Test 3 Flashcards
The ______ scale is a logarithmic scale that assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by am earthquake
Richter scale
The scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves is known as
Seismology
Fragments of unmelted rocks that are sometimes incorporated in magma are known as____
Xenolith
____ are the first waves to leave the focus after an earthquake
P waves
The _____ is the point on the surface directly above the point of an earthquake
Epicenter
The ____ is the part of the earths interior where rocks start to melt
Asthenosphere
an instrument that measures and detects vibrations in the earth is known as____
Seismograph
The figure below, what is the approximate time of arrival of the p waves
2.24 minutes
According to the figure above, what is the approximate s-p travel time?
1.75 mins
A(n) _____ wave is an elastic rebound wave that travels outward in all directions from the point of an earthquake
Seismic wave
The figure above shows a primary earthquake hazard
True
The Richter scale measures the damage caused by a given earthquake
False; mercali scale
The earths density as a whole is approximately 2.8g/cm^3
False; 5.6
The largest measured displacement caused by an earthquake was 15m
True
A place along a fault where an earthquake has not occurred in a long time is called paleoseismology
False
Charles richter was the first scientist to notice the difference between p waves and S waves
False
The crust below the oceans averages a thickness of 8km
True
The zone from the base of the asthenosphere to the mantle-core boundary is known as the lithosphere
False; mesosphere
Secondary hazards sometimes cause more damage than the earthquake itself
True
Remote sensing is the study of ancient earthquake
False
P waves travel by compression-expansion
True
The outer corgis solid and the inner core is liquid
False ; vice versa…… The core is liquid and inner core is solid
The mantle makes up roughly 80% of the earths volume
True
The modified mercali scale quantifies the effects of an earthquake on the earths surface, humans, objects of nature, and man made structures on a scale of I through XII, with I denoting a weak earthquake and XII one that causes almost completed destruction
True
The S wave shadow zone is an area of the planet that does not receive any S waves, usually opposite the origin of the earthquake
True
Geologists can use indirect observation methods like; astronomy, magnetism, and density to look at the interior of the planet
True
Most diamonds are transported to the surface in kimberlite pipes from the outer core
False; asthenosphere
A large, destructive wave sometimes caused by an earthquake is called a ____
Tsunami
A measure of an earthquake strength based on rupture size, rock properties, and displacement is known as_____
Moment magnitude
______ is the bouncing back of a wave from an interface between two mediums
Reflection
The theory that stress is continually built up along a fault and released when earthquake occur is known as____
Elastic rebound theory
The method using data from three seismic stations to locate an earthquake is known as____
Triangulation
When all the grains in a rock are roughly the same size, the rock is said to be____
Well sorted
The group of processes that transform sediment rock is known as____
Lithification
What is the sedimentary structure shown in the figure to the right
Cross bedding
A sedimentary rock formed by the evaporation of lake or seawater is known as a(n)
Evaporite
A _____ is a sedimentary deposit that forms when a stream enters a standing body of water
Delta
When gravel becomes lithified ____ is formed
Conglomerate
_______ is the reduction of pore space in sediment
Compaction
Which sedimentary rock is a Fine grained fissile rock consists primarily of clay particles
Shale
Glacial till is an example of a deposit that is____
Poorly sorted
Seasonal lakes, or ____, are common in arid areas
Playas
A biogenic sediment that forms from the accumulation of plant debris is known as____
Peat
Most of the worlds sedimentary rocks form as strata in which environment
Continental shelves
A fine grained sedimentary rock is known as ____
Shale
Mudcracks are sedimentarystructuresthat are formed in wet/dry environments
True
Cross-bedding can form from turbidites, with the large grains deposited on the bottom and the fine grains at the top
False; graded beds
Sandstone results from the lithification of clay grains
False; sand grains
Coal is classified as a chemical sedimentary rock
False; biogenic rock
Fossilized footprints provide inferences about depositional environment
True
Breccia form in areas of low energy
False; high energy
Marine Evaporite basins form in coastal areas with hot and arid climates
True
Till is an example of sediment that has angular grains and high sphericity
False; doesn’t have high sphericity
Quartz grains tend to have high sphericity and roundness
True
Till is a type of light brown, wind blown sediment
False;
The banded rock in the figure below is known as____
Gneiss
A very fine grained, low grade metamorphic rock that results from the metamorphism of shale is known as____
Slate
A zone of contact metamorphism called a(n)___ is sometimes found in igneous rocks
Aureole
______ is the metamorphic process by which the chemical composition of the rock is changed by the addition or removal of fluids
Metas omasum
Which metamorphic rock forms when limestone is metamorphosed
Marble
Which type of metamorphism is associated with oregens (mountain building)
Regional
Slate is a type of a high bred metamorphic rock
False
Metamorphism refers to mechanical alterations of a rock
False; metamorphism is adding fluids
Burma and central americA have the worlds largest jade deposits
True
Metamorphic rocks can occur from sedimentary and igneous rocks
True
The largest scale of metamorphism results from contact metamorphism
False; regional
Migmatites are composed of igneous and sedimentary rock
False; igneous and metamorphic
Quartzite results from metamorphosed sandstone
True
Meteorite impact can lead to metamorphism
True
______ is the extremely slow downslope granular flow of regolith
Creep
A _____ involves a rational movement of rock or regolith
Slump
Sediment that is moved along the bottom of a stream is known as
Bed load
Flowing regolith that is not saturated with water is known as a _____ flow
Slurry
The figure below illustrates a good example of a debris flow
False; slump
A ______ is any mass wasting process that involves a flowing motion of regolith containing water and/or air in it’s pores
Flow
The “bouncing” of grains along a stream bed is known as
Saltation
The sit and clay that May be stirred up in the stream bed is known as suspended lead
True
