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Earth Science > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process where a liquid changes into a gas

A

Evaporation

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2
Q

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull

A

Precipitation

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3
Q

The process by which plants release water into the atmosphere through their leaves

A

Transpiration

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4
Q

Permeation of a liquid into something by filtration

A

Infiltration

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5
Q

The flow of water over the ground’s surface when it can’t be absorbed by the soil quickly enough

A

Runoff

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6
Q

Side of a stream meander where sand and gravel deposition occurs

A

Point bar

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7
Q

Side of a stream meander where erosion occurs

A

Cut bank

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8
Q

A former stream meander that has been cut off from the main channel

A

Oxbow

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9
Q

A stream containing numerous sand bars that divides the stream flow

A

Braided channel

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10
Q

Primarily composed of coarse sediment such as sand and gravel

A

Bed load

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11
Q

Primarily composed of fine sediment such as clay and silt

A

Suspended load

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12
Q

The amount of space between soil particles

A

Porosity

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13
Q

The ability of water to flow through soil

A

Permeability

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14
Q

Currents that flow in circular patterns across the ocean basins

A

Gyre

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15
Q

The main type of rock created along the mid-ocean ridges

A

Basalt

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16
Q

This forms when pumping water from a well causes the water table surrounding the well to fall

A

Cone of depression

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17
Q

Where is erosion most likely to occur?

A

Cut bank (Y)

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18
Q

If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of infiltration increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

19
Q

If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of runoff increase or decrease?

A

Increase

20
Q

If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of transpiration increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

21
Q

What process is blocked by the construction of jetties that extend from the coast?

A

Longshore transport

22
Q

What two dissolved elements are the most abundant in ocean water?

A

Sodium and chlorine

23
Q

Is layer 1 (the top layer) on a cross section of a waterfall hard or soft?

A

Hard

24
Q

Is layer 2 (the bottom layer) of a cross section of a waterfall hard or soft?

A

Soft

25
Q

Layer 1: the uppermost layer of soil and rock that contains both air and water, but is not fully saturated with water

A

Zone of aeration

26
Q

Layer 2: the upper surface of the zone of saturation. Directly below the Zone of Aeration

A

Water table

27
Q

Layer 3: an underground layer of water - saturated rock or sediment that stores and transmits water. Directly below the water table

A

Aquifer

28
Q

Layer 4: Impermeable unit that can store groundwater and transmit it slowly from one aquifer to another. Below the aquifer.

A

Aquitard

29
Q

This horizon has fresh organic matter

A

O horizon

30
Q

This horizon has humus, decomposed organic matter, and some minerals

A

E horizon

31
Q

This horizon is made up of primarily clay minerals, and is also known as the ‘zone of accumulation’

A

B horizon

32
Q

This horizon has partially decomposed bedrock

A

C horizon

33
Q

Caves form due to dissolution of limestone (calcite). This is an example of what type of weathering?

A

Chemical

34
Q

Shattering a rock by freezing and thawing cycles. This is an example of what type of weathering?

A

Physical

35
Q

Rocks worn smooth by abrasion against other rocks. This is an example of what type of weathering?

A

Physical

36
Q

Oxidation of minerals to form iron oxide. This is an example of what type of weathering?

A

Chemical

37
Q

Where did North Carolina’s barrier islands originally form?

A

More seaward, where the continental shelf is today

38
Q

A barrier island shifts landward during a large storm, as sand is moved from the ocean side to the lagoon/sound side. What process is this?

A

Overwash

39
Q

What is the source of most nutrients in the soil?

A

Chemical weathering of rocks

40
Q

The society of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean ultimately caused the deforestation of the entire island, which led to mass starvation. Once deforestation started, it led to soil erosion, which prevented new trees from growing, thereby making both deforestation and soil erosion worse as time went on. What response pattern does this follow?

A

Positive feedback

41
Q

In the Beaches are Moving video, we learned that during a storm, sand can be removed from the beach and dunes to an offshore bar. When waves begin breaking

A

Negative feedback

42
Q

A debris flow is a type of landslide that is a swiftly flowing mixture of water, mud, and large rocks. This can be triggered by a sudden instability on a bare mountain slope. What response pattern does this follow?

A

Threshold effect

43
Q

In the film Erin Brockovich, the water supply in the town of Hinckley, CA was contaminated with what?

A

Lead

44
Q

In the film Erin Brockovich, the main character Erin Brockovich had no previous experience as what?

A

A lawyer

Earth Science (4 decks)

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