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test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

social dominance orientation

A

motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups

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2
Q

realistic group conflict theory

A

theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

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3
Q

social identity

A

the “we” aspect of self-concept

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4
Q

ingroup

A

“us”
- group of people who share sense of belonging, common identity

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5
Q

outgroup

A

“them”
- group people perceive as different from their group

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6
Q

consequences of prejudice

A
  • subtyping
  • subgrouping
  • stereotypes
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7
Q

STUDY: Thai et al.
Friends with moral credentials

A
  • belief that minority friendships make one look less racist
    IV:
    1) the statement on the Facebook profile (2 levels)
    2) the visual picture on the profile (3 levels)
    3) observers (2 levels)

DV:
1) how racist the target was seen
2) perceived negative intent
3)level of offensiveness
4) neg. affect toward statement

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8
Q

automatic processing

A

we seek patterns & categorize things and people

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9
Q

stereotyping

A

cognitive component
- generalization of a group where indiv characteristics are given to all in group regardless of actual variations

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10
Q

prejudice

A

affective (emotional) component
- neg or pos attitude toward group of people based only on membership in group

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11
Q

discrimination

A

behavioral component
- unjustified neg or pos action towards group based on group membership

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12
Q

STUDY: Tajfei & Turner
Minimal Group Paradigm

A
  • show slides with lots of dots & guess # of dots
  • tell based on info if you over or underestimated - results made up
  • then, 2 groups play game together
    - stereotypes quickly emerged within groups
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13
Q

is implicit or explicit prejudice greater today?

A

Explicit in US has increased dramatically

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14
Q

implicit bias

A

operates OUTSIDE of awareness
- having preference for a group based on implicit attitudes, stereotypes, etc

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15
Q

IAT knee tapping instructions

A

(Implicit association task - Greenwald & Banaji)

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16
Q

aggression as biological phenomenon

A

-influences:
instinctive
neural
genetic
biochemical

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17
Q

frustration aggression theory

A

theory that frustration triggers readiness to aggress

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18
Q

social learning theory

A

we learn social behavior by observing & imitating and rewards

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19
Q

STUDY: Albert Bandura
Bobo Doll

A
  • children exposed to adult’s aggression against Bobo doll were likely to reproduce observed aggression
20
Q

2 mental proccessess

A

intentional operating
- conscious / effortful
- unwanted thoughts go away through distraction

ironic monitoroing
- unconscious / little effort
- search for unwanted thoughts being surpressed

21
Q

Contact Hypothesis (Allport 1954)

A
  • contact between members of dif groups will improve relations BUT need:
    1) cooperation
    2) equal status
    3) acquaintance potential (get to know each other)
    4) institutional support
22
Q

teasing vs bullying

A

teasing
- not making fun of characteristics out of someones control
- not meant to harm, from someone close to you

bullying
- 3 components
1) repeated
2) imbalance of power
3) purposeful

23
Q

need to belong

A

motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide pos interactions

24
Q

STUDY: Hatfield (1966)

A
  • 752 students - matching dance
  • aptitude/personality testing - how much did tests predict attraction?

matching phenomenon - tendancy for men/women to choose partners who are ‘good match’ in attractiveness & more

25
Q

Proximity (propinquity)

A
  • how much you interact with someone
  • the more you interact & see the more likely to be friends
26
Q

STUDY: Festinger (1950)

A
  • looked at married housing complex at MIT & who became friends
  • 65% reported best friend IN same building
  • 41% reported next door neighbors were best friend
  • people near common spaces friends all over building
27
Q

STUDY: Shin et al (3 studies)

A

1) circle study
- how close in proximity people drew close friends on physical circle

2) romeo & juliet
- all male participants, female confederate
IV: distance sitting apart, 80 or 160 cm
- read romantic scene from romeo & juliet
DV: how much guys reported liking the woman
- close condition liked her more

3) closeness & attractiveness
- men & women both shown pictures of 2 women where one looked closer
- closer woman rated more attractive

28
Q

Mere Exposure

A

the more exposure to stimulus, the more you like it

29
Q

similarity vs complementary

A
  • similarity attracts more
  • open vs closed fields
    • open: can be friends with anyone
    • closed: brings people together
30
Q

attractiveness

A

tendency to like people more physically attractive
- ‘what is beautiful is good’ stereotype
- more attractive people = more socially fluent

31
Q

passionate vs companionate love

A

companionate love - feel close, develops, no passion

32
Q

Sternbergs Love Triangle

A

1) intimacy - feeling close/bonded
2) passion - ‘hot’ part, arousal, sexual
3) commitment - short & long term

  • intimacy + passion = romantic love
  • intimacy + commitment = companionate love (parent - child)
  • passion + commitment = fatuous love (hookup)
  • ALL = consummate love
33
Q

love styles

A

1) eros
2) ludus
3) storge
4) pragma
5) mania
6) agape

women = more storge & pragma
men = more ludic

34
Q

social exchange theory

A

cost vs reward

35
Q

STUDY: Strange Situation Task

A

attachment styles
- babies in room with a parent
- parents leave room (babies should cry)
- look at reaction baby has when parent returns

36
Q

altruism

A

helping without expecting anything in return

37
Q

prosocial behavior

A

any act performed with goal of benefiting another person

38
Q

theories of helping

A
  • evolutionary psychology (biological)
  • social norms (sociological)
  • social exchange theory (psych)
39
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

people are more likely to help those in family more

40
Q

reciprocity norm

A

expectation that helping others will result in you getting help later

41
Q

social responsibility norm

A

expectation people will help those dependent on them

42
Q

social exchange theory

A

aim to maximize rewards and minimize costs
- only when pros outway cons

43
Q

Batson’s Empathy Altruism Hypothesis

A

1) observe
2) empathy?
no - social exchange
yes - will help (altruism)

44
Q

STUDY: “Carol” (Batson)

A
  • intro to psych students told to evaluate different radio shows (actually listening to same program by Carol Macey about hardship)
  • participants get note from carol to student asking for help catching up at school
    IV: empathy (high vs low) & costs of helping
    • empathy: induce or remove empathy from situation
    • cost: see carol every day if you did/didn’t help
  • empathy induce felt sympathy - if empathy helped regardless of cost
45
Q
A

social psychology (3 decks)

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