emission of the new light out of the matter at a lower frequency
Reflection, refraction, dispersion, diffraction, doppler effect
Classical Phenomena of Light
Reflection
The bouncing of light off matter
Refraction
The bending of light as it passes from one optical medium to another of a different denstity
Dispersion
The breaking up of white light into it’s component colors
Diffraction
The bending of light around corners
Doppler Effect
The observance of a shifting of a light’s wave’s frequency because of relative motion between the source of light and the observer of the light.
Specular Reflection
Image integrity is maintained in reflection
Image Integrity
Seeing an object in reflection and still being able to identify it
Diffuse reflection
When light reflects in random directions off a less than shiny and smooth surface
The angle made by the incoming ray and the normal line equals the angle made by the outgoing ray and the normal line up from the point of impingment
The law of relection
Parabolic Mirror
The mirror itself, in 3 dimensions, is generated by “spinning” this parabolic cross section around the axis of the symmetry
Real image
An image formed by converging rays
Inverted image
An image that is upside down relative to the object being imaged
Reduced image
An image that is smaller in size than the object being imaged
Image magnification
The size of the image relative to the size of the object
Rays
Straight lines that are always perpendicular
Huygens Principle
Each point on a wave front can be considered a point source of circular waves
Cones
The color cells in the retina’s of our eyes
Red cones
700 nm
Blue cones
400 nm
Green cones
550 nm
Photoelectric Effect
Certain materials lost their change more quickly when exposed to UV ligth
Index refraction
The speed of light in the vaccume divided by the speed of light in the medium
Cherenkov Raditation
When electrons move at speeds less than c but greater than the speed of light in the optical medium being used, those electrons will give off a special kind of light
