Test 2.1 Flashcards
Zealandia crust would be ___ than normal ocean crust
Thicker
Zealandia crust would be ___ dense than normal ocean crust
Less
Subduction occurs on a ___ plate boundary?
Convergent
True or False? The titled layers of rock at the center of the map, between Giants Causeway and Benbane Head, were originally deposited at the present tilted angle they lie today
True
Based on the sequence of layers shown, the oldest rock is the ___
Lias
Causeway basalts, intrusive igneous rocks, chalk, Lias (youngest to oldest)
C B, I, C, L
In a sequence of rock layers, the oldest layer is the bottom layer and the youngest is on the top. This is known as the Principle of ___
Superposition
If an igneous rock cuts through the surrounding rock, it must have formed later. This is known as the Principle of ___ ___
Cross-Cutting Relationships
Fossils always occur in the same order in a layered sequence. This is known as the Principle of ___ ___
Faunal Succession
If a sedimentary rock lies above granite, but eroded pieces of granite are found within the sedimentary rock, the granite is older. This is known as the Principle of ___
Inclusions
Carbon-14 is found in ___
Fossils
Uranium-235 can be found in much older ___
Rocks
A subduction is a characteristic of a ___ plate boundary
Convergent
The ___ is the rigid layer of earth’s surface that is broken into tectonic plates
Lithosphere
The ___ is solid but soft, plastic layer capable of flowing
Asthenosphere
The ___ is the rigid layer that composes much of the lower mantle
Mesosphere
The ___ ___ is an entirely liquid layer composed of nickel and iron
Outer Core
The ___ ___ is a dense solid layer composed of nickel and iron
Inner Core
List the mechanical layers of the earth in their proper order from top (outer) to bottom (inner)
Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core
If a rock only partially melts, the magma will form a rock that is different from the ___ rock
Original
Large, fluid lava flows is associated with ___ style eruptions
Effusive
Pyrociastic flows are associated with ___ style eruptions
Explosive
Composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes) are associated with ___ style eruptions
Explosive
Shield volcanoes are associated with ___ style eruptions
Effusive
What is the composition of magma that is typical in an effusive eruption (like Kilauea)
Basaltic
The fastest type of seismic wave is the ___-wave
P
_-waves are incapable of traveling through the Earth’s liquid outer core
P
Although most earthquakes occur on ___ ___, some occur far from them
Plate boundaries
Tsunamis get larger/smaller when they enter shallow water
Smaller
The ___ period is the oldest geological era
Precambrian
The K-T extinction occurred in the ___ era (Cretaceous period)
Mesozoic
The age of coal swamps occurred in the ___ era (Pennsylvanian period)
Paleozoic
The oldest known fossil is from the ___ period
Precambrian
The oldest known fossil is from the ___ period
Precambrian
As magma steadily rises into a volcano there may be some subtle signs that pressure is gradually rising inside the volcano, such as it may begin to bulge. At some point, the pressure rises to the point where it is all released suddenly in a violent explosive eruption. What type of behavior is this an example of?
Threshold Effect
Magma solidifies within cracks in the crust to form a granite dike. This is a ___ rock
Igneous
A large magma chamber within the crust solidifies to form a granite batholith. This is a ___ rock
Igneous
A continental collision alters the original continental rocks into slate, schist, and gneiss due to the extreme pressure. This is a ___ rock
Metamorphic
Lava that directly touches limestone heats the rock and changes it into marble. This is a ___ rock
Metamorphic
New basaltic ocean crust is formed by magma on a mid-ocean ridge. This is a ___ rock
Igneous
Waves on a Hawaiian beach break down basalt to form a black-sand beach. This is a ___ rock
Sedimentary
Give an example of how plate tectonic activity can affect the atmosphere. Plate tectonic activity includes earthquakes, volcanic activity, and deformation of the crust
Can pollute air
Give an example of how plate tectonic activity can affect the biosphere. Plate tectonic activity includes earthquakes, volcanic activity, and deformation of the crust
Can kill animals and pollute habitats
Give an example of how plate tectonic activity can affect the geosphere. Plate tectonic activity includes earthquakes, volcanic activity, and deformation of the crust
Can damage the crust and change it’s “shape”
Give an example of how plate tectonic activity can affect the hydrosphere. Plate tectonic activity includes earthquakes, volcanic activity, and deformation of the crust
Can kill animals + pollute water
