Test 3 Flashcards
The process where a liquid changes into a gas
Evaporation
Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull
Precipitation
The process by which plants release water into the atmosphere through their leaves
Transpiration
Permeation of a liquid into something by filtration
Infiltration
The flow of water over the ground’s surface when it can’t be absorbed by the soil quickly enough
Runoff
Side of a stream meander where sand and gravel deposition occurs
Point bar
Side of a stream meander where erosion occurs
Cut bank
A former stream meander that has been cut off from the main channel
Oxbow
A stream containing numerous sand bars that divides the stream flow
Braided channel
Primarily composed of coarse sediment such as sand and gravel
Bed load
Primarily composed of fine sediment such as clay and silt
Suspended load
The amount of space between soil particles
Porosity
The ability of water to flow through soil
Permeability
Currents that flow in circular patterns across the ocean basins
Gyre
The main type of rock created along the mid-ocean ridges
Basalt
This forms when pumping water from a well causes the water table surrounding the well to fall
Cone of depression
Where is erosion most likely to occur?
Cut bank (Y)
If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of infiltration increase or decrease?
Decrease
If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of runoff increase or decrease?
Increase
If a concrete parking lot is built on the site of a former forest, would the amount of transpiration increase or decrease?
Decrease
What process is blocked by the construction of jetties that extend from the coast?
Longshore transport
What two dissolved elements are the most abundant in ocean water?
Sodium and chlorine
Is layer 1 (the top layer) on a cross section of a waterfall hard or soft?
Hard
Is layer 2 (the bottom layer) of a cross section of a waterfall hard or soft?
Soft
Layer 1: the uppermost layer of soil and rock that contains both air and water, but is not fully saturated with water
Zone of aeration
Layer 2: the upper surface of the zone of saturation. Directly below the Zone of Aeration
Water table
Layer 3: an underground layer of water - saturated rock or sediment that stores and transmits water. Directly below the water table
Aquifer
Layer 4: Impermeable unit that can store groundwater and transmit it slowly from one aquifer to another. Below the aquifer.
Aquitard
This horizon has fresh organic matter
O horizon
This horizon has humus, decomposed organic matter, and some minerals
E horizon
This horizon is made up of primarily clay minerals, and is also known as the ‘zone of accumulation’
B horizon
This horizon has partially decomposed bedrock
C horizon
Caves form due to dissolution of limestone (calcite). This is an example of what type of weathering?
Chemical
Shattering a rock by freezing and thawing cycles. This is an example of what type of weathering?
Physical
Rocks worn smooth by abrasion against other rocks. This is an example of what type of weathering?
Physical
Oxidation of minerals to form iron oxide. This is an example of what type of weathering?
Chemical
Where did North Carolina’s barrier islands originally form?
More seaward, where the continental shelf is today
A barrier island shifts landward during a large storm, as sand is moved from the ocean side to the lagoon/sound side. What process is this?
Overwash
What is the source of most nutrients in the soil?
Chemical weathering of rocks
The society of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean ultimately caused the deforestation of the entire island, which led to mass starvation. Once deforestation started, it led to soil erosion, which prevented new trees from growing, thereby making both deforestation and soil erosion worse as time went on. What response pattern does this follow?
Positive feedback
In the Beaches are Moving video, we learned that during a storm, sand can be removed from the beach and dunes to an offshore bar. When waves begin breaking
Negative feedback
A debris flow is a type of landslide that is a swiftly flowing mixture of water, mud, and large rocks. This can be triggered by a sudden instability on a bare mountain slope. What response pattern does this follow?
Threshold effect
In the film Erin Brockovich, the water supply in the town of Hinckley, CA was contaminated with what?
Lead
In the film Erin Brockovich, the main character Erin Brockovich had no previous experience as what?
A lawyer
